Analysis of diers venting tests: Validation of a tool for sizing emergency relief systems for runaway chemical reactions

A one-dimensional computer model of multiphase, chemically reacting flow has been used to analyze a number of DIERS Phase III venting tests.     

Top executive commitment to the status quo: Some tests of its determinants

Some top executives are more committed to the status quo—particularly to their organization's current strategy and leadership profile—than are others. Most empirical research on upper echelons treats psychological phenomena as a ‘black box’—the unobserved intervening mechanisms—that causes associations between more observable executive characteristics and organizational outcomes. In contrast, this paper attempts to directly examine the determinants of an important element of an executive's psychological orientation—commitment to the status quo (CSQ). We focus on a select set of variables which have been posited in prior research as determinants of executive CSQ, but which have not been directly tested for such a relationship. Based on a large-scale survey methodology, results suggest that an executive's tenure in an industry is a pronounced determinant of CSQ, and has significantly more impact than organizational tenure. As expected, the firm's current performance was found to be positively related to CSQ; this relationship was stronger in high-discretion than in low-discretion industries. Finally, the project reaffirms a well known human tendency: incumbent CEOs tend to believe that their eventual successors should be just like them.     

Buyer animosity in business to business markets: Evidence from the French nuclear tests

Academic studies of buyer reaction to unpopular political events in the country of origin of products have focused on consumer markets. This paper aims to extend Klein, Ettenson and Morris' [Klein, J., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89-101] concept of consumer animosity to industrial markets by comparing industrial and consumer buyer reaction to the nuclear tests conducted by France in the Pacific in the mid-1990s. It investigates whether firms in the B2B sector were affected more than those in B2C markets, whether entry mode was significant, and examines the way in which firms in the two market sectors responded. The results show that buyer animosity was less pronounced in industrial than in consumer markets. They also show that entry mode can influence the experience of animosity.     

Threshold tests for the control of mergers: The Australian experience

Merger policy in Australia has been formulated for a small open economy. Tight merger control has been avoided in order not to impede rationalisation and improved international competitiveness. From 1977 to early 1993 a merger or acquisition was only prohibited if it would lead to a firm gaining a dominant position in a substantial market. As a result, few mergers were stopped and some which would probably have substantially lessened competition were allowed to proceed without detailed investigation. Since January 1993 a threshold test of substantial lessening of competition has applied — a reversion to the test included in the original 1974 Trade Practices Act. This is likely to mean that more proposed mergers will come under scrutiny and the trade-offs between efficiency gains and anti-competitive detriments will need to be evaluated in a greater number of individual cases. New draft merger guidelines released in November 1992 generally reflect contemporary thinking in industrial economics.     

Evaluation of the opportunity cost of the spectrum: Application to the digital dividend

The transition to digital television transmission (DTT) creates an opportunity for revising the current allocation and use of the spectrum, and for enhancing its efficiency. The fairly large amount of spectrum that will be freed up in the analog TV switch-off is known as the digital dividend. Many EU countries have decided to partially allocate these frequencies, through market mechanisms, to mobile use, but a large fraction of the dividend is supposed to remain in the hands of broadcasters. An efficient management of the spectrum requires that the use of this resource should be supported through appropriate incentive policies. This paper presents a techno-analytical approach to evaluate the opportunity cost of using a spectrum portion within the digital dividends’ bandwidths, for example around 800-900 MHz, for both DVB-T and UMTS services, specifically addressing the extraordinary rise in the use of mobile broadband in the European context. The methodology is then applied to Italy to derive a baseline for administered prices reflecting the cost of spectrum use. Results obtained are then compared with existing evidences from other studies and Countries’ experiences.     

Strategy and the environment: A study of corporate responses to crises

This paper describes an empirical study that examines the relationship between the type of external environment in which a firm operates and the repertoire of strategic responses the firm develops to cope with crises. The findings suggest that an executive's propensity to adopt a particular strategic posture depends on his perceptions of how well his firm can control its environment and on the costs of introducing change into the organization.     

A methodology for the construction of dynamic capabilities in industrial networks: The role of border agents

The article presents a methodology for the formation and functioning of industrial networks that favors the development of dynamic capabilities with regard to the creation, integration, transfer and absorption of knowledge. This methodology has been put into practice in a case study: Lignum Facile. The presence of some misalignments between our initial proposal and its implementation helped us reshape and emphasize particular processes and flows associated to the methodology. Beyond the typical localization and agglomeration advantages, the analysis suggests that the success in the formation and functioning of industrial networks is mainly related to their potential to formulate immaterial relationships capable of stimulating learning processes, the dissemination of technological knowledge and innovative activities. Particularly, we found that the inclusion of border agents – intermediaries between the market and industry such as architects, engineers or designers – is fundamental to develop innovations at the intersection of different scientific and technological disciplines.     

醇溶性粘合剂在复合包装上的应用技术

社会的快速发展便人们越来越注重自身的生活环境，提高自身的生活质量，这就要求生产企业在为自己的员工营造个无毒害的工作环境的同时，生产出符合环保要求的产品。当前塑料软包装企业所用的原材料很多都是具有定毒性的物质，其中包括溶剂、油墨、粘合剂等。所生产出的包装复合膜因其含有一定量的有毒物质而可能通过薄膜渗透到内容物中，对消费者存在潜在的危害。     

System modeling of the R&D domain through the object–process methodology: a practical tool to help R&D satisfy its customers' needs

Research and Development is an intricate process involving a host of challenging technological frontiers. This paper presents a practical tool to help R&D personnel satisfy the needs of customers by a systematic evaluation of R&D performance. To establish a sound methodology for R&D performance evaluation, we employ the object-process analysis (OPA) part of the object–process methodology. Using OPA, we gradually expose the constituents of the R&D system, its environment and the interaction between them. Through this systematic top-down refinement, we provide a comprehensive generic view of the R&D domain. The framework presented in the paper allows the user to describe, order, and inter-relate the issues that R&D managers should consider when managing, evaluating and planning R&D. As the approach addresses structure and behaviour in a unified, integrated manner, the analysis provides insights into both the static and dynamic aspects of the R&D domain and establishes a solid basis for its enterprise modeling.     

Forecasting Sales of New Contingent Products: An Application to the Compact Disc Market

Estimating the sales potential of new products before an actual launch is a major problem confronting marketing and new products managers. Several modeling efforts for both new durable products and consumer package goods have been reported. An area which has received little explicit treatment, however, is that of new contingent product sales. A specific case of such products is the close relationship between software (consumables or accessory items subject to repeat purchase), and hardware (the original durable good required for use of the software). Examples of this relationship include video cassette recorders and VCR tapes; microcomputers and floppy diskettes; and cameras and photographic film. In this article Barry Bayus discusses a practical method for estimating hardware and software sales of such products. Effects due to different market segment behaviors, pricing, awareness levels, and purchase intentions are incorporated into the model. Results from a study of the compact disc prerecorded audio market by RCAlAriola are presented in order to illustrate how the model can be applied and how the results are useful in making managerial decisions.     

应用射流理论研究面流消能

本文应用射流理论来解释面流流态的演变过程, 并深入探讨回复底流流态的水流结构、形成机理及其与面流相互转化的条件.     

标准在实验室认可中的应用

分析了实验室认可中出现的不符合项是由于对标准的理解差异,论述了认可过程应做的基础工作,从而减少不符合项的产生,建立标准体系,提高实验室检验能力,顺利通过实验室认可。     

标准化在节能监测中的应用

中原油田分公司技术监测中心节能监测站承担着油田节能系统效率和产品的测试评价工作以及能源审计工作,所有节能监测项目均通过了国家计量认证和国家实验室认可。标准化作为一种有效的手段和途径,可以控制节能监测的整个过程。随     

关于再生塑料用于包装袋的探讨

近年来，由于石油价格的上涨，国内用于塑料包装袋的主要原材料——低密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯等大幅上涨，已超过了历史上的最高价格。原材料涨价使得生产成本提高，给使用新原料生产塑料包装袋的厂家带来了压力。而对再生塑料回收利用，并以此为主要原料生产塑料包装袋的企业却带来了商机。一些商贩，以及个别饭店、酒店在知情或不知情的情况下，开始大量使用以再生料生产的塑料包装袋，甚至直接包装食物，危害了人们的身体健康。因此，本文仅对再生料的一些来源、生产包装袋的过程和鉴别方法进行探讨，供大家参考。     

分形方法在可靠性分析中的应用

讨论分形模型N＝C／r^D在可靠性分析中的应用。文中实例用分形方法处理天然气管道系统可靠性分析和产品可靠度下限分析中的有关问题。     

模糊数学在标准评估中的应用

简述了如何将模糊数学方法应用于对标准进行综合评估的过程;分析了各种类型标准及处在各阶段的标准所具有的特点,提出应选择的评判因素,并结合实例叙述了标准评估的步骤。使用此方法可将各方专家的模糊评价语言进行数学处理,实现了对标准的多方面、多层次的综合定量评估。     

标准化在钻井工程中的应用

对钻井过程中工程设计、钻前工程、钻井工艺、特殊工艺井、井下故障处理、取心工艺、井控和固井完井等工序所涉及的标准进行分析,研究了在钻井生产过程中起到重要作用的核心标准、对技术发展和管理水平具有提升作用的先进标准和能够将科研成果以标准化形式推广应用的标准等内容,并提出了加大重点钻井工程专业技术标准的宣贯力度和加强对标准化管理队伍建设等建议。     

二通插装阀在挤压机上的应用

我厂有一台 16MN卧式挤压机 ,该挤压机 1973年开始安装使用 ,原设计中 ,液压控制系统采用老式分配器 ,由油压单顶缸控制其水阀的启闭 ,结构复杂 ,在 2 0多年的使用过程中 ,故障频繁 ,维修困难。经分析研究 ,二通插装阀具有结构紧凑、工艺性好、流动阻力小、通流能力大、响应快、抗污染能力强、多种机能、变型方便、可以高度集成等特点 ,因此决定采用二通插装阀对该机液压控制系统进行改造。图 1为挤压机穿孔液压控制系统简图。该液压控制系统使用了 18个图 1所示的高、中压分配器 ,64个A型、B型油压单顶缸。单顶缸由一个单独的10 0kg油泵…