浅析非货币性资产的公允价值

非货币性交易即物与物的交换，这种交易不涉及或只少量涉及货币性资产（即补价），因此最关键的会计问题应该是资产的计价问题，在非货币性交易中，资产价值的确定是一个不可回避的难题，公允价值则是非货币性资产计价的重要依据，也是非货币性资产价值组合的主要组成部分。     

资产评估与会计关系的研究

资产评估与会计的关系,是近年来学者讨论的热门话题,也是在资产评估准则制定中应当注意的一个问题。对此,笔者对二者关系进行了研究,力图探讨资产评估与会计的联系和区别。     

工程定额计价与清单计价边缘走向的相互渗透

随着我国工程建设的发展以及社会发展的需求,在工程定额计价方面必然要发生较大的变化。目前我国在工程建设项目中普遍采取的是定额计价和清单计价,这两种计价方式对于推动我国工程建设来说具有重要的作用和意义。在工程建设中,定额计价和清单计价属于不同的计价方式,两者既有联系又有区别。总体来说,它们对于工程项目建设的作用意义重大,有助于工程建设的改革与发展,提高工程项目的建设质量,规范建筑市场,增加工程项目的效益。本文首先分析了实行工程量清单计价的两大要素,然后说明了定额计价与清单计价的边缘走向。     

论资产计价对企业会计利润的影响

财政部在2006年的时候颁布了新的企业会计准则，从其实施情况来看，在很大程度上提高了会计信息质量，改善了会计工作效率。本文就对资产计价对会计利润的影响进行分析。     

略论保险资产的确认与计量

保险资产,是指过去的交易、事项形成并由保险企业拥有或者控制的资源,该资源预期会给保险企业带来经济效益。保险企业从外界(主要是被保险人与股东)取得各种经济资源(如保费与股本)之后形成保险资产,保险资产及其收益是被保险人获得偿付、股东获取股利的基础与来源。本文通过对保险资产计价方式的研究,对一般公认会计原则与监管会计原则应采取哪种计价方式,采用不同计价方式应用哪种办法进行协调,资产的不同计价方式对我国保险企业所面临的利差损问题有什么重要影响等问题进行探讨,希望能对当前的保险会计理论研究有所裨益。     

刍议图书馆图书类资产入账问题

本文首先介绍了目前图书馆图书类资产以实际成本入账的情况,分析了不同类别图书类资产入账后存在的问题,提出了应该区别于其他行业,进行理论创新,在图书类资产入账时,采用适合图书馆行业特点的计价原则与标准。     

刍议图书馆图书类资产入账问题

本文首先介绍了目前图书馆图书类资产以实际成本入账的情况,分析了不同类别图书类资产入账后存在的问题,提出了应该区别于其他行业,进行理论创新,在图书类资产入账时,采用适合图书馆行业特点的计价原则与标准。     

资产与费用关系辨析

资产与费用是会计的两大核心要素,二者在确认和计量上存在明显区别和紧密联系,但是随着我国新准则的实施,资产负债观理念深入推进,会计要素动静态转化趋势明显,资产和费用区别日益缩小,联系更为紧密,为满足未来对二者的确认和计量,亟需快速提升我们会计人员的判断估计能力,客观上也推动了财务业务一体化.     

资产评估中资产的涵义的界定

资产评估是市场经济中不可或缺的公正性中介行业。作为资产评估的客体——资产,是资产评估理论中的一个重要的基本概念,其涵义的界定,直接影响资产评估理论与评估实践。本文通过分析比较资产评估中的资产与会计学、经济学、法学中的资产的区别与联系,以探讨资产评估中资产的特征,并参考国际评估准则对资产涵义的界定,阐述了笔者对资产评估中资产涵义的看法。     

售后融资租赁中资产计价之我见

售后租赁交易是一种将自有资产出售后再向买方租回的交易。在这种交易中，卖方同时是承租方，买方同时是出租方。售后租赁按与租赁资产所有权相关的风险和报酬是否发生实质转移分为售后融资租赁和售后经营租赁两种。本文讨论售后融资租赁中承租方租入资产的计价问题。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.