STATISTICS IN THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

This survey paper gives an impression of the main ways in which statistics is used in disciplines such as sociology and psychology. After an introductory section 1 the negative image of social science research is discussed in section 2. Section 3 is devoted to the enormous influence of modern computing facilities. Measurement of human behaviour has its specific problems (section 4). The use of linear and log–linear models is the topic of section 5. Latent variables are a basic concept for social and behavioral scientists, both in some linear models (section 6) and in item response theory (section 7). In the next section multidimensional and optimal scaling techniques are mentioned, and a selection of other topics is the content of section 9. Some general remarks on the generalizability claim of statistical methods constitute the final section. Because of space limitations and priority considerations, the author has decided to write a paper about topics and not about individual research contributions. For this reason there is no list of references (it would take several pages) and no painful split of all Dutch authors into those mentioned and those omitted. In general the Dutch research community has made quite a few major contributions to the area discussed in this paper.     

已建工程加固中加大截面的措施

加大截面法是在钢筋混凝土受弯构件受压区加混凝土现浇层,可增加截面有效高度,扩大截面面积,从而提高构件正截面抗弯,斜截面抗剪能力和截面刚度,起到加固补强的作用。     

基于征税目的不动产价值批量评估体系研究

通过分析物业税税基批量体系建立的原则,提出了构建批量评估体系的思路;并以居住物业为例阐述了其具体方法和模型的应用。该方法和模型在实践中是有效的。     

长大隧道洞口浅埋段施工技术

京包高速公路德胜口隧道出口段为大跨浅埋软弱围岩段,选用合适的进洞方案对保证隧道施工安全和快速进洞有重要意义,文章就该条件下隧道洞口段进洞施工方案进行介绍。     

山区公路交通流特性分析与评价

首先由观测数据确定代表车型的运行速度,采用实际路段调查得到的运行速度作为评价指标,分析山区公路的交通流运行状况,然后通过实地调查采集山区公路典型断面的交通流数据,统计交通量、交通组成以及不同车型运行速度的分布情况,并通过分析交通组成以及车速连贯性和离散性等直接影响道路交通安全的因素,对事故多发路段的交通流运行状态特征进行分析和评价。最后,选取京昆高速公路某典型路段,对该路段的交通流特性进行分析与评价,可为相关工作人员提供借鉴和帮助。     

输电线路导线截面选择的优化设计

合理选择导线截面可以提高输电线路运行的经济性,促进降损节能。分析了按发热条件、按电压损耗条件、按经济电流密度等三种截面选择方法,并通过实例计算结果对比说明现行的按经济电流密度法选择的截面是偏大的。最后,设计了一种新的截面优化选择方法,实例计算结果验证了该方法是正确有效的。     

新旧国家标准图样画法的比较

对新旧国家标准中视图、剖面图和断面图、剖面区域表示法等的图样画法进行了详细比较,指出了新旧国家标准在上述诸方面的异同。     

新余市山南井田含煤沉积环境与聚煤规律

以山南井田安源组大禾山段为研究对象,分析安源组大禾山段含煤地层的沉积特征及其沉积环境,指出安源组大禾山段主要形成于山麓相-冲积相-沼泽相-泥炭沼泽相,建立其聚煤模式。     

Second moments of estimates of outstanding claims

We begin by considering the lack of methodology for obtaining second moments of outstanding claims in non-life insurance (sections 1 and 2), and give some arguments as to why this lack is to be deprecated (section 3). We suggest that part of the reason is the lack of generality of the models and methods currently in use in claims analysis, and we suggest further that some unification might be achieved through regression analysis (section 4). The claims analysis problem is formulated and solved in terms of regression methods (sections 5 to 8), estimates of both first and second moments of outstanding claims being obtained. Two specific examples of the recommended regression procedures are presented algebraically (section 9). One of these is extended to a numerical example (section 10). The paper concludes with some general observations (section 11).     

多式联运下工程合同管理研究——浅谈多式联运经营人风险的防范

多式联运下,经常发生多式联运经营人在向货主赔偿之后向区段承运人追偿的情形。实践中,区段承运人通常会以其为多式联运经营人的代理人,或者实际区段承运人的代理人而非区段承运人的身份而逃避责任,这就为多式联运经营人的追偿带来了麻烦。从实践中存在的问题出发,分析发生上述问题的原因,进而提出在现有制度下识别"承运人"与"代理人"的各种标准,最后提出避免问题发生的办法,以期对多式联运经营人提供帮助。