农村集体土地产权调查中地块编号方法的实践与研究

在对目前土地产权调查和地籍测量中地块编号方法分析的基础上,结合农村土地产权调查中地块编号方法的实践应用,提出一套符合现代地籍管理需要,便于现代数字测绘和地籍数据库建设和地籍管理信息系统建立的地块编号的方法。该方法共计10个级别21位数字。用该方法表达层次清晰,涵盖了丰富的地块信息,其缺点是位数较长,不便于操作,亦未考虑宗地的时间因素,存在一定的局限性。     

基于工作流和ARCSDE 技术的地籍管理信息系统设计与实现

研究目的：研究采用工作流和ArcSDE技术建立地籍管理信息系统,明确系统设计原则,确定系统设计路线,并建设功能模块。研究方法：以杭州市地籍管理信息系统建设为例,构建C/S、B/S结合等三层混合体系架构,采用宗地内部标识和时间维度实现宗地关联与历史回溯等关键问题。研究结果：（1）基于ArcSDE和工作流技术,采用C/S、B/S结合的三层混合体系架构,能很好地满足图文一体化地籍管理的日常应用需要;（2）将城、乡地籍管理业务数据统一管理和地籍日常业务审批自动化紧密结合,实现了城乡一体化数据图属关联和实时更新。研究结论：基于工作流和ArcSDE技术较好地解决了日常地籍业务办公与地籍空间数据动态管理同步和城乡一体化管理问题,具有较广泛的应用意义。     

Geometrical data validation in 3D digital cadastre − A case study for Victoria,Australia

Data ambiguity and invalidity can cause significant expensive issues in the cadastral domain (e.g. legal disputes). An automated data validation can significantly help to reduce the potential issues. Quality assurance has been comprehensively investigated in various domains, however, the validation of 3D cadastral data is still in its early development. The availability of various regular and irregular shapes for 3D cadastral objects and modern building designs has resulted in a critical need for developing validation rules to ensure data validity and quality.The land registry in Victoria, Australia, is investigating the technical requirements for implementing a 3D digital cadastre. The study of 3D cadastral data validation requirements has been part of this ongoing investigation. This study is being undertaken in three main phases including 1) developing geometrical validation rules, 2) developing non-geometrical validation rules, 3) implementing an online service to validate 3D cadastral data.This paper aims to discuss the initial outcomes of the first phase of the aforementioned study which has focused on developing geometrical validation rules for 3D cadastral objects. The paper reviews the development of four geometrical validation rules which have been formalised using mathematical expressions to check the individual 3D parcels and their relationships with adjoining or neighbouring parcels. The first validation rule checks the compatibility of the cancelled parcel against the created parcels. The second rule deals with parcel collision detection which is required for flagging unacceptable intersection of 3D objects. The third rule ensures the faces forming a 3D parcel are flat. The fourth validation rule assures 3D objects are watertight. The paper concludes with a discussion around the impacts of the proposed validation checks on the subdivision process and future research for the Victorian 3D digital cadastre.     

Development of 3D underground cadastral data model in Korea: Based on land administration domain model

Underground space is being considered as a sustainable development resource, especially in heavily urbanized areas such as Seoul, in Korea. However, regarding 3D underground property, uncertainties and gaps exist between cadastral system and real property registration system. In Korea, cadastral system is able to deal with only 2D surface parcel, on the contrary, real property registration system is able to register and manage legal status of 3D underground properties. The mismatch between these two systems causes various types of problems for underground properties such as a vertical boundary disputes between aboveground and underground ownerships, administrative confusion and dual-compensation problems for new underground construction, reconstruction and haphazard development for underground space due to the lack of systematic registration procedure. In order to overcome these problems, this research proposes a 3D underground cadastral data model, which is associated and integrated with classes in ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) developed by the Technical Committee 211 of the International Organization for Standardization. The proposed 3D underground cadastral data model comprises two packages: 3D underground parcel package, and 3D underground surveying and mapping package. It would support a better service for land administration by providing reliable and accurate spatial information on 3D underground property. In order to validate the proposed 3D underground cadastral data model, the prototype is developed and implemented in real-world situation for the first time. The proposed 3D underground cadastral data model can register various types of 3D underground properties including architectures such as shopping mall, public walkway, parking lot, and etc., and civil infrastructures such as subway, road, water supply, sewage, common utility tunnel, and etc. The results show that the proposed 3D underground cadastral data model could be applicable for other information system such as land valuation and taxation system, urban planning system, construction and facility management system.     

基于任务协同的房地登记数据整合模式研究

研究目的:针对当前不动产登记数据多源异构、数据量大等特点,探索一种以土地登记数据为基础,依据宗地管理单元(地籍区、地籍子区)从空间上对数据整合区域进行剖分、基于任务协同和不动产单元的房地登记数据整合方法,解决房地登记数据难以高效率、自动化、流程化整合的问题。研究方法:利用协同理论搭建房地登记数据整合框架,利用实证分析法验证提出的数据整合技术方法。研究结果:提出了基于任务协同的房地登记数据整合方法,构建了房地登记数据整合框架,解决了数据匹配、任务推送等关键问题,进行了基于徐州市房地登记数据的房地登记数据整合应用实践。研究结论:房地登记数据是不动产统一登记数据整合的难点,以宗地管理单元对数据整合区域进行剖分、基于任务协同和不动产单元的房地登记数据整合技术,能够高效实现房地登记数据集成,对构建房地登记数据整合长效机制具有重要意义。     

Measuring quality performance of cadastral survey and deeds registration work processes

When land parcel boundaries are surveyed for purposes of registration in most southern African countries, the cadastral survey records and diagrams prepared have to be examined and approved by the Surveyor General first before they can be registered in the Deeds Registries. For such records to be approved, their quality must conform to requirements stipulated in relevant acts and regulations. Where regulatory requirements are not met, the records are rejected and returned for corrections and resubmission. From a cross-organizational context, poor quality documents lodged upstream have the effect of congesting examination processes downstream as records are rejected and returned backwards due to quality failure. The paper proposes a quality performance measurement model to analyze quality performance in land administration work processes. The developed model is tested on 2 survey examination and approval sites and 3 deeds registration sites in Namibia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Based on below expected quality results obtained at one of the sites, a root cause analysis was conducted to establish recurring and underlying causal factors upon which quality improvement strategies can be built on.     

论地下空间立体一级开发制度的构建

研究目的：基于地下空间立体开发趋势及其制度创新需求,构建立体空间一级开发制度,以期为地下空间开发的实践问题解决提供思路。研究方法：文献分析法、对比分析法。研究结果：由于地下空间开发具有不确定性、复杂性、渐进性、不可逆性等特征,预先确定产权边界并划分三维宗地极为困难;由于制度建构的维度之别,现行土地一级开发难以容纳地下空间立体开发情境的一级开发需求。研究结论：区分土地空间与建筑空间,沿着工程手段实现地下空间建设用地使用权客体特定化的方向,将三维地籍管理理念引入地下空间开发,从法律地位、实施主体、资金来源和管理流程等方面构建立体空间一级开发制度,以化解地下空间三维宗地划分技术难题和行政管理制度困境。     

地籍宗地时空数据库中的变化检测

研究目的：针对地籍时空数据库中不同时期的宗地数据无法判断其变化类型的问题,探索研究一种能够准确检测出不同时期宗地发生的变化信息并进一步进行数据挖掘的方法。研究方法：对地籍时空数据库中的宗地数据采用增量信息提取算法提取出不同时期宗地数据之间的增量信息,并通过模式识别分析出其各种变化类型;通过ArcGIS二次开发设计一个变化检测系统,自动完成其检测过程。研究结果：通过该变化检测系统检测出的两个时期之间的宗地变化信息准确无误。研究结论：通过ArcGIS二次开发地籍数据库变化检测系统,能够准确提取宗地数据的变化数据,通过分析宗地的变化信息并进一步进行数据挖掘,对地理国情监测与土地利用决策有着重要意义。     

基于GIS与Internet/Intranet的长春市城市土地利用潜力评价系统设计

介绍了基于GIS与Internet/Intranet技术,以规范性、实用性等为基本原则,以宗地属性数据库和宗地地价数据库等为信息来源,依托于LandCada信息系统平台的城市土地利用潜力评价系统,并对关键的软件支持、网络环境以及数据库设计等进行了系统的研究.该系统采用面向对象程序设计语言开发,通过可视化和程序函数的设计,实现数据统计查询、地价计算、潜力评价和专题图制作等功能.并具有动态性、实用性、探索性等特点.     

A structured framework for 3D cadastral data validation − a case study for Victoria,Australia

There are a wide variety of cadastral objects, ranging from simple 2D entities such as a land parcel, to complex 3D objects such as multistory/multi-owned buildings. The complex infrastructures development happening above and below the ground complicates the processes required for defining rights, restrictions and responsibilities in 3D (3D RRRs). Even in the current, predominantly, 3D analogue cadastral system which relies on 2D drawings and representations, defining 3D RRRs is still a complicated task. With the widespread use of 3D geospatial information technologies, it is increasingly becoming easy to realise and interpret a 3D digital cadastre system. As part of the process of transition from the 2D representation of cadastre towards a 3D digital cadastre, not only will 2D representations be replaced with 3D models, but the examination workflow and its principles also need to be able to manage 3D models. Developing principles and validation rules is a critical requirement to guarantee that the diverse cadastral data is trustable and contains enough detail to define the spatial and legal extents of ownership. This paper proposes a structured framework to define validation rules for 3D cadastral models. The paper’s methodology utilises a case study approach where a plan examination process in Victoria, Australia has been analysed to investigate the principles of examining cadastral plans, and further expanded on for validating 3D digital plans. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the proposed 3D validation rules and proposes future research within the topic of 3D cadastral data validation.     

农村集体土地所有权调查确权相关问题探讨

本文在分析农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证相关资料的基础上,结合工作实际,从国家政策、土地管理法规、城镇化进程、地籍调查确权、遥感、勘界、测绘等多角度探讨了在现有技术条件下如何开展农村集体土地所有权的调查确权工作,同时,对调查确权工作中的相关技术问题进行了详细的分析,并提出了切实可行的解决方法。     

立体综合用地宗地价格评估方法研究

研究目的:研究具有多权属、多用途特性的立体综合用地地价评估方法。研究方法:文献评述法,数学模型法。研究结果:分析了影响立体综合用地价格的影响因素,设计了由综合基准地价、用途、地价空间分配决定的立体综合用地宗地价格评估方法。研究结论:立体综合用地宗地价格评估方法,可用于宗地地价评估,亦可应用于不同用途、不同权属、不同楼层的地价分摊。     

三维地籍形态分析与数据表达

研究目的：建立三维地籍模型,描述三维地籍产权体并兼容二维地籍宗地,实现不同维度土地权属的统一管理和登记。研究方法：结合中国城市发展的实例和地籍管理需求,分析三维地籍基本形态,比较各类三维空间数据模型。研究结果：提出适应三维地籍管理功能需求的三维地籍空间数据模型及其相应的数据自动组织方法和思路。研究结论：三维地籍通过地理空间坐标这个“基因”来管理不动产,为土地和房产的统一登记提供了统一的技术框架,是对现行不动产管理技术的升级和超越。     

Towards integration of 3D legal and physical objects in cadastral data models

Digital 3D cadastres are often envisaged as the visualisation of 3D property rights (legal objects) and to some extent, their physical counterparts (physical objects) such as buildings and utility networks on, above and under the surface. They facilitate registration and management of 3D properties and reduction of boundary disputes. They also enable a wide variety of applications that in turn identify detailed and integrated 3D legal and physical objects for property management and city space management (3D land use management).Efficient delivery and implementation of these applications require many elements to support a digital 3D cadastre, such as existing 3D property registration laws, appropriate 3D data acquisition methods, 3D spatial database management systems, and functional 3D visualisation platforms. In addition, an appropriate 3D cadastral data model can also play a key role to ensure successful development of the 3D cadastre.A 3D cadastral data model needs to reflect the complexity and interrelations of 3D legal objects and their physical counterparts. Many jurisdictions have defined their own cadastral data models for legal purposes and have neglected the third dimension, integration of physical counterparts and semantic aspects.To address these problems, this paper aims to investigate why existing cadastral data models do not facilitate effective representation and analysis of 3D data, integration of 3D legal objects with their physical counterparts, and semantics. Then, a 3D cadastral data model (3DCDM) is proposed as a solution to improve the current cadastral data models. The data model is developed based on the ISO standards. UML modelling language is used to specify the data model. The results of this research can be used by cadastral data modellers to improve existing or develop new cadastral data models to support the requirements of 3D cadastres.     

Prediction of the purchase cost of agricultural land: The example of Côte-d’Or,France

The goal of this study is to develop an estimation procedure for the purchase cost of agricultural lands that are not necessarily on the market. To do so, we implement the first stage of the hedonic price method to estimate the price of agricultural lands that have been the object of real estate transactions. We work at the original scale of the parcel. The estimation results are then employed to predict the price for agricultural lands that have not been the object of transactions. This stage needs the construction of explanatory variables at the level of entire parcels. To reduce the acquisition cost of information, we focus on the French administrative department of Côte-d’Or (8,763 km² and 983,116 cadastral parcels). We show that the predictor proposed by Meulenberg (1965) best suits our dataset.     

利用城镇地籍数据快速构建城市三维模型的方法

研究目的:利用2DGIS中城镇地籍数据信息快速建立城市三维模型。研究方法:首先对城镇大比例数据进行归类,提取适合三维建模的点、线、面要素,然后对要素进行重新组织,利用ArcScene,依据三维表达的要求,对地形背景建立DEM并与DOM叠加处理,界址点、控制点等点状地物建立三维独立地物符号库,一般建筑物按高度进行拉伸,而对标志性建筑物采用三维建模软件按二维轮廓进行精细模型制作。研究结果:成功地对某市大比例尺城镇地籍数据进行三维可视城市三维模型构建。研究结论:利用2DGIS中城镇地籍数据信息建立城市三维模型方法可行有效,有利于推进三维地籍的发展。     

重庆市燕坝村农地流转中的土地管理问题研究

研究目的：通过对重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转中存在问题的研究,探讨土地流转情形下如何有效地管理农用土地。研究方法：文献资料法、访谈及田野调查法。研究结果：总结了重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转的特点,分析了农地承包经营权流转中存在的问题。研究结论：合理推进农用地承包经营权流转需要开展村地籍调查,编制村级土地利用规划,还需探索土地流转新形式及保障措施。     

论区分建设用地使用权

研究目的:依据《物权法》对地上、地下空间权利区分设立,以明晰权属、准确登记。研究方法:借鉴建筑物区分所有权的理念,通过楼面地价充分体现土地价值,建立专有部分使用权与成员权的复合型法律关系,用建筑面积与高程的组合,构建区分建设用地使用权。研究结果:通过分析与建筑物区分所有权、建筑用地使用权的关系,明析区分建设用地使用权的地位。通过对地籍调查方法的细化,解决区分建设用地使用权实际操作中的问题并举例说明。研究结论:区分建设用地使用权的提出对地上、地下空间权利的设立填补了实际操作中的空白,与现在的法律法规、国家标准紧密衔接,对研究土地空间利用的不动产管理问题具有积极探索的意义。     

The Cadastral triangular model

Successful economies rely on effective land administration systems. A key contributor to land administration is the cadastral system and its support for the ongoing definition of boundaries that support secure property rights and effective land management.Cadastral systems are complex and typically have significant differences in legislation, regulation and survey practices between jurisdictions. And yet the high-level objectives of a cadastral system tend to be essentially the same the world over. Comparisons of cadastral systems in different jurisdictions can easily become focused on the technical, legal, or implementation differences. This can obscure commonalities and opportunities to develop common strategies for the efficient maintenance and development of cadastral systems.Changes in technology have significantly altered the way that cadastral boundaries can be marked and located in the real world and then represented or visualised on maps or plans and in databases. The rate of take up of these technologies, and the form of that take up, varies between jurisdictions.A conceptual model to explore the complex relationships between different representations of cadastral boundaries has been developed. This model, which has broad application, is known as the Cadastral Triangular Model (CTM). The CTM is a valuable tool to explore and resolve complex issues facing cadastral systems, for example proposals for the evolution of 3D cadastres. This paper describes the CTM, how it can be used and identifies further applications of this model to address contemporary issues confronting cadastral authorities.     

基于城镇地籍数据三维建模的城镇低效用地调查研究

［目的］文章以江西省某县中心城区为例，利用城镇地籍数据构建一种快速调查低效用地的方法，为实现城镇用地粗放低效利用向精明高效利用转变。［方法］首先根据建筑物三维属性开展城镇三维建模； 然后结合GIS三维可视化、空间分析等方法识别低效用地； 最后采用单因子评价法进行低效用地类型判定。［结果］（1）Ⅰ类低效用地的分布与城镇建设程度有关，主要分布在建设程度弱的区域； （2）Ⅱ类低效用地受布局混乱影响，造成周边建设用地割裂，影响土地的综合利用； （3）Ⅲ类低效用地大部分远离城镇中心区域，“粗放式”的土地利用模式导致土地利用强度不达标。［结论］盘活城镇低效用地是现实需要，基于城镇地籍数据三维建模的低效用地调查方法，减少了内、外业工作量，提高了调查效率与可视化程度，为城镇低效用地调查提供一种新技术与方法，有助于增强城镇核心功能，实现土地集约节约利用。