通货膨胀先行指标和预测方法的国际比较

通货膨胀的准确预测是中央银行货币政策有效实施的一个基础,本文主要研究了先行指标方法在通货膨胀预测中的应用.本文首先研究了几种主要的通货膨胀预测模型,然后对通货膨胀预测模型在部分国家和地区央行的应用进行了比较.     

An Alternative Core Inflation Measure

Abstract. We combine the ideas of the trimmed mean and the Edgeworth index to construct an alternative measure of core inflation named 'Trim of Most Volatile Components (TMVC)'. At each point of time, this measure trims away the components of the price index that have been most volatile in the recent past. Statistical tests indicate that neither the trimmed mean nor the Edgeworth index dominates the TMVC in terms of tracking trend inflation.     

An Alternative Monetary Model of Inflation and Growth

This paper presents a simple model of a monetary economy in which production takes time and is financed by loans from financial intermediaries such as banks. The model is an example of a pure credit economy, but does not contain the contentious Wicksellian construct of a natural rate of interest. Rather, the main determining factor of economic outcomes is the struggle over income distribution between finance (Keynes's rentiers), industry, and labour. The model yields a number of macroeconomic results, some of which are sharply at variance with those obtained in more orthodox or mainstream, models. In particular, a structural long-term Phillips-curve type relationship emerges in inflation-growth space, for some demand-side and monetary policy changes. In addition, the model is also able to identify other circumstances in which the opposite cases of either stagflation or non-inflationary growth can occur.     

Forecasting Australian marriage rates

"The paper discusses the problem of modelling demographic variables for the purpose of forecasting. Two empirical model selection procedures are applied to suggest final form forecasting equations for Australian marriage rates. The suggested models are then assessed by comparing their post-sample forecast performance with that of univariate ARMA-type models of marriage rates which are regarded as approximations to marriage rate final equation models. In this instance the ARMA models are preferred for forecasting purposes. The properties of the ARMA model forecasts are then examined and the modelling strategy is contrasted with the regression method used by Withers."     

Forecasting Australian Marriage Rates*

The paper discusses the problem of modelling demographic variables for the purpose of forecasting. Two empirical model selection procedures are applied to suggest final form forecasting equations for Australian marriage rates. The suggested models are then assessed by comparing their post-sample forecast performance with that of univariate ARMA-type models of marriage rates which are regarded as approximations to marriage rate final equation models. In this instance the ARM A models are preferred for forecasting purposes. The properties of the ARM A model forecasts are then examined and the modelling strategy is contrasted with the regression method used by Withers.     

通货膨胀实时预测及菲利普斯曲线的适用性

本文从实时分析的视角,基于多种退势方法的产出缺口最终估计、准最终估计和实时估计序列,分别构建了四类预测模型对我国通货膨胀率进行预测,分析了产出缺口修正效应和滞后阶数变化效应对通胀预测的影响,并进一步考察了产出缺口在通胀预测中的作用及菲利普斯曲线在通胀预测中的适用性。研究结论表明,通胀率的实时预测效果要明显比基于最终数据的差,其中滞后阶数变化效应对实时预测精度的影响大于产出缺口修正效应;尤为重要的是,尽管在最终数据的预测分析中,产出缺口的引入能够提高通胀率的预测精度,但是在实时预测中,产出缺口没有提供有价值的信息,因此"产出—通胀"型菲利普斯曲线在我国通胀实时预测中并不适用。     

A Comparison of Alternative Exchange Rate Forecasting Models*

This paper compares a number of structural and times-series models on the basis of their accuracy in forecasting the A ustralian-US dollar exchange rate out of sample. Purchasing power parity, forward exchange theory, static and dynamic specifications of both the flexible price and sticky price monetary models, and univariate ARIMA models are considered in the paper. Exchange rate forecasts are generated at horizons of one to four quarters. In contrast to overseas results which support the view that the exchange rate follows a random walk, several models in this study are found to generate forecasts superior to the random walk model.     

Forecasting with the Nonparametric Exclusion-from-Core Inflation Persistence Model Using Real-Time Data

International Advances in Economic Research - This paper contributes to nonparametric forecasting techniques by developing three local nonparametric forecasting methods for the nonparametric...     

International Telecommunications Forecasting: an Investigation of Alternative Functional Forms

This paper provides an investigation of alternative models of international telecommunications traffic for several of the main streams emanating from Australia. Specifically, several alternative functional forms are compared with the standard double-log specification so often used in such studies. The motivation for such a study is twofold. In the first place, the double-log specification generates elasticities that are constant over time. Given the intertemporal changes in the budget share of telecommunications, this may not be a resonable formulation. The second motivation derives from teh need to use the demand models to forecast. Although the double-log model may provide a good within-sample fit, this is no gurantee that it will provide good post-sample forecasts.     

通货膨胀目标法在我国的适应性分析

通货膨胀目标法作为一种货币政策框架,在工业化国家取得很大的成功,在维持物价稳定、促进经济增长方面发挥了积极的作用。虽然该法目前尚不适合我国国情,但并不意味着在我国没有实施的可能性。如果我国不断加大综合的公共部门的改革,提高中央银行的独立性和政策透明度,完善和健全金融市场体系,不断增强金融系统活力,这样,通货膨胀目标法也许会成为一种极具吸引力的选择。     

Causal Relationships in Australian Wage Inflation and Minimum Award Rates*

When variables are correlated in time-series studies, it is often difficult to determine which is cause and effect, and in what sense. This paper applies multivariate time-series tests of causality to Australian wage, price, minimum wage award, labour demand and strike (working days lost) variables for 1953-76. The results provide tentative support for a model in which strikes are exogenous:the size of Arbitration Commission awards is determined by strikes (suggesting that a trade union capture theory of Arbitration Commission regulation may apply):money wages are determined by minimum wage awards; and the demand for labour variable (measured in this paper by the ratio of actual to potential output) is determined (in a negative relationship) by money wages.     

我国通货膨胀与产能过剩并存现象分析

2007年以来的通货膨胀受到了社会广泛关注,同时我国还面临着通货膨胀与产能过剩并存的矛盾,这是由多种因素叠加引起的.化解产能过剩与通货膨胀并存的矛盾需要从产业结构优化升级、扩大内需、统筹城乡发展、理顺资源价格体系和促进资本市场稳定健康发展等方面着手.     

Experimental Evidence on Alternative Environmental Valuation Methods

Experimental methods are central to assessments of environmental valuation approaches that are operationally meaningful. Existing lab experiments focus attention sharply on the neglect of hypothetical bias. They also offer constructive solutions to correct this bias, and beg for validation in field experiments.     

经济责任审计评价方法体系探究

由于我国经济责任审计起步较晚,当前经济责任审计评价中存在许多问题.为解决这些问题.特提出"以责任链分析为指导思想,模糊层次分析法为基本方法,经济责任审计评价软件为应用平台"的经济责任审计评价方法新体系,以期有助于提高我国经济责任审计评价的逻辑性、综合,生和科学性,进而促进计算机辅助审计在经济责任审计中的运用.     

An Australian Housing Model*

A 13-equation model is developed which captures the essential economic features of the housing industry in Australia. The importance of speculative builders and investors is recognized. Empirical results are presented for two key equations. The asset price of existing dwellings (including land) owned by persons is explained by a portfolio choice or generalized asset adjustment model. This asset price then feeds in as a determinant of new private construction, along with construction costs of new dwellings, financial variables and a measure of demand-supply imbalance.