地勘单位精细化财务管理初探

地勘单位的财务管理中存在对精细化财务管理的重要性认识不足、营运资金管理水平、成本费用核算水平不高、预算的编制和管理不到位、财务人力资源作用发挥不充分等问题。因此地勘单位必须通过转变财务管理理念、提高资金营运效率,强化成本核算的精细化程度、加强地质项目核算和控制、细化财务岗位设置和分工、推行全面预算管理等具体的精细化财务管理的措施来加强和改进地勘单位的财务管理工作。     

浅谈加强内部会计控制制度建设

文章阐述了内部会计控制的含义,通过近年来企业发生的涉及会计违法违纪案件和各有关部门对企业审计检查的结果以及地勘单位内部会计控制制度建立健全的情况,分析加强内部会计控制制度建设的必要性,从明确内部会计控制的目标、建立健全和加强内部会计控制制度的监督管理,使制度、措施真正落实到位等方面探讨如何加强内部会计控制制度建设。     

会计信息的真实性与地勘单位内部核算探析

造成地勘单位会计信息失真的原因有会计准则、制度本身的不确定性、外部环境影响和内部制度不健全 ,以及会计人员素质问题。从地勘单位内部会计核算现状分析 ,由于地勘单位性质独特和会计核算方法选择具有不确定性 ,会计核算复杂化 ,会计基础工作薄弱 ,财务管理制度不健全 ,责任会计和财务会计合体运行等造成了会计信息失真。解决的方法是 ,推进会计电算化、减少会计核算主体单元、健全统一的核算制度     

谈谈地勘单位事企分体运行应注意的几个问题

地勘单位事企分体运行是地勘单位初级改革的需要、自身发展的需要、内部管理科学化的需要和建立现代企业制度的需要。当前地勘单位在分体运行过程中还存在着观念陈旧、认识不到位及事企关系不清、权责不明等问题。地勘单位真正实现事企分体运行应注意处理好观念、名称、财产、投入、人员、分配、社保、账务和进人等九个方面的问题。     

会计信息的真实性与地勘单位内部核算探析体制创新带来的活力——以云南地矿建设工程有限公司为例

造成她勘单位会计信息失真的原因有会计准则、制度本身的不确定性、外部环境影响和内部制度不健全，以及会计人员素质问题。从地勘单位内部会计核算现状分析，由于地勘单位性质独特和会计核算方法选择具有不确定性，会计拔核算复杂化，会计基础工作薄弱，财务管理制度不健全，责任会计和财务会计合体运行等造成了会计信息失真。解决的方法是，推进会计电算化、减少会计核算主体单元、健全统一的核算制度。     

浅谈地勘单位应收账款的管理

当前地勘单位应收账款净额逐年加大,影响了正常的经营活动,使财务费用和管理费用增加、经济效益降低、形成了潜在亏损。地勘单位应收账款产生的原因既有内部管理问题也有外部环境问题。加强地勘单位应收账款的管理,应从加强制度建设、事前控制、运用法律手段、合理执行会计制度等方面入手。     

地勘单位投资管理存在的问题及其对策

加强投资管理,规避投资风险,从而取得最大的投资收益是地勘单位财务管理的主要内容。目前,地勘单位投资管理存在的主要问题是:投资方式单一,投资范围狭窄,盲目上马多种经营投资缺乏创意,规模小,效益差,管理跟不上,决策制度不健全,法制观念淡漠,盲目求大,责任不明,缺乏约束机制。解决这些问题需要解放思想,改变观念,建立和推行决策责任制,进一步加强内部控制。     

地勘单位应收账款形成原因及解决对策

地勘单位的应收账款是地勘单位的资产和债权,目前地勘单位在应收账款管理中尚存在着缺乏风险意识、缺乏严格的合同管理、领导不重视、内部制度不健全、财务部门责任心不强、考核机制不够健全等问题。解决这些问题,应采取如下对策:增强风险防范意识,强化对合同的管理,健全内部控制管理体系,严格财务管理,提高领导干部对债权的再认识。     

对企业内部会计控制建设的思考

企业内部会计控制制度是现代企业管理的一项重要制度,对于保护单位财产、检验有关会计资料的正确性和可靠性、提高经营效率具有重要意义。本文对有关内部会计控制制度建设的几个问题做了初步探讨。     

浅谈林业苗圃内部会计控制的构建

加强内部会计控制建设是解决单位内部控制弱化和管理松弛的有效措施,《会计法》和《内部会计控制规范》对各单位内部会计监督制度和内部会计控制建设都作出了明确的规定。贯彻《会计法》,加强财务会计管理,就是要认真研究和制定符合本单位业务特点的内部会计控制制度。林业苗圃     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.