国有企业负债与预算软约束

本文分析了作为所有者的政府、最大债权人的国有银行对国有企业预算软约束的状况。试图从这个角度 ,为国有企业高负债型的资本结构提供一个解释。     

预算软约束下国有商业银行激励机制博弈分析

本文通过建立非对称信息博弈模型,讨论了在国有商业银行政策性负担引起的预算软约束下,作为固定报酬和剩余索取权两种激励方案对作为银行代理人的基层行长的作用。研究发现固定报酬方案并不能对预算软约束下基层行长的经营行为产生激励作用,而剩余索取权方案科学与否的关键是确定考虑政策性负担在内的剩余收益分配比例。     

预算软约束理论下关于我国高校债务问题的分析

高等教育作为准公共物品有着明显的外部性,它在我国的教育事业中占据着重要的位置,而我国高校中普遍存在着预算软约束的问题,其潜藏的债务隐患极可能带来严重的财务危机,将影响社会公共财政的稳定以及经济的正常运行,因此,有必要分析我国高校中普遍存在的预算软约束问题,并提出合理的治理建议.     

预算软约束与政府关联性实证研究

本文以民营上市公司2008-2010年的数据为样本,实证研究了预算软约束与政府关联性之间的关系.研究结果显示:具有政府关联性的民营企业,尽管承担较多的雇员负担,也会获得较多的政府补助,从而产生预算软约束现象;当民营企业承担相同的雇员负担时,具有政府关联性的民营企业则会获得更多的政府补助.     

金融发展、预算软约束与企业投资

本文利用上市公司的数据,实证检验了在我国转型经济的特殊制度背景下,金融发展促进经济增长的微观传导机制是否存在并发挥作用以及影响这种作用发挥的制度性因素。研究结果发现金融发展水平的提高能够减轻企业的融资约束,降低企业投资对内部现金流的依赖性。但是,预算软约束的存在扭曲了国有企业面临的真实的融资约束,使得其投资对内部现金流的依赖程度要明显低于民营企业,并且这种软约束的存在还减弱了金融发展对国有企业所带来的积极作用,产生了“漏出”效应。本文的启示为:在我国转型经济的特殊制度背景下,如果要真正地减轻企业的融资约束,降低市场交易的成本,促进经济的发展,必须从提高金融发展水平和硬化预算约束同时入手。     

政策性负担、预算软约束与大型涉农金融机构激励机制设计

本文应用多任务委托代理模型,分析政策性负担下大型涉农金融机构的预算软约束问题。通过求解政府和代理人(经营者)的动态均衡,提出分离政策性业务和商业性业务、明确商业性涉农金融业务不补贴政策、加强监督等措施,可有效激发代理人的努力程度。     

试论软预算约束对我国银行业不良资产形成的影响

所谓软预算约束是社会主义制度下的一个基本的激励机制问题.国内外学者对此已有比较详尽的研究.     

行为经济视角下小微企业与银行信息不对称及融资路径分析

小微企业是国民经济发展中最活跃的力量,但融资缺口问题长久困扰着成千上万的小微企业,究其原因是银行等金融机构与小微企业间严重的信息不对称。本文尝试从小微企业主体及其管理层的经济行为出发,认为针对小微企业财务信息不完善的特点,通过非财务信息与管理层行为信息的挖掘,可以有效缓解银企之间信息不对称的问题。     

金融消费者保护：行为经济学的理论解析与政策建议

新古典经济学的严密体系有5个重要的基础性假设：完全理性、完全信息、效用最大化、偏好一致性以及自利性假设。行为经济学对这些假设提出了挑战,指出：消费者具有系统性、可预测的行为偏差,新古典经济学的5个假设与现实不符;金融机构会利用消费者的行为偏差谋利,导致竞争非有效;要在传统纠正市场失灵方法的基础上,重视从更深层面上纠正消费者行为偏差;需要结合具体的偏差类型,采取自由放任、政府干预、市场化取向的政府柔性干预等思路纠正消费者行为偏差;为更好地保护消费者权益,需要对金融机构进行行为干预和产品干预,提高信息披露的有效性,推进金融知识普及和金融消费者能力建设。行为经济学动摇不了新古典经济学的统治地位,但其挑战是有力的,对人类行为的认识和解释更加接近于实际,也促进了新古典经济学的发展。我国在加强金融消费者保护的过程中,应支持行为经济学的发展,重视行为经济学研究成果的应用。     

Behavioral Public Finance: Tax Design as Price Presentation

In this essay we review the evidence from marketing research about price presentation of consumer products and discuss how these lessons have been applied—consciously or unconsciously—in the design of the U.S. tax system. Our perspective is that, in most situations, the designers of the tax system attempt to minimize the perceived burden of any given amount of tax collections. We allow, though, that in certain situations an additional goal is to maximize the perceived burden of others. We also investigate how, when the objective is to encourage a particular activity, price presentation may enhance the achievement of that goal for a given amount of tax subsidy. We conclude by addressing the ethical and normative implications of price presentation in the tax system.     

商业年金消费决策的行为经济学分析

商业年金是我国养老保险体系的重要组成部分,虽然近年来我国在政策层面不断推动商业年金的发展,但是我国居民的商业年金需求仍然十分低,存在“年金谜题”现象。本文从行为经济学的视角展开对商业年金消费决策的分析,首先从理论层面阐述了行为因素对商业年金消费决策的影响机制,随后设计调查问卷收集个体数据,从实证层面进行了验证。结果发现,主观概率、心理账户、信息感知、金融素养等行为因素会显著影响个人的商业年金消费水平,其他客观因素如性别、年龄、婚姻状况、风险态度以及收入水平等也会显著影响个人的商业年金消费水平。基于本文研究结果,认为未来商业年金回归保障属性、弱化个人账户概念以及发展保险咨询服务等可以带来商业年金需求的提升。     

经济学中的"理性"思考

从古典经济学出发,全面分析现代经济学,从新古典经济学到博弈论,从行为金融学再到进化博弈理论、新制度经济理论等研究方法,通过分析现代经济学研究方法的演化发展,使我们可以清楚地认识到理性研究在经济学研究方法中从完全理性到弱化理性再到有限理性的不断发展变化。     

National Accounting, Government Budgeting and the Accounting Discipline

National accounting and government budgeting include two kinds of financial reporting that are not influenced by, but have an increasing influence on, the accounting discipline. The government budget has changed, over the last sixty years, from a financial statement that was recognisably part of the accounting discipline to one in which national accounting and government budgeting have the dominant influence. There were early attempts to reconcile national accounting and the discipline but these have largely disappeared. Although the three forms of accounting measure the same phenomena, each is different in fundamental ways, in terms of both relevance and reliability.     

An Examination of Budgetary Inefficiency in Education Using Data Envelopment Analysis

The generally weak association between educational spending and performance is a source of ongoing debate. This study examined size, type and source of educational operating expenditures as potential explanators of this weak relationship. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and publicly available input-output performance metrics, budgetary efficiency was measured across school districts. Budgetary inefficiency was found to be significantly and positively associated with (1) budget size (2) administrative overhead and (3) local revenue accountability. These findings offer a partial explanation for the weak relationship traditionally found between educational spending inputs and performance outcomes. The results are suggestive of how school districts might improve their budgetary goal setting, performance auditing and resource allocation practices.     

DEVOLVED BUDGETARY MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: LESSONS FROM A SHIRE COUNTY

The changing environment of public sector organisations has, in recent years, focused attention on the management processes employed to achieve effective service delivery as economically and efficiently as possible. One approach has been the importation into the public sector ofa number ofprivate sector management strategies and practices, most notably those based on devolved bud- getary management principles. This paper analyses the approach of a large local authority to the implementation of devolved budgetary management, based, in large part, on interviews with line managers to whom budgets were devolved. It examines the process of devolution within the authority and the reactions of line managers to that process. It concludes that while the implementation of truly devolved budgetary management is an important, and perhaps essential, managerial technique in the 'new' local government environment, it should not be implemented in ways which ignore the differ- ences between public and private sector organisations and between different local authority departments.     

有效债务约束的内在制度背景比较分析

本文首先对债务约束的基本概念进行了解析,阐述债务约束的目的、手段以及债务约束的主客体.对于实现有效债务约束的内在制度背景在发达国家与我国之间进行了对比与分析,得出了结论:明晰的产权、完善的公司治理结构、良好的经理人职业道德是实现有效债务约束的内在制度要求.