Causes of ammonia plant shutdowns survey V

The onstream factor for large tonnage ammonia plants has plummeted to 80.8 percent as inventory control and feedstock curtailment cause almost fifty percent of total downtime.     

Problems with leakages at large flanges in the BASF new ammonia plant

Leakage from large diameter flanges had occurred several times in a new 1360 t/d ammonia plant. One such incident resulted in a large fire. The causes of this incident are examined.     

Anhydrous ammonia explosion in an ice cream plant

Causes and consequences of the explosion where firefighters and an employee barely escaped death or serious injury in December 1983.     

Metallurgical examination of existing piping in an ammonia plant

Based on their previous problems and recent experiences at other ammonia plants, Columbia Nitrogen decided to inspect all high alloy piping containing hydrogen to determine if proper metallurgy had been used in piping and welds.     

Introduction to expert systems and potential ammonia plant applications

A conceptual approach for applying expert systems to ammonia plants, on an off-line basis, is discussed. These systems can be used for plant problem diagnostics, operator training, safety studies, and risk analysis.     

HAZOP-proof ammonia plant: A new way of defining a safe and reliable design

This new technique, which meets interacting design criteria of a 1,800-MTPD ammonia project, offers special safety features and withstands a detailed HAZOP study.     

Operator training for startup

The factors that are important when a major new facility is erected at an existing site and some of the solutions to the problems.     

Integrating weather and spark spread options for valuing a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines

A model that integrates spark spread and weather options in valuing a power plant with multiple turbines is presented. The spark spread option entails the right to operate the plant when it is profitable to run. Weather also affects a plant’s operation. A mild winter inducing a lower heating requirement could decrease the payoff. An owner holding a long position in a temperature-based put option could exercise the option when accumulated heating degree days drop below a strike level of heating degree days. Results demonstrate that integrating spark spread with weather options adds value during a mild winter.     

Various wholesale price equilibria for mobile virtual network operators

In this paper, various equilibria are analyzed according to the leader–follower relationship between vertically integrated incumbents when downstream entries are present. This analysis broadens our understanding of the incentives involved in deciding the wholesale price, which can be applied to explain the different situations of diffusion of mobile virtual network operators in the telecommunications market. Several implications are derived to facilitate effective policy formulation and management.     

学习新《企业会计制度》的几点体会

财政部颁布的新《企业会计制度》,是为完善我国企业会计核算制度、统一企业会计核算标准、提高企业会计信息质量,进一步使我国企业会计制度与国际会计惯例接轨,适应社会主义市场经济和世界经济全球化而制定的。解决了我国现形的条块分割、纷繁复杂、口径不一、互不可比的分行业     

Investigation of damage and repair of a 1000 MTD horizontal ammonia converter

An operational upset caused by a diapharagm failure in the high pressure casting of the synthesis gas compressor resulted in major pressure/flow surges in the synthesis loop.     

An expert system for scheduling production in a multipurpose specialty chemicals plant

A prolog-based system that attempts to duplicate the human expert's approach to short-term scheduling of multipurpose facilities.