实物期权研究综述

实物期权近几年一直是比较前沿和热门的课题,对于实物期权的研究也不在少数。本文根据前人的研究成果,分别从实物期权的概念、实物期权的类型以及实物期权的应用研究三个方面对实物期权进行综述。     

实物期权与金融期权之比较

本文从标的资产、有效时间、执行价格、定价方法、隐蔽性、关联性等方面来比较实物期权与金融期权的差异,以此做出科学的决策,最终提高在进行管理时运用实物期权理论的准确性。     

兼有亚式期权和指数期权特性的新型经理人期权模型

本文剖析了经理人股票期权激励中凸显的问题,结合亚式期权和指数期权的特点,构造了一种改变收益结构的新型期权,并推导出该期权价值的近似解析式;最后,模拟实证分析指出该模型较其他模型有着较好的激励效果。     

实物期权理论评述

期权定价理论应用到实务投资领域之后,实物期权理论研究方兴未艾,但尚未形成严密的理论体系.本文追溯了期权理论的演进,综合了期权理论的核心思想和理论基础,总结了实物期权的基本假设、应用逻辑、特征、分类和建模方法,比较了实物期权分析与其他传统工具,回顾了国内外的研究现状,并指出未来研究的关注点.     

局部型幂型期权

幂型期权因其设计简单、权利金低等特点成为众多投资者追逐的对象.面对投资者不同的需求,并结合幂型期权的特点,本文设计出了一种创新幂式期权—局部型幂式期权,并给出了相应的定价公式,通过比较发现局部幂型期权的权利金更低,更容易得到投资者的青睐.     

国内外股票期权比较与借鉴

国内股票期权与国外股票期权相比,在薪酬结构、设计的目的方面都表现了相同的特点,在期权所需股票的来源、期权的受益对象、期权所代表的权利、授予和行权时的支付、期权所代表的收入方面表现了不同的特点,通过分析相同及不同点,提出了改革股票期权的激励标准,使之高于以往的固定价格股票期权计划、实施指数化价格期权两种对策,希望对我国的股票期权发展有所帮助。     

经理人股票期权激励模型研究综述

本文对近年来国内外经理人股票期权激励的研究成果进行了较为详细的分类综述。重点对标准期权、亚式期权和指数期权的激励特点和潜在问题进行了分析和评述。     

西方国家股票期权制度剖析

股票期权产生于十九世纪下半叶，股票期权的本质是在公司的经理人员与公司的长远利益之间建立一种相关关系。美国的股标期权分为激励股票期权和非法定股标期权。股票期权制度的优点是：1、锁优秀人才于公司；2、促使公怀的经理人员为公司的长远利益而奋斗；3、提高的经理人员的福利；4、缓和“劳资”关系。股票期权运作中需要解决股票期权重新定价、股东权益被“稀释”、规模与效率的权衡以及税收优惠等问题。     

美国股票期权激励的经验和启示

内容提要:我国股票期权薪酬激励的实践刚刚起步,而美国有着丰富的实践经验和理论研究。本文介绍了美国在1990年代期权薪酬盛行的几个原因:将股票期权激励视为强调股东价值的一个新重点、公司治理的变化、牛市、管理人员的寻租、税收和会计规则的影响、基于“可观察成本”的决策。21世纪后美国的期权激励开始下降,这一趋势可以从关于期权费用化的会计准则的改革、信息披露要求更加透明、严格、熊市的来临和期权的脆弱性、期权激励的负面效应不断凸现、期权激励对不同行业、不同发展阶段的激励效果不同等方面加以解释。最后作者根据美国经验谈了几点对中国期权薪酬激励实践的启示。     

基于期权理论的企业融资方式选择

期权与期权定价 （一）期权基本理论 概述期权（Option）是指期权卖方在收到一定费用之后,承诺给期权买方在一份特定的期限内（美式期权）或特定的到期日（欧式期权）以特定的价格从期权卖方购买（看涨期权）或卖给期权卖方（看跌期权）一定数量相关标的资产的权利而非义务的合约。     

Option Momentum

This paper investigates the performance of option investments across different stocks by computing monthly returns on at-the-money straddles on individual equities. We find that options with high historical returns continue to significantly outperform options with low historical returns over horizons ranging from 6 to 36 months. This phenomenon is robust to including out-of-the-money options or delta-hedging the returns. Unlike stock momentum, option return continuation is not followed by long-run reversal. Significant returns remain after factor risk adjustment and after controlling for implied volatility and other characteristics. Across stocks, trading costs are unrelated to the magnitude of momentum profits.     

The Quality Option and Timing Option in Futures Contracts

Often futures contracts contain quality options whereby the short position has the choice of delivering one of an acceptable set of assets. We explore the implications of the quality option on the futures price. We develop a method for pricing the quality option for the general case of n deliverable assets and provide numerical illustrations of its significance. Even when the asset prices are very highly correlated, this option can have nontrivial value, especially when there is a large number of deliverable assets. We analyze the impact of the timing option and its interaction with the quality option. A procedure is developed for valuing the timing option in the presence of the quality option, and some numerical estimates are obtained.     

Expected Option Returns

This paper examines expected option returns in the context of mainstream asset-pricing theory. Under mild assumptions, expected call returns exceed those of the underlying security and increase with the strike price. Likewise, expected put returns are below the risk-free rate and increase with the strike price. S&P index option returns consistently exhibit these characteristics. Under stronger assumptions, expected option returns vary linearly with option betas. However, zero-beta, at-the-money straddle positions produce average losses of approximately three percent per week. This suggests that some additional factor, such as systematic stochastic volatility, is priced in option returns.     

Option overlay strategies

Option overlays on a rebalanced portfolio are designed. Inputs to the design problem are the physical and risk neutral probabilities at the option maturity. They are estimated from time series and option data, respectively. The objective for the design is the bid price of a two price economy modelled as a distorted expectation. The design is monotone increasing in the underlier with a delta constraint. The option positioning is implemented on the S&P 500 index, supposedly rebalanced every 21 days with option positions taken 10 days prior to a rebalance date with a maturity near two months. Option overlays are seen to raise performance measures and reduce drawdowns.     

On Option Pricing Bounds

The purpose of this article is to compare the Perrakis and Ryan bounds of option prices in a single-period model with option bounds derived using linear programming. It is shown that the upper bounds are identical but that the lower bounds are different. A comparison of these bounds, together with Merton's bounds and the Black-Scholes prices in a lognormal securities market, is presented.     

对股票期权的思考--股票期权在我国企业的适用性研究

起源于美国的股票期权制度在其本土已经得到了较为广泛的应用，我国在这方面也进行了积极的探索，一些企业也进行了实践。但股票期权究竟是否适合我国的情况呢?本将以主板市场为基础，通过对股票期权的实施条件的分析来对其在我国企业的适用性进行研究。     

Jackknifing Bond Option Prices

Prices of interest rate derivative securities depend cruciallyon the mean reversion parameters of the underlying diffusions.These parameters are subject to estimation bias when standardmethods are used. The estimation bias can be substantial evenin very large samples and much more serious than the discretizationbias, and it translates into a bias in pricing bond optionsand other derivative securities that is important in practicalwork. This article proposes a very general and computationallyinexpensive method of bias reduction that is based on Quenouille's(1956; Biometrika, 43, 353–360) jackknife. We show howthe method can be applied directly to the options price itselfas well as the coefficients in the models. We investigate itsperformance in a Monte Carlo study. Empirical applications toU.S. dollar swap rates highlight the differences between bondand option prices implied by the jackknife procedure and thoseimplied by the standard approach. These differences are largeand suggest that bias reduction in pricing options is importantin practical applications.     

澳大利亚国民银行外汇期权损失案

澳大利亚国民银行(NAB)外汇交易丑闻造成3.6亿澳元的损失,并最终导致董事会主席与总裁的双双辞职。有评论说离层的变局只是这家澳大利亚最大银行的一系列重整和内控行动的开始。