The importance of reliable inertisation and grounding of ignition sensitive powder handling systems

A fire occurred in a powder handling facility handling highly ignition sensitive organic powders used as antioxidants for the plastics industry. Fortunately little damage was done and no one was injured. The incident was investigated and the facts examined with conclusions made as to the possible causes. The incident may have been prevented had production management set in place a set of regular controls, carried out by the process operators themselves, to ensure integrity of equipment designed to ensure the safety of the system. This article describes the basics of such a Safety Maintenance and Control (SAMACO) system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009     

Forestalling a serious incident: A detective story

Two low-level dust fires and explosions occurred in rotary dryers in one of our east Texas plants. Although there was no significant damage, the potential for safety or loss incidents initiated a concerted effort to determine the cause. The analytical and explosive hazards efforts showed an iron-adipic compound most probably autooxidized and caused the problem.     

输油管道池火灾灾害的危害分析

分析了输油管道池火灾的危害，利用数学模型对池火灾造成的人员伤害和财产破坏后果进行了计算。通过计算可以预测池火灾发生时任意点处的失效后果，以便采取必要的防范措施。     

Flashback from waste gas incinerator into air supply piping

A waste gas incinerator experienced a flashback with a pressure wave in the Suction Vent Gas (SVG) system. Extensive damage resulted to the SVG flame arrestor, SVG fan, SVG valves, and incinerator piping. There were no injuries. The primary cause of the incident is believed to have been a fuel rich SVG stream that was rapidly introduced into the incinerator creating a “puff.” This “puff” allowed flame from the natural gas ring burner to blow back into the windbox igniting the fuel rich SVG. The combustion of gas in the ducting then created a pressure wave that blew apart the flame arrestor and caused the remainder of the damage.     

Investigation and repair of an auxiliary boiler explosion

On August 1, 1985, an accident occurred at Triad Chemical damaging portions of the primary reformer. The accident was caused by ignition of natural gas pockets which entered the system during attempts to light an auxiliary boiler burner. The article reviews the cause of the accident, the resulting damage, the required repair, and the modifications made to prevent a recurrence.     

石化企业现场仪表雷击风险评估及防雷措施

石化企业安装于野外的现场仪表以及数据传输设备在每年的雷雨季节都会频繁受到雷击损害。分析雷电对现场仪表及传输设备的损害机理,依据国内及国际相关标准对现场仪表进行雷击风险评估,提出有效而节约的防雷措施,将损害减少到最小程度。     

Hydrochloric acid tank explosion

Explosions in hydrogen chloride storage tanks are very rare. However, we have experienced one. The explosion was so powerful that the tank with a capacity 250 kL, 60% filled with 33% HCL, took off from the ground went up to 8–9 m high in air and landed around 50 m away. The contents of the tank sprayed all over the nearby area. Though the tank was surrounded by other plants and equipment, fortunately, it landed in a barren area. This averted loss of life and property that would have otherwise resulted. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009     

Efficiencyv. collusion: Evidence cast in cement

Through the 1970s and 1980s, the U.S. portland cement industry experienced a significant increase in average plant size and market concentration. A simultaneous equation model is developed to examine the effects of plant size and concentration on costs, prices and margins in that industry. The results indicate the presence of significant scale economies, but also show that prices and margins are increasing in concentration. Further analysis shows that almost one third of the cost savings associated with larger plants are passed on to producers through higher margins resulting from concomitant increases in concentration, rather than to consumers as lower prices.     

管道输送天然气泄漏危害的定量分析

以管道输送天然气泄漏情况为模型,计算了气体泄漏以后的扩散范围和泄漏量,对火灾燃烧和爆炸后的伤害范围进行了量化分析,提出了参考风险评价结果确定安全距离,以及将普通玻璃更换为防爆玻璃,建设防护墙等建议。     

钻进油气层监督措施探讨

从油气层渗流空间特性、矿物组成、钻井液及工程等因素分析钻井过程中造成油气层损害的因素,探讨监督在现场应采取的保护油气层措施。以大港油田长芦地区板深51断块为实例,通过采取成膜封堵保护油气层技术,有效降低钻井液中的固相及滤液对油气层的损害,取得明显的经济效果。     

二氧化碳三相泡沫防灭火技术在综放工作面的应用

矿井火灾是煤矿主要灾害之一,严重影响了煤矿安全生产。为了使煤矿安全、高产、高效,结合易燃超厚综采放顶工作面开采特点,通过对二氧化碳物理、化学性质以及惰化,吸附能力等方面进行分析,对比二氧化碳与氮气的灭火特点,研究了利用二氧化碳代替氮气的三相泡沫防灭火新技术,并对二氧化碳三相泡沫的组成、发泡原理、特点、灌浆工艺等内容进行介绍,已将二氧化碳三相泡沫应用于矿井火灾的防治,取得了良好的技术效果和经济效益,为矿井的安全生产起到关键性作用。     

Compensation Structure and Establishment Quit and Fire Rates

Despite the claims of efficiency wage theory, there is surprisingly little direct evidence that firms that pay higher wages have lower turnover rates than otherwise similar firms. This study uses data on 205 child care establishments to examine the influence of wages, fringe benefits, and the dispersion of wages within a skill class on establishment quit and fire rates. We separately examine one high-skill group (teachers) and one lowskill group (teacher aides). While we find that wages (alone) significantly reduce establishment quit and fire rates, the effect seems too small to be consistent with the efficiency wage hypothesis.     

Wage Discrimination, Segregation, and Sex Differences in Wages and Productivity Within and Between Plants

We use panel data on Israeli manufacturing plants to test two explanations of lower wages and lower productivity in plants with a higher percentage of females: (1) within plants women are paid less and are less productive, consistent with no discrimination, and (2) women are segregated into lower-wage and lower-productivity plants. Although the variation in productivity across plants appears to stem from differences in productivity between men and women, the estimates suggest no within-plant wage differential between men and women.     

Lessons learned from a hydrogen explosion in a process unit

Polysar Limited operates a large petrochemical complex in Sarnia, Canada with several plants that produce monomers and synthetic rubber. On Good Friday, April 20th, 1984, there was a hydrogen explosion and fire in the Litol benzene unit of Polysar's Styrene I plant. Two men were killed and two more were injured. Injury and loss of life would likely have been greater had the explosion not happened on a plant holiday. The explosion occurred when the unit was being restarted following a scheduled shutdown for maintenance. The explosion followed the release of about 30 kilograms of hydrogen gas into a compressor shed from a burst flange operating at 4800 kPa (700 psig). The findings of the investigation into the explosion and the actions taken to prevent a re-occurrence are discussed.     

火电施工企业开展QC小组活动的必要性

施工企业质量管理是一门科学,新形势下QC小组活动的开展是火电施工企业质量管理全面提高的强大助推器,火电施工企业开展QC小组活动能够增强员工素质,提高企业管理水平,是企业降本节支,提高效益的主要途径之一.     

Fire at semi-lean pump by reverse motion

The fire developed in an MDEA CO₂ removal system because of switching from one semi-lean pump to another.     

企业电伴热带安全性分析及改进建议

电伴热带安装、验收、使用、维护不规范，给安全生产带来隐患。绝缘损坏、防护不到位，发生漏电、短路，可导致触电、火灾等事故。结合目前油田电伴热带应用现状，分析原因，从技术措施上进行改进，隔离电源为其供电，提高运行可靠性。     

炉篦条消失模铸造工艺优化

炉篦条是冶金设备烧结机上的一个重要零件,对铸件技术要求高,工作面不允许有铸造缺陷,采用消失模铸造生产炉篦条是一种先进、高效的生产工艺。针对原消失模铸造工艺经常出现的夹渣、夹砂等问题以及铸件报废的原因,在对原工艺认真分析的基础上对炉篦条铸件铸造工艺进行了优化:改变铸件浇冒口的设计,将原来的2个冒口向铸件长度方向的中间靠近;将铸件在浇注位置方向上的工作面朝下,以保证工作面的铸造质量;从管理、工艺实施和监督检查方面进行严格控制,消除气孔,保证涂料烘干,防止涂料返潮。通过优化铸造工艺,有效提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。批量生产也证明了优化工艺性能稳定,产品质量可靠。     

火灾事故频发 玩企敲响安全警钟

无论是生产还是生活,安全始终都是放在第一位的,但有些企业在生产过程中,疏于对企业的安全管理,以至于造成难以弥补的损失,原本发展十分平稳的企业,也就因为小小疏忽,淡出人们的视线,成为了他人的反面教材。火灾是企业安全损失的头号大敌,据了解,2008年我国发生火灾13．3万起,其中企业火灾占了七成,直接损失达10多亿元,据公安部消防局网站报道,企业仓储、商场市场发生火灾所占比例呈上升趋势,直接经济损失逐年递增,每年的2月份和9月份为火灾高发时段。玩具生产企业由于原材料多属易燃物品,对于防火安全更加需要重视,进入2009年来,有关各地玩具企业被焚为灰烬的新闻频繁见诸报端,给玩具企业的安全生产和管理敲响了警钟。     

关于目前煤矿火灾防治技术的综述

矿山火灾是矿井灾害中的重中之重。本文通过分析矿井火灾的特点以及火灾治理的现状,综合论述目前煤矿火灾防治技术。