产业集聚能否促进制造业企业创新?

提高企业创新能力是转向创新驱动型经济发展模式、建设创新型国家的微观基础.本文基于中国制造业微观企业数据,采用Heckman两步法选择模型,探讨市场机制和政府干预下的产业集聚对企业创新产出规模、企业创新积极性的差异化影响.不区分产业集聚形成背景的研究结果显示,产业集聚与企业创新产出规模之间呈显著倒U型关系,与企业创新积极性之间呈显著U型关系.区分产业集聚形成背景的研究结果显示,政府干预下的产业集聚会降低企业创新产出规模,但没有显著降低企业创新积极性,而市场机制下的产业集聚与企业创新产出规模之间呈显著倒U型关系,与企业创新积极性之间呈显著U型关系.此外,不同背景下形成的产业集聚对企业创新的影响在不同所有制类型和不同技术密集型企业下存在显著差异,并且多样化集聚比专业化集聚更有利于中国制造业企业创新.     

产业集聚、技术创新与城市经济动力

构建一个基于企业内生创新的具有正反馈效应的城市经济动力系统,旨在阐明产业集聚、技术创新与城市经济的关系。产业集聚的确有利于创新的产生,但绝非必然,甚至有时还会由于知识拥挤导致经济停滞。技术生命周期理论可以帮助我们解释产业集聚与创新集聚间的关系。城市提供创新激励,然而因吸收能力不同企业创新绩效也存在差异,这是城市经济差异的重要原因。     

基于创新发展的金华市产业集聚现状与对策

产业集聚的一个最为重要的优势便是其创新的效应,产业集聚实际上也就是一个特殊的区域创新系统。由于产业集聚内的企业和其他机构聚集在某一特定区域内,具有较为丰富的创新条件和环境,各创新行为主体之间的创新活动呈现系统性或网络状,而使得产业集聚和区域创新之间形成特定的耦合关系。产业集聚作为一种区域经济发展的模式,在促进区域经济发展,增进区域创新优势方面具有重要作用。通过实施产业集聚战略,培育区域创新优势,对于金华市经济发展具有重要的现实意义。     

知识产权保护、集聚差异与企业创新

本文通过构建一个包含知识产权保护和集聚溢出效应的企业创新模型,研究了知识产权保护和集聚对企业创新的影响机制及其交互效应,理论分析发现：不同集聚类型对企业创新存在显著差异,多样化集聚比专业化集聚更有利于促进企业创新,并且两种集聚类型对企业创新的影响都呈现倒U型关系;从交互作用看,知识产权保护会对集聚的技术溢出效应产生调节效应,当集聚的技术溢出包含较多模仿侵权和抄袭行为时,知识产权保护增强会降低集聚的技术溢出效应。采用中国微观企业数据检验发现：一是知识产权保护和多样化集聚会促进企业创新,而专业化集聚会抑制企业创新;二是知识产权保护对多样化集聚存在负向的调节效应,而对专业化集聚的调节效应不显著;三是异质性考察发现,集聚更有利于技术密集型企业创新,对劳动密集型企业反而会抑制企业创新;四是进一步分析发现,多样化集聚能够通过技术传播和技术合作实现技术溢出,并且能够提升企业创新收益,而专业化集聚的这两种技术溢出途径都不显著,同时会降低企业创新收益;五是从创新质量角度看,多样化集聚会提升企业的创新质量,而专业化集聚会降低企业的创新质量。本文的研究能够从知识产权保护体系建设和产业空间布局的协调上对促进企...     

催化·搭桥·根植·外部性--金融生态环境与产业集聚的可持续发展分析

金融生态从外部整体上反映了金融服务业对于产业的集聚和发展具有至关重要的作用,而产业集聚也会有利于金融生态环境的优化.金融服务业通过对经济资源的整合与引导作用,以催化集群内部企业的合作创新、吸引优质资本加入、克服创新中的机会主义倾向等形式推动制造业、物流业和相关服务业等形成产业集聚良性循环;同时,产业集聚通过正的外部性作用、建设优质金融客户群、注重信誉的地域根植、提供金融资产更宽泛的良好应用环境来优化金融生态环境,最终形成两者的可持续发展形态.     

保险产业集聚效应及其竞争力探源

产业集聚反映着保险业市场主体的价值链上下游整合与空间布局关系。由于保险业产业自身特性及国际金融以混业经营为其主流，国际上很少形成单一的保险业集群，保险业集聚寓于金融集聚之中；又由于传统保险业的技术专用性较低，故而保险业产业价值链比较简单，保险业的地域集中具有优于保险业前后向整合，打通产业链的竞争优势。保险业集聚有利于产品业务创新，业务外包和保险产业资产结构轻型化，可从根本上提升整体产业的竞争力。     

中小企业集群合作创新研究

当前中小企业集群成为我国中小企业发展的一种重要模式。由于中小企业自身能力有限,合作创新是中小企业开展创新活动的首选方式。一、中小企业集群合作创新的研究背景麦克尔·波特把中小企业集群定义为同一产业的中小企业以及该企业的相关产业和支持性产业的中小企业在空间上的集聚,并形成强劲、持续竞争优势的现象。中小企业集群是产业发     

集群式产业创新的空间集聚效应分析

在伦德瓦尔、麦勒特等对创新与地理联系研究的基础上,构建创新模型,利用实证方法,研究产业的空间集聚对产业创新的影响。结果表明创新主体间结网互动、更好地利用外部创新资源对企业技术创新有利,创新主体间的空间集聚有利于区域产业的创新。     

发展我国高科技产业集群的对策

我国的大部分高新区大多数是通过提供土地和优惠政策来吸引企业进区而形成的空间集聚。这种集聚仅仅是地理上的集中,缺乏技术创新优势,并没有形成真正的产业集群,没有真正形成企业及各类机构的网络合作体系。如何发挥高技术产业集群的技术创新优势这是高技术产业生存的关键,也是提高我国技术水平的最佳出路。具体来讲可以从以下三个方面进行探讨。一、实现机制创新,为高科技产业集群发展提供必要条件1.高科技产业集群的机制创新首先表现为政策创新。要实现政策创新,第一位的应该是思路的创新,即以市场为指导,强调完善的市场机制,依靠市场竞…     

产业集群集聚效应能促进企业创新绩效提升吗

产业集群集聚效应是指企业集聚过程中知识信息传播、劳动力市场共享、企业间投入产出关联和良好的匹配机制等产生的外部经济促使生产效率提高的现象。集聚效应对集群内企业创新绩效具有重要影响。搜集武汉市生物医药核心企业技术合作数据,构建了一个5年期的持续合作网络。以结构嵌入性维度衡量产业集聚程度,研究其对企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明,中介中心度和聚簇度对技术创新产生了巨大促进作用,结构洞限制度削弱了企业技术创新能力。当前,武汉生物医药产业集群网络的中介中心度和聚簇度对企业利润创造作用未达到预期,结构洞限制性进一步降低了企业经济产出。结合武汉市生物医药产业集群网络结构特征和发展现状,提出应大力支持处于中介连接地位的专业平台型企业建设,提高合作质量,扩宽合作领域。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。