On the structure of Pareto optimal cake partitions

We study Pareto optimal partitions of a “cake” among n players. Each player uses a countably additive non-atomic probability measure to evaluate the size of pieces of cake. We present two geometric pictures appropriate for this study and consider the connection between these pictures and the maximization of convex combinations of measures, which we studied in Barbanel and Zwicker [Barbanel, J.B., Zwicker, W., 1997. Two applications of a theorem of Dvoretsky, Wald, and Wolfovitz to cake division. Theory and Decision 43, 203–207].     

基于Pareto遗传算法的仓库箱装军用物资垛位优化

垛位是否合理是影响后方仓库中箱装军用物资供应保障能力的一个重要因素。首先根据后方仓库中箱装军用物资堆垛优化原则和储存策略,建立了基于收发频率和同一性原则的多目标优化模型—箱装军用物资垛位优化数学模型;然后通过分析模型,提出采用Pareto遗传算法对垛位优化问题进行了求解,并给出求解的详细步骤;最后选用一个实例进行了应用,证明了该模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

Characterizations of the Pareto and related distributions

In this note, a class of Pareto distributions is characterized based on the Shannon entropy of k-record statistics. As a consequence of that characterizations of the uniform and exponential distributions are given. Received: October 1999     

我国城市规模分布Pareto指数测算及影响因素分析

本文用OLS方法测算我国各省、三大区域以及全国的城市人口规模分布和经济规模分布Pareto指数(1997年、2000年和2003年),对Pareto指数进行跨区域和跨时间的对比分析,并实证分析我国城市规模分布的影响因素。分析表明,我国的城市规模分布显著地服从Pareto分布,并具有明显的结构性特征。工业化、产业结构以及运输能力对城市人口规模分布具有显著影响,而工业化和运输能力则是影响城市经济规模分布的重要因素。     

次优和非最优的一般分析:方法的创新

本文运用理性预期思想和随机等价方法开拓性地研究了资源配置的效率,包括帕累托最优（无约束帕累托最优和有约束帕累托最优）和非帕累托最优。基本结论是,一个资源配置中所有商品价格波动的总方差等于零等价于在二阶条件具备下其处于帕累托最优状态,也等价于资源配置满足无约束条件下的怕累托最优条件或有约束条件下的帕累托次优条件;而总方差大于零等价于资源配置处于非帕累托最优状态;总方差与资源配置中期望价格的比值越小,则这个配置的效率越高,反之,则越低。最后,设计了一个“信息逐步披露的预期帕累托改进”模型,讨论了非帕累托最优配置的改进途径及其政策含义。     

股权分置改革与公司治理结构的完善

随着我国经济转型和资本市场的蓬勃发展,公司治理的重要性日益凸显。合理的上市公司治理结构将在很大程度上保证我国证券市场和整体经济的健康发展。文章探讨了股权分置的由来以及股权分置改革的历程,介绍了公司治理的相关理论,重点阐述了股改对完善公司治理的重要意义。     

国际分工格局下的中国制造业与外资引入

文章首先概述了中国制造业的发展特征,在中国制造业日益纳入国际分工的格局下,对制造业的比较优势进行了实证分析,在此基础上明确分析了中国制造业"世界制造中心"的定位和国际竞争力,最后阐述了制造业在对外开放中外资引入的选择性吸收策略。     

行政区划调整与城市发展变化——以1990年-2005年时间段为例

行政区划是我国城市布局和建设的重要手段.建国以来,在关于市制建设的行政区划调整模式上,我国先后经历了"切块设市"、"整县改市"、"地市合并"以及"撤县(镇)设区"等,不同模式的行政区划调整.这直接导致了我国城市面积的不断扩大和城市人口的逐年增加.从行政区划调整的角度出发.基于对相关城市统计数据的分析.研究了1990年以来,行政区划调整对我国地级市和直辖市的数量、面积和人口的影响,试图发现行政区划调整在我国城市发展和城市化进程中所起的作用.     

城市居住空间分异与住区规划应对策略

针对当前我国大城市开始出现的不同收入阶层居住空间分异的趋势 ,从理论上分析了居住空间分异现象产生的机制 ,并对这一现象引发的社会效果进行了分析 ,从城市住区规划的角度提出了若干应对策略     

Record values from generalized Pareto distribution and associated inference

In this paper, we derive exact explicit expressions for the single, double, triple and quadruple moments of the upper record values from a generalized Pareto distribution. We then use these expressions to compute the mean, variance, and the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of certain linear functions of record values. Finally, we develop approximate confidence intervals for the location and scale parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution using the Edgeworth approximation and compare them with the intervals constructed through Monte Carlo simulations. Received: June 1999     

Transaction Costs,Option Prices,and Model Risk in Fair Value Accounting

This paper examines the reliability of option fair value estimates in the presence of transaction costs. The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) framework assumes zero transaction costs and thus might not provide a reasonable approximation in this context. We investigate the model adjustments companies make to their BSM models to deal with these transaction costs. We specifically examine Employee Stock Option (ESO) plans listed on the French stock exchange, as detailed disclosure on modeling is available for these ESOs. Our analysis questions the reliability of these model adjustments, especially their bias and the extent to which they provide a faithful representation of option fair values. Holding parameter values constant, we find that the model adjustments lead to a median understatement of 52% compared to the BSM model price, higher than the discount we observe for the opportunistic determination of model parameters (below 20%). The paper contributes to the fair value literature by highlighting model risk in the fair valuation of options. This model risk stems from assumptions made about the size of transaction costs and complements the notion of parameter risk analyzed in previous literature. As a result, the model itself might be a possible channel for fair value management.     

国有企业实行主辅分离面临的问题及对策

文章指出,通过主辅分离、辅业改制安置富余人员是国有企业改革的一项创新,它充分利用了改制分流的政策,有针对性地理顺分离企业的“3个关系”,即产权关系、劳动关系和隶属关系,以达到实现精干壮大主业、开放搞活辅业的目标。     

制度背景、投资理性与公允价值推广

论文研究了我国公允价值推广的制度背景环境及其受到投资者认知局限的困扰。认为公允机制作为会计准则的变革引入市场,必然受到现有市场机制的约束,当这种约束面临投资者决策的认知规律偏误,往往会放大公允价值计量本身的弱点,从而造成市场的过度焦虑和反应。     

Sticky prices, fair wages, and the co-movements of unemployment and labor productivity growth

This paper studies the co-movements of unemployment and labor productivity growth for the U.S. economy. Measures of co-movements in the frequency domain indicate that co-movements between variables differ strongly according to the frequency. First, long-term and business cycle co-movements are larger than short-term co-movements. Second, co-movements are negative in the short and long run, but positive over the business cycle. A New Keynesian model that combines nominal rigidity on the goods market (sticky prices) and real rigidity on the labor market (fair wages) is shown to be quantitatively consistent with the observed co-movements both in the long term and over the business cycle. However, the model fails to explain the short-term co-movements.     

改革开放以来中国城市行政区划变更特征及趋势

根据变革的特征和对城市发展的影响,将中国改革开放以来的城市行政区划变更归纳为三种:撤县设(县级)市;县、市升格或地区改(地级)市;撤县(市)设区。基于时间和空间两个维度的分析,进一步揭示三种行政区划变更的主要阶段及其特征与趋势,并认为行政区划变更是市场化分权改革在城市层面的反映。     

城市公共品供给中各级政府事权与财权的划分

政府在城市公共品供给中需要考虑如何合理划分各级政府的事权与财权.城市公共品的特性是各级政府事权划分的基础,而事权与财权相统一的原则是各级政府财权划分的理论依据.通过对我国城市公共品供给中各级政府间财政关系进行实证研究发现,各级政府在事权划分上存在模糊、重复、越位和缺位的情况,而财权的划分则没有能够实现与相应事权的匹配.因此,需要重新界定各级政府的事权与财权,从而完善政府的城市公共品供给职能.     

A mechanism design approach to an optimal contract under ex ante and ex post private information

This paper applies a mechanism design approach to the problem of an optimal contract when one party has both ex ante and ex post private information. With ex ante private information added to the costly state verification environment, the timing of the contract is important in achieving the first-best investment decision. It is shown that an optimal contract involves precommitment, a feature often observed in many bank loan contracts. An optimal contract thus obtained is interpreted as t he golden parachute, a device providing incentives to managers not to distort the running of a firm to fight takeover bids. In the process of characterizing an optimal contract, the revelation principle is re-examined. Received: 12 April 1996 / Accepted: 3 December 1997     

Randomized response: Estimating mean square errors of linear estimators and finding optimal unbiased strategies

Summary General procedures are described to generate quantitative randomized response (RR) required to estimate the finite population total of a sensitive variable. Permitting sample selection with arbitrary probabilities a formula for the mean square error (MSE) of a linear estimator of total based on RR is noted indicating the simple modification over one that might be based on direct response (DR) if the latter were available. A general formula for an unbiased estimator of the MSE is presented. A simple approximation is proposed in case the RR ratio estimator is employed based on a simple random sample (SRS) taken without replacement (WOR). Among sampling strategies employing unbiased but not necessarily linear estimators based on RR, certain optimal ones are identified under two alternative models analogously to well-known counterparts based on DR, if available. Unlike Warner’s (1965) treatment of categorical RR we consider quantitative RR here.     

Financial openness, financial frictions and optimal monetary policy

Increasing financial integration challenges the optimality of inward-looking strategies for optimal monetary policy. Those issues are analyzed in an open economy where foreign net lending, and the current account, are determined by a collateral constraint. Durables represent collateral. The current account features persistent imbalances, but can deliver a long run stationary equilibrium. The comparison between floating and managed exchange rate regimes shows that the impossible trinity is reversed: higher financial integration increases the persistence and volatility of the current account and calls for exchange rate stabilization. In this context, the Ramsey plan too prescribes stabilization of the exchange rate, alongside with domestic inflation.     

Responsibility, talent, and compensation: A second-best analysis

This paper examines how the first-best models of compensation based on the agents' talents and responsibilities analyzed in some recent contributions can be extended to a second-best context. A few social criteria are proposed and compared to alternative approaches by Roemer and Van de gaer. Received: 5 March 1997 / Accepted: 19 August 1998