央行加息对房地产类上市公司的影响

通过运用事件分析法研究央行加息对房地产上市类公司的影响表明：央行加息是对整个宏观经济过热的抑制，使房地产企业融资的隐性成本上升，提高了运营成本，影响了企业的盈利水平，对房地产上市类公司而言，不但有象征意义，而且有实际作用。     

房地产企业如何选择买壳上市

由于证监会对房地产企业IPO上市一直采取限制政策,房地产企业融资渠道单一,负债率过高,长期发展资金严重缺乏,这成为长期制约房地产企业发展的主要瓶颈。目前宏观经济紧缩,房地产企业发展项目难以为继,房地产发展遇到了前所未有的困难。新年伊始,我国证券市场逐渐转暖,但是上市公司股价仍在低位运行,这给房地产企业控制收购成本、买壳上市、突破政策限制登陆资本市场以及实现长足发展提供了契机     

试论房地产企业融资方式的创新

论文结合我国房地产企业中的融资渠道与方式,针对房地产企业融资存在的问题,探索我国房地产业融资方式创新的途径。在对房地产资产证券化、房地产企业上市融资、房地产信托融资、房地产基金融资等新的融资方式进行了详尽客观的分析的基础上,指出房地产业改变单纯依靠银行贷款和售楼回款的资金渠道,通过选择房地产公司资产证券化、上市融资、信托融资、房地产基金融资等方式筹集资金投入项目当中,缓解来自房地产项目资金需求方面的压力是切实可行。     

房地产上市公司财务杠杆与经营绩效分析

房地产是资金密集型产业。本文基于2014-2018年的财务数据,将房地产上市公司的财务杠杆指标与其经营绩效指标进行比较,旨在分析财务杠杆对房地产企业经营绩效的影响,并试图寻找财务杠杆适度区间。研究表明,财务杠杆过高或过低都不利于提升企业绩效,处于财务杠杆适度区间的房地产企业经营绩效最优。本文也对如何保持适度财务杠杆、拓宽融资渠道提出了建议。     

结构性减税与企业去杠杆

本文基于工业企业数据库的微观企业数据,利用2004年增值税转型的政策变化,使用双重差分模型分析了结构性减税的去杠杆效应。研究发现,增值税转型降低了企业的流动负债率,提高了企业的长期负债率。这一结论在不同类别的企业间存在差异,说明企业去杠杆需要有针对性的减税政策。本文有助于理解减税对企业杠杆率的异质性影响,并为制定具体政策提供经验支撑。     

新经济形势下的房地产融资探讨

企业内部融资策略及外部融资环境使房地产大额资金需求和融资渠道缺少间的矛盾凸显,尤其在国家政策调控期间,有些房地产企业未能够协调好投资与融资,导致资金链断裂,同时引发社会就业、百姓安居等社会问题。本文主要针对我国现阶段房地产的融资现状、融资前景及策略展开探讨,以期在宏观调控背景下优化融资结构,探讨多元融资途径。     

拓宽房地产融资渠道

<正> 一、股权融资 通过上市融资,是房地产企业最经济的选择,但只有少数有实力的大型企业能够做到。目前在我国两万多家房地产企业中只有60多家企业实现了在证券市场上市融资,与1400多家上市企业相比,仅占4%。近几年房地产板块的利润水平一直较差,很难得到投资者认同。虽然开发商数     

房地产企业融资策略探析

资金问题历来都是房地产企业最为关注的问题,现阶段,我国房地产企业主要是依赖于向银行借款融资。随着市场经济的发展和企业融资方式的多元化,房地产企业迫切需要能够在激烈的市场环境中探索积极有效的融资方式。本文阐述了房地产企业融资的影响因素,分析了房地产企业融资所面临的困境,并提出了融资策略。     

利率政策调整的经济背景及其对房地产市场的影响

房地产生产和消费的发展与金融体系关系密切,金融货币政策的调整对房地产市场的运行具有较大影响。本文客观地剖析了央行2004年利率调整的宏观经济背景,分析利率调整对房地产市场发展的影响,以及把握新的货币政策环境下的房地产市场融资策略和未来影响房地产发展的相关要素。     

浅析福州市房地产开发企业财务风险及控制

房地产开发企业是典型的资金密集型企业,其具有开发投资周期长、投资金额大,并受供求关系以及宏观政策影响等特点。房地产开发企业一般要通过财务杠杆融资用于项目开发,而运用财务杠杆就有可能带来风险,如何进行财务风险控制,事关企业的生存与发展。     

An empirical analysis of zero-leverage firms: New evidence from the UK

This paper examines why some firms have no debt in their capital structures despite the potential benefits of debt financing. It adds new insights to this zero-leverage phenomenon by addressing two unexplored questions: Does a firm have zero leverage as a consequence of financial constraints or because of a strategic decision to mitigate underinvestment incentives and preserve financial flexibility? Is the decision to follow a zero-leverage policy affected by macroeconomic conditions? Analyzing a new sample of UK firms over the period 1980–2007, we show that the zero-leverage policy is prevalent but that zero-leverage firms are not homogeneous. There are two distinct groups of unlevered firms with different levels of constraints as measured by their dividend policy, namely payers and non-payers. Importantly, we find new evidence that these groups have different motives for eschewing debt. Firms in the second group (non-payers) have zero leverage mainly due to financial constraints. Firms in the first group (payers) deliberately eschew debt to mitigate investment distortions, as predicted by the underinvestment and financial flexibility hypotheses. Macroeconomic conditions have a significant effect on the zero-leverage decision, especially for this less constrained group.     

Macroeconomic control, political costs and earnings management: Evidence from Chinese listed real estate companies

Firms in China have faced high political costs during China’s economic transition, because they are affected by macroeconomic policies. However, research to date has offered no consistent conclusions on the relationship between political costs and earnings management in China. This study tests whether real estate firms attempt to decrease earnings during periods of macroeconomic control, using variables related to the national real estate market as proxies for political costs. We find that political costs are negatively related to earnings management in listed real estate firms. In addition, we find that non-state-owned enterprises utilized more income-decreasing accruals during this period. Our results are consistent with the political costs hypothesis.     

The international zero-leverage phenomenon

We analyze the zero-leverage phenomenon around the world. Countries with a common law system, high creditor protection, and a dividend imputation or dividend relief tax system exhibit the highest percentage of zero-leverage firms. The increasing prevalence of zero-leverage firms in all sample countries is related to market-wide forces during our sample period, such as IPO waves, shifts in industry composition, increasing asset volatility, and decreasing corporate tax rates. Firm-level comparisons reveal that only a small number of firms deliberately maintain zero-leverage. Most zero-leverage firms are constrained by their debt capacity. Analyzing the time-series dynamics of leverage and investment behavior, we further show that firms which pursue a zero-leverage policy only for a short period of time seek financial flexibility.     

宏观调控与房地产上市公司资本结构调整

本文研究了宏观调控对房地产上市公司资本结构的影响及其资本结构调整方式的变化。研究发现,宏观调控之后,房地产上市公司总负债率显著提高;借款的期限发生了显著变化,长期借款显著增加而短期借款显著减少,但总的有息负债没有发生显著变化;房地产上市公司的贸易应付款显著增加,这是资产负债率显著提高的主要原因。对房地产上市公司宏观调控前后融资方式变化的研究发现,随着宏观调控带来的银行信贷政策的趋紧,房地产企业融资方式出现了多元化,新的融资工具得以出现和发展,金融市场的完全性提高。研究表明,在金融市场不完全和管制环境下,资本结构并不完全是企业自主决策的结果。宏观政策和资本市场供给条件,可能是中国企业资本结构是最重要的影响因素。     

Zero leverage puzzle: Do labour laws matter?

Exploiting the staggered passage of labour protection laws in the United States, we find that higher labour adjustment costs increased the likelihood of observing zero leverage firms by 22%. This effect is significantly larger in states with stronger unionization, in industries with higher volatility and concentration, and in firms with higher labour intensity. Both within-firm changes in debt policies and higher propensity of newer firms to be debt-free are important in explaining these patterns. Overall, our work contributes to the literature on the relation between financial and labour markets by highlighting the role of labour laws in explaining the zero-leverage puzzle.     

The unintended consequence of collateral-based financing: Evidence from corporate cost behavior

This paper examines how real estate appreciation correspondingly changes collateral value, which affects debt structure choices and consequent operating decisions. Specifically, we explore whether collateral-based financing provides a link between real estate values and corporate cost behavior. Our baseline results show that an appreciation of a firm’s real estate assets alleviates its cost stickiness. A further analysis shows that this influence is stronger for firms with less prior bank debt, less dependence on external financing, and a lower leverage ratio. We also observe that the impact of collateral shocks on cost stickiness is more pronounced when selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs create less future value for mature firms and for firms with weaker external governance. Collectively, our results support the argument that an increase in bank debt arising from collateral value appreciation mitigates agency problems and thus lessens cost stickiness.     

Zero-leverage policy and stock price crash risk: Evidence from Korea

This study examines the difference in stock price crash risk between zero-leverage and non-zero-leverage firms. We find that zero-leverage firms have a significantly higher future stock price crash risk than non-zero-leverage firms. Next, we find that the positive relation between zero-leverage policy and future stock price crash risk is more pronounced when firms have higher controlling shareholders' ownership and foreign ownership. We also find that the positive relation is more pronounced for firms with low cash holdings than for those with high cash holdings. Further, we find that the positive relation is stronger for dividend-paying firms than non-dividend-paying firms. Our results are robust to alternative estimation specifications and endogeneity concerns. Overall, our findings shed light on the extent to which extreme corporate financial policy has an impact on future stock price crash risk. Our empirical evidence also provides meaningful implications for how stakeholders (especially investors) predict stock price crash risk in the context of extremely conservative capital structure.     

我国房地产业蕴含的金融风险及相关政策调整

本文对当前我国房地产业发展的总体情况和存在的突出矛盾进行了考察,并在此基础上,总结了上个世纪80年代以来发生的典型房地产泡沫危机,分析了房地产泡沫危机和金融危机的关系,以及目前我国房地产业潜在的风险．提出了促进我国房地产业健康发展的政策建议．自去年开始,我国政府针对房地产市场过热的问题实行了从紧的宏观调控措施．这次宏观调控的效果显现时间与美国由次贷问题引发的金融危机相重合。在国内经济政策调整和国际经济环境恶化这样一个大背景下．正确判断我国房地产市场发展情况,分析房地产市场与金融运行之间的相互影响,对于稳步实施房地产业政策调整。防范房地产泡沫与金融风险,促进房地产业、金融和经济的健康发展具有重要意义。     

Leverage and Taxes: Evidence from the Real Estate Industry

Finance theory has long viewed corporate income taxes as a potentially important determinant of corporate financing decisions and capital structures. But finance academics have been unable to provide convincing empirical evidence of a material effect of taxes on corporate leverage, in part because of difficulties in constructing an effective proxy for marginal corporate tax rates, and hence for the tax benefits of debt, for large samples of individual companies. The authors address this by analyzing leverage decisions in an industry whose publicly traded entities are organized either as taxable corporations, or as real estate investment trusts (REITs) that effectively avoid entity level taxation. This enables them to measure the relative tax benefits of debt with greater precision while controlling for important nontax characteristics that affect debt usage. The tax hypothesis predicts that for real estate firms with similar asset portfolios, taxable firms should have more debt than their nontaxable counterparts. Both the nontaxable and the taxable real estate firms in our sample routinely have more than twice the leverage of industrial firms, which suggests that factors other than taxes are contributing to their use of debt. But among real estate firms, tax status appears to play a much weaker role. Taxable firms have significantly more leverage only after 2000, when restrictions on REITs were removed through new regulations that made their operations much more like those of taxable real estate firms. Our findings also depend on real estate characteristics—most notably, only residential real estate firms demonstrated differences that are consistent with the tax hypothesis. Taken together, the authors’ findings suggest that although taxes do seem to matter, their role is clearly secondary relative to factors such as the nature of the firm’s assets. A generous interpretation of our evidence puts the effect of taxes between one‐third and one‐half of that implied by prior research.     

房地产价格指数周期的宏观分析

本文建立了中国房地产价格指数的投机度模型,区分了房地产价格增长的价值和泡沫成分,动态刻画了一个由基本面增长、泡沫推动及价格的价值回归等因素共同作用形成的完整房地产价格周期,定量地研究了现阶段我国房地产的泡沫度及其发展趋势,得出了我国房地产市场泡沫成分对货币流动性高度敏感的结论。通过稳定性测试,我们定量分析了货币政策回归稳健对房地产市场可能带来的冲击,并对地方政府、商业银行及监管部门提供了建议。