Quality and Quantity in Test Validity: How can we be Sure that Psychological Tests Measure what they have to?

During the twentieth century, many authors have offered their contributions to the controversial subject of test validity. Thus, the concept of validity seems to be quite a simple idea until one looks at the literature on the subject. Validity can be defined as “the degree to which the test actually measures what it purports to measure,” but the question of how to define validity and how to test it is both an old question and a never-ending story. We have to deal with it every time we are asked to use a test that already exists or to construct a new one. Therefore, the article aims at dealing with test validity in order to point out the different (qualitative and quantitative) aspects of validity, which have emerged from empirical research and theoretical reflections. It is thought as a critical review which can be useful both to theoretically oriented and practically inclined psychologists.     

A Latent Class Application to the Multidimensional Measurement of Poverty

The paper presents the multidimensional measurement as a transparent and easy-to-interpret method to measure poverty, where poverty is measured with a set of direct and indirect poverty indicators side-by-side. Multidimensional measurement is formalised and compared to the traditional, one-dimensional measurement. This formalisation is based on the idea about a set of indicators that are measuring different manifestations of the same latent variable. The Latent Class Model (LCM) is proposed as a method to select a valid and reliable set of poverty indicators for multidimensional measurement. The LCM is used to test if these different poverty indicators really measure the same latent referent – an assumption on which the multidimensional measurement is based. Before this method presented here, constructing and selecting indicators for the multidimensional measurement of poverty has relied practically on theory and substance only. Naturally, the method presented here can be used generally for studying and developing multidimensional measurements.     

Social support among heterogeneous partners: an experimental test

This paper studies how dyadic social support is affected by heterogeneity of the partners. We distinguish heterogeneity with respect to three parameters the likelihood of needing support; the benefits from receiving support; and the costs of providing support. Hypotheses are based on a game-theoretic analysis of an iterated support game. First, we predict that heterogeneity in one of the parameters hampers social support. Second, we predict that under heterogeneity with respect to two of the parameters, support is most likely if there is a specific heterogeneous distribution such that heterogeneity in one parameter ‘compensates’ for heterogeneity in the other parameter. If there is no compensation social support is even more hampered. The hypotheses have been tested by experimental data with a mixed within-subject, between-subject design. The data gives support to the hypotheses.     

乡镇移民安置与社会网络支持

广义上 ,移民安置不仅包括生产生活的调整和文化整合 ,还暗含着社会关系网络的重建。针对社会关系网络中断后移民所出现的种种社会适应不良 ,本文建议通过发掘个人社会网络资源 ,来实现移民安置的自我解决 ;并构筑社会保障和制度支持网 ,给予移民安置外部支撑     

浅析日本企业的海外支援

通过知识产权保护和任务派遣,在法制、税务、劳务等给当地企业经营进行建议。     

光电测距三角高程测量问题的探讨

文章对光电测距三角高程在实践中应用的几个问题进行了探讨和理论分析熏并给出了解决办法和合理建议。     

基于数据融合的自来水浊度检测方法

为了提高流动电流仪(SCM)对自来水浊度检测的精度,文章提出了一种基于神经网络数据融合技术的数据处理方法。该方法可以消除测量中的原水流量、供电电源波动、絮凝剂浓度、温度等干扰量对流动电流仪的影响,提高了测量的精度。     

The Importance of Professional Training for Test Writers

The importance of language testing is noticed by more and more people.But the quality of testing,or say,the level of test writers,has been ignored for a long time.This article intends to talk about the importance of professional training for test writ- ers,in order to arouse people＇s attention to the quality of test designers.     

农民工的社会网络变迁

采用系统模式研究了进城农民工的社会网络重构过程,指出随着谋生方式由农业生产向非农产业的转移,进城农民工正在逐步建立起以业缘关系为基础的新的社会纽带,并使之成为其社会网络的重要组成部分.这些由进城农民工一手构建的社会关系网络正在成为他们在城市生活中赖以生存和发展的重要资本.     

Social capital and cultural adjustment of international assignees in NGOs: do support networks really matter?

International assignees face cultural adjustment challenges in their host countries in work and nonwork situations. At the same time, social capital theory suggests that individuals can access and mobilize resources from their social networks. We explore the use of social networks by international assignees from a non-governmental organization in their cross-cultural adjustment to the host country. Specifically, we are interested in the individuals who directly provided support to the expatriate, a network that we term the ‘current assignment support network’. We focus on the size, type and frequency of contact of the international assignee's support network, and investigate to what extent these variables can predict overall cultural adjustment to the host country, or separate dimensions of cultural adjustment such as interaction adjustment, general adjustment and work adjustment. Our findings indicate that certain characteristics of the international assignee's current assignment support network do impact their cultural adjustment to the host country, but that the effects are moderated by whether the assignee has prior international experience.     

公务员家庭关系、社会支持与社会责任心的关系研究

采用问卷调查法研究了公务员社会责任心与家庭关系、社会支持的关系。结果表明:公务员家庭关系与社会责任心存在显著的正相关(r=0.53,p<0.01);公务员社会支持与社会责任心呈正相关(r=0.31,p<0.01)。多元回归分析显示公务员家庭关系的两个维度,社会支持中三个维度均进入回归方程,说明社会支持、家庭亲密度与适用性对社会责任心有一定的预测作用。因此,公务员家庭关系和社会支持是其社会责任心的重要影响因素。     

长沙市芙蓉综合楼基坑支护设计

在湖南省长沙市芙蓉综合楼基坑支护工程中,针对人工填土、淤泥质粘土等工程性能差的坑壁土体,采用排桩式土钉墙技术进行支护,经济效益显著。     

大学生社会支持与网络成瘾关系调查

目的:了解大学生社会支持及网络成瘾情况,探讨大学生社会支持与网络成瘾的关系,为医学院校的学生心理健康教育工作提供信息和依据。方法:采用文献研究和问卷调查方法,采用《社会支持评定量表》和《网络成瘾量表》对某医学院校725名学生进行测量。结果与结论:双亲家庭学生的社会支持状况优于非双亲家庭学生的社会支持状况;男生及高年级学生更易网络成瘾;社会支持与网络成瘾成负向相关。     

公安民警社会支持与应对方式的调查

通过对316名在职公安民警社会支持和应对策略的分析,探讨民警人格特征和社会支持对应对策略的影响。结果表明,高社会支持水平会增加积极应对策略的使用。     

肇兴大桥0~#段托架施工

文章主要通过肇兴大桥0号段的托架施工,重点介绍肇兴大桥0号段托架的构造特点、受力分析及施工方法。     

从社会支持视角论当代组织阶段性工作压力管理策略

员工的工作压力管理是组织内部人力资源管理的重要工作,工作压力对组织所可能带来的负面冲击不容忽视。因此,组织管理当局应该从社会支持的角度来规划压力管理各个阶段的工作,尤其应该在组织成员工作压力的形成初期,提供及时适当的协助,以有效化解工作压力对个人及组织可能产生的负面影响。     

高校大学生社会支持研究

大学生在校期间,面临着学业、生活、经济、情感、就业等各种思想问题和实际问题。实现解决大学生思想问题和实际问题相结合的目标,需要全社会的共同关心和支持。一个良好的社会支持系统,对于大学生的身心健康、学习效果、精神面貌、理想信念都会产生积极影响,从而有助于大学生顺利完成学业,成长为适应社会需要的高素质人才。     

Career motivation measures: a test of convergent and discriminant validity

Two existing measures of career motivation were used to collect data from a sample of Canadian managers and professionals recently displaced due to downsizing. Measurement models assessed the unidimensionality, reliability and discriminant validity of career motivation sub-domains while structural rnodcls were used to assess convergent validity. The career resilience construct received the most support but propositions about career identity end insight were also supported. The results clarify the riomological net of career motivation theory and produce an integrated, composite career motivation scale.     

浅谈深基坑支护的施工技术

文章就深基坑支护的重要性分析了深基坑工程的开挖和止水的注意事项,并对深基坑支护的信息化施工及施工中的突发事件的预防及应急措施进行了描述,对深基坑支护的施工有借鉴作用。