基于系统调整与发展分析方法的三峡库区生态农业产业化发展路径优化研究——以开县为例

生态农业产业化是三峡库区农业发展的必然选择,也是农业可持续发展的现实要求。为了实现库区生态农业产业化更好更快地发展,需对其发展路径进行优化。首先阐述了生态农业产业化的内涵,之后结合库区开县生态农业产业化发展的现状,运用系统论中的SAD模型分析了制约开县生态农业产业化发展的主要因素,在此基础上提出了优化三峡库区生态农业产业化发展路径的对策。     

生态文明建设与企业绿色责任的辩证思考

党的十七大确立了生态文明建设为全面建设小康社会的新目标。企业绿色责任是其社会责任传承文明的全新体现。企业履行绿色责任,是建设生态文明,走可持续发展道路的必然要求;是顺应社会绿色消费潮流和绿色市场发展的必然选择;是企业自身实现永续发展的重要保障。生态文明建设与企业绿色责任的时代特征可从生成路径的内在性、历史任务的现实重叠性、推进方式的耦合性来认识。在推进策略上应注重全面性,以培育和发展生态经济为着力点;应注重可持续性,把培育和发展生态文化作为抓手;应注重协调性,以建立正确的利益导向机制为着力点。     

Endogenous property rights regimes, common-pool resources and trade

A model is developed where opening to trade affects a dynamic common-pool resource stock and welfare through a community's voting decision to institute a property rights regime regulating the stock. The model finds that resource stock levels can decline even when a Markov perfect equilibrium path for labor and property rights regimes are chosen to maximize welfare. Thus, opening to trade can be welfare maximizing even when resource stock declines. Experimental results show that under certain conditions, subjects briefly follow a Markov perfect equilibrium path for property rights regime choice but labor allocations are myopically chosen indicating that some resource dynamics may be considered by subjects.     

Schooling,fertility and the labour market experience of married women

This paper discusses the role of formal schooling and child rearing in the determination of career path choice of women in the US. Data were collected from the adult educational component of the 1991 US National Household Education Survey. Data are available for about 12,568 respondents, of whom 6860 are female. It is established that, amongst others, expected earnings significantly affect the career path and the hours of work chosen by American women. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions have been drawn: 1) expectations of earnings affect women's choice of career path, including decisions such as labor market participation, the part-time work versus full-time work decision, and occupational choice; 2) the indirect and indirect effects of schooling and other variables on regime choice has been studied; the impact of schooling and fertility on women's labor supply follows an intuitively plausible pattern; 3) evidence provided here on the private rate of return to education confirms the findings of Bland that part-time workers do not receive a lower return than others; and 4) the importance of correcting for endogeneity and sample selection biases in the problem of earnings determination and career choice has been established.     

The impossibility of a weakly path independent Paretian liberal

This paper shows that the conflict between two well cherished values related to moral and political philosophy, namely the Pareto optimality and the libertarian principle, cannot be resolved as long as a social choice function is required to satisfy a rationality-consistency condition which ensures some kind of path independence, however, weak.     

Punishment paths and cartel size

Using a ‘Dominant-group-fringe’ model, we show that the choice of a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) punishment path in the event that unilateral defection occurs depends upon the common discount parameter, and that when the discount parameter is given the punishment path may depend upon the size of the dominant group. The choice of punishment path is thus endogenous. A striking result is that only for sufficiently small dominant groups in sufficiently small industries are there cases where costs affect these choices. Consequently, costs are irrelevant to the choice of punishment in industries with a large number of firms.     

技术资源优势、系统集成能力与“低端锁定”突破的实证研究

发展中国家通过比较优势进入国际化分工,在实现自身快速发展的同时,也陷入价值链"低端锁定"陷阱。基于模块再集成视角,将企业技术资源优势分为技术潜能和创新资源,将系统集成能力作为中介变量,将"低端锁定"突破路径分为同种模块再集成和异种模块再集成,研究技术资源优势、系统集成能力对"低端锁定"突破路径的影响。实证结果表明,技术资源优势,即技术潜能与创新资源优势,对突破路径选择发挥正向影响作用;系统集成能力对突破路径选择发挥正向影响作用;技术资源优势对系统集成能力发挥正向影响作用。由此,企业应通过整合及运用技术资源提高自身系统集成能力,利用模块再集成路径突破"低端锁定"。     

发展我国战略性新兴产业的路径及其对策研究

近年来,发展战略性新兴产业成为世界各国走向经济复兴的重要选择,这些新兴产业正在推动人类进入一个绿色发展的新阶段。在文献整理的基础上,文章通过借鉴国际战略性产业的发展经验,梳理国内产业背景,解析战略性新兴产业发展的路径,由此提出培育战略性新兴产业的措施建议。     

Path Dependence,Behavioral Rules,and the Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Change: The Case of the Automobile Industry

This paper develops a complementary theory of path dependence based on rigidity resulting from the choice of management system within the firm. Rules-following behavior introduces rigidity which can lead to inefficient path dependence within a firm. Entrepreneurial alertness, in a crisis, can prevent lock-in from occurring since it leads people to alter perceptions and change behavior. An empirical look at the automobile industry explores the idea of rules-following behavior inducing path dependence development and the potential for change despite inefficient path dependent behavior.     

Endogenous rationing,price dispersion and collusion in capacity constrained supergames

This paper examines the feasibility of collusion in capacity constrained duopoly supergames. In each period firms simultaneously set a price–quantity pair specifying the price for the period and the maximum quantity the firm is willing to sell at this price. Under price–quantity competition firms are able to ration their output below capacity. For a wide range of capacity pairs, the equilibrium path providing the smaller firm with its highest stationary perfect equilibrium payoff requires that it undercut its rival’s price and ration demand. Furthermore, for some capacities and discount factors supporting security level punishments, price shading and rationing arise everywhere on the set of stationary perfect equilibrium paths yielding (constrained) Pareto optimal payoffs. That is, price shading may not only be consistent with optimal collusion, it may be a requirement of optimal collusion.     

循环经济:我国农业现代化的必然选择

农业现代化是我国经济发展的基础和关键，实现我国经济可持续发展的必然道路是走循环经济之路。循环经济与农业发展紧密相连．推行循环经济对于实现农业现代化具有重要意义。本文通过对我国农业现代化现状和问题的分析．提出了发展农业循环经济“点-线-面-体”的道路选择。     

新时期欠发达地区乡镇债务化解的路径选择——浙江省青田县乡镇实现“零负债”的经验与启示

欠发达地区的乡镇债务问题，成为影响当前新农村建设和社会稳定的重大政治经济问题，已到了非解决不可的地步。在对概念界定和现状描述的基础上，从制度层面分析了乡镇债务形成的原因，总结了青田县乡镇在实现“零负债”过程中的成功经验，希冀其背后所折射出的执政价值理念、机制路径选择及政府职能定位三方面给予我们有益的启示。     

低碳房地产发展战略与路径研究——基于上海某公共租赁房的实证

在低碳经济发展的大背景下,房地产行业既是重要的支柱产业又是碳排放大户,探索其低碳发展的战略与路径有着重要的理论及实践意义。文章从政策引导与制定、经济扶持补贴、低碳技术创新、产业完善整合、低碳行为宣传等战略角度,研究低碳房地产发展路径的选择,得出合理的结论,并提供某房地产项目的成功实践经验。研究成果不仅可为低碳产业的发展提供重要的理论依据,而且为房地产低碳实践提供案例参考。     

中国式现代化进程中着力推进高质量发展的系统逻辑

在中国式现代化进程中,中国经济必须摆脱传统数量型增长的路径依赖,着力推进高质量发展,才能缓解社会主要矛盾,实现经济持续健康稳定的发展。在中国式现代化进程中,着力推进中国经济高质量发展的系统逻辑包括历史逻辑、价值逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑和政策逻辑五个维度。从着力推进高质量发展的历史逻辑出发,主要矛盾的转化决定了中国经济发展模式必需从数量型经济增长向高质量发展转型。推进高质量发展的价值逻辑要求建立以质量为发展目标的价值判断体系,形成现实价值与终极价值相结合的价值判断体系。推进高质量发展的理论逻辑是中国经济高质量发展的最优路径选择,而最优路径选择应是符合价值逻辑要求的经济系统、自然系统和社会系统三大系统之间质量的耦合与互动。最优路径选择在微观、中观和宏观层面又具体表现为微观质量、中观质量和宏观质量三位一体的实践逻辑。着力推进高质量发展的政策逻辑的关键在于建立以创新驱动政策、结构协调政策和质量变革政策为核心的政策体系。     

Sustainable exploitation of a natural resource: a satisfying use of Chichilnisky’s criterion

Chichilnisky’s criterion for sustainability has the merit to be, so far, the unique explicit, complete and continuous social welfare criterion that combines successfully the requirement of efficiency with an instrumental notion of intergenerational equity (no dictatorship of the present and no dictatorship of the future). But it has one drawback: when applied in the context of renewable resources, and with a constant discount factor, there exists no exploitation path that maximizes this criterion. The present article suggests a way to cope with this problem. The idea is to restrict attention to the set of convex combinations between the optimal discounted utilitarian program and the stationary program leading to the green golden rule. It is shown that an optimal path in this set exists under rather weak sufficient conditions on the fundamentals of the problem. Some ethical properties of this approach are also discussed. In some cases, it turns out that the restricted solution implies no loss of efficiency and benefits intermediate and infinitely distant generations.     

An alternative approach to income taxation

We take an alternative approach to income taxation in this paper. We view the income tax schedule as the outcome of a voting process, rather than the optimal choice of a “benevolent social planner”. We show that it is very likely for majority voting to lead to the adoption of a regressive income tax schedule, depending on the per capita government revenue requirement and the mean productivity of the population, which is in sharp contrast with the result derived from the traditional “benevolent social planner” approach to income taxation; and that given the adoption of a regressive income tax schedule, the income tax schedule would become less regressive as the ratio of the per capita government revenue requirement over the mean productivity of the population increases. Our work might shed some light on both the prevalent adoption of regressive state tax systems and the cross-state difference in terms of tax systems.     

Foreign aid,leisure–effort choice,and economic growth

Using an endogenous growth model, this paper examines the growth and welfare effects of foreign aid in the recipient economy. The emphasis is on the incentive factor of the effort–leisure choice. Besides financing public services, part of the aid is transferred to the public. This increases individual wealth, thereby providing less incentives to individuals for human capital acquisition, but with more leisure. Thus, foreign aid may not always help the growth and welfare of the economy. Taking this incentive factor into account, we further study the issue on aid allocation in achieving the highest levels of growth and welfare. Along the balanced growth path, aid allocation for welfare maximization is different from that under growth maximization.     

Choosing a future based on the past: Institutions,behavior, and path dependence

Institutions do not always produce behavior consistent with what theory predicts, leading comparative scholars to turn to explanations based on historical or cultural exceptionalism. Context can influence not only how an institution performs but also the very choices of institutions that societies choose to govern themselves. In this paper, we construct a model that produces contextual effects that result in institutional path dependence. In doing so, we provide formal foundations for qualitative arguments that context matters and identify a contributing causal mechanism: behavioral spillovers. Using both mathematical and computational techniques, we show that spillovers provide a mechanistic explanation for how pre-existing institutions affect the performance of new institutions as well as the optimal choice among institutions. We find that these spillovers can depend on either the set or the path of previous institutions. Both results support qualitative arguments that historical institutional contexts influence outcomes in current institutions. Importantly, the spillovers depend not only on the outcomes produced in the institutions but also on the specific behavior that produces the outcomes. As a result, we show that institutions that create diverse ensembles of behaviors generate better outcomes and less path dependence than those that cause all agents to converge on the identical strategy.     

同群效应对创业路径选择的影响

通过分析典型案例探究了同群效应对创业路径选择的影响机理。研究发现:同群者的流动经历和创业经历对创业者的创业认知和创业资源的整合能力具有积极作用;同群者中的家庭成员即强连带关系促使创业者选择创新型创业路径,而同群者中的组织成员即弱连带关系促使创业者选择模仿型创业路径。     

Pairwise kidney exchange: Comment

In their recent paper, Roth et al. [Pairwise kidney exchange, J. Econ. Theory 125 (2005) 151-188] consider pairwise kidney exchanges, and show within this subset of feasible exchanges that a priority mechanism is strategy-proof. We show that this result can be broadened to allow much more general mechanisms and restrictions on the feasible set of allocations, including allowing three-way exchanges, regional specifications, and others. The key requirement is that the choice mechanism be consistent, i.e., if an allocation is chosen from some set of feasible allocations, it is also chosen from any subset of that set.