龙葵果发酵制备果酒的研究

以成熟龙葵果、蜂蜜、白砂糖作为原料,用果酒酵母和活性干酵母,通过优化工艺、确定单因素条件、设计正交试验,酿制龙葵果酒。实验确定的优化发酵条件为:含糖量17%;发酵温度26℃;果酒酵母和活性干酵母比例为3:1,加量1.3%;发酵时间5d;酿制的龙葵果酒色泽浅黄,酒味芳香,口感醇厚;总糖含量8%～10%;酒精含量8.5%;pH为4.1～4.4。     

野生龙葵果酸奶的研制

将龙葵果榨汁与牛乳一起发酵,制得龙葵酸奶.通过正交试验确定酸奶的最佳配方和发酵工艺.结果显示,龙葵酸奶的最佳配方为龙葵汁9％、蔗糖10％、复配稳定剂(黄原胶∶明胶∶琼脂=1∶1∶1)0.3％;龙葵酸奶最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量3％、发酵温度39℃、发酵时间4h.     

石榴果渣中黄酮类物质提取工艺优化

以西昌会理县产青皮软籽石榴果渣为原料,对其中的黄酮类物质进行提取。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验方法,确定石榴果渣中黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺为:提取温度90℃,提取时间3 h,料液比1:15,乙醇浓度80%。此时样品中黄酮类物质含量为2.009 mg/g。     

果皮果渣中提取果胶联产辛弗林新工艺

在果胶现有提取工艺的基础上,提出果皮果渣提取果胶联产辛弗林新工艺,并进行技术先进性和经济技术指标对比,新工艺利用酸解与酶的有效结合,通过降膜浓缩提取果胶,同时在废液中通过树脂吸附、降膜浓缩和喷雾干燥制得辛弗林产品。与传统工艺相比,生产成本大幅度下降,收率明显上升,产品质量得到稳步提高。     

燕麦麸中蛋白质的提取及功能性质研究

以燕麦麸为原料研究其中蛋白的提取工艺和性质，单因素试验包括料水比、温度、时间和pH等对燕麦麸蛋白质的提取率的影响。实验结果表明：提取燕麦蛋白的最佳条件是温度80℃、料水比1：10、pH11、提取时间2h为宜；以大豆分离蛋白作对照，测定了持水性、持油性、乳化性能、凝胶性、溶解度六个方面的性质，结果显示：燕麦麸蛋白质较大豆分离蛋白有较高的持水性、持油性、溶解度和乳化能力，但凝胶性低于大豆分离蛋白。     

对我国"红色旅游"开发的初步探讨

近年来“红色旅游”在国内旅游业中异军突起;分析了红色旅游的内涵和特性,介绍了发展红色旅游的意义,对我国红色旅游发展的历程和现状进行回顾和总结;认为红色旅游的发展必须准确定位、立体开发、科学规划、集约经营、手段多样、注重体验。     

塔里木盆地北缘绿洲景观格局变化与稳定性分析

利用渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲1989年和2001年的遥感影像数据,借助RS和GIS技术,运用景观生态学原理,对该绿洲的景观格局变化进行动态分析,研究结果表明,在12年间,盐碱地、水体和灌丛斑块数目增加,农田和荒地斑块数目减少;占景观基质面积较大比例的农田和荒地相对较为稳定,而盐碱地变化最为显著,73.40%的盐碱地转化为其他类型,其中向灌丛和荒地转移的数量分别为27.20%和36.93%;景观多样性指数、均匀度指数和稳定性指数均呈现出下降趋势,优势度指数呈上升趋势,而破碎度指数的变化并不显著,绿洲生态系统向无序和不稳定方向发展。     

碱提法提取大球盖菇多糖工艺及其清除氧自由基研究

为获得大球盖菇碱性多糖的最佳提取工艺,本文采用水浴碱提法提取多糖,通过单因素和正交实验对多糖提取的影响因素(提取温度、碱液浓度、时间)进行分析,优化多糖提取工艺并对提取的多糖进行抗氧化活性测定.结果表明,提取温度显著影响多糖得率,最佳工艺条件为提取温度85℃、碱液浓度0.03 mol·L-1、时间2 h.大球盖菇碱性多...     

九寨沟旅游陆地交通环境承载力及其调控模式研究初论

随着全球经济的复苏及国内旅游业的飞速发展,具有独特自然及人文景观的国家5A级风景名胜区的九寨沟自然保护区,游客人数已经呈现几何倍数增长的趋势;而进入景区的交通方式主要依靠陆地交通。交通环境又有其特殊性,其中最主要的九环西线途经区域为我国西南地区一条重要的民族廊道,是独具特色的少数民族聚居区,又是典型的生态环境脆弱区;九环东线,所经过的平武县更是我国重要的大熊猫保护基地。因此,为有效缓解游客激增对九寨沟景区的压力,降低陆地交通工具对沿途环境的危害程度,从而促进景区自身的生态可持续发展及与周边区域的和谐共生、共赢,开展针对大九寨沟旅游的陆地交通环境承载力及其调控模式的研究具有较高的理论及现实意义。     

Monitoring cropland transition and its impact on ecosystem services value in developed regions of China: A case study of Jiangsu Province

Cropland use is experiencing an intense transition in both depth and breadth with rapid development of the Chinese economy. Unwarranted land use transitions can affect the ecosystem services value (ESV) and ecosystem functions significantly. This paper reports the dynamic patterns of cropland transition (CLT) and its impact on ESV in Jiangsu Province based on land-use data from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2013, crop yield data, empirical data related to ESV, some revisions adapted to the situation of Jiangsu, and Geo-information Tupu methods. Jiangsu has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization, which can be seen as a microcosm of China's development. Results showed that the total area of cropland decreased markedly from 1990 to 2013. This loss of cropland took place mainly through the expansion of construction land and water area, accounting for 83.78% and 13.71%, respectively. The gain in cropland came mainly from construction land, water area, grassland, and woodland, accounting for 58.92%, 19.92%, 11.46%, and 10.22%. The transitions from 2000 to 2010 were much more significant than during 1990–2000 and 2010–2013. CLTs were accompanied by relatively concentrated distributions near towns and cities and the distributions in southern and central Jiangsu were more than in northern Jiangsu. Between 1990 and 2013, CLTs gave rise to a decrease of 6.78 million US$ ESV that was mostly caused by the transition from cropland to construction land and water area to cropland. Based on this information, some of the major implications for improving the land use policy and ecological protection policy in China were discussed. These include increased emphasis on land quality and ecological environment in balance between cropland addition and conversion, introducing ESV measures to evaluate the ecological effect of land-use planning, and establish an all-around ecological compensation mechanism.     

落后地区旅游定位及发展分析研究--以贵州毕节地区为例

西部落后地区在全国旅游业迅速发展的当今，如何抓住机遇，在客观评价旅游发展的区位及区域优势的基础上，明确定位，以避免旅游发展当中的盲目性，从而实现旅游的跨越式发展，是其面临的重要问题：分析了毕节地区与贵州省在旅游资源的丰度、分布密度(面积相对密度和人口相对密度)、类型和质量、旅游饭店、星级宾馆、旅游商品定点生产单位、旅行社、游客数量及旅游收入，针对存在的问题，提出了相应的建议和措施。     

互联网使用对农地转出决策的影响及机制研究——来自CFPS的微观证据

本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),从家庭层面分析了互联网的使用行为是否会对其农地转出产生影响。研究结果表明,使用互联网会使家庭农地转出的概率显著提高。使用工具变量解决内生性问题,并从农地有偿转出、农地新转出和不同上网方式对农地转出影响三个方面进行稳健性检验后,仍然得到了一致的结论。农户异质性分析表明,户主中高受教育水平和收入处于中高水平的家庭使用互联网对其农地转出的正向影响更为显著。影响机制分析表明,互联网使用主要通过促进非农就业及其稳定性、拓宽信息渠道、增强社会互动三条路径影响农地转出。     

农牧交错带水土流失与生态环境恶化及成因--以内蒙古四子王旗东南部为例

农牧交错带的生态环境具有很强的脆弱性和过渡性，其生态环境波动性大，极易受到干扰；内蒙古四子王旗东南部的水土流失与生态环境恶化的成因是人类生产活动的不合理性与恶劣的气候、地理环境要素相叠加。     

The study of building integration into the surrounding rural landscape: Focus on implementation of a Web-based MC-SDSS and its validation by two-way participation

Everyday people are tackling various decisions. Decision problems in the spatial planning sense often are involved with many alternatives because of their complicated characters and are evaluated on multiple-perspectives based. This paper deals with the implementation of a Web-based Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) and its validation by two-way participation aimed at assessing the suitability of new rural tourism buildings integration occurred in Spanish landscapes. The proposed system focuses on the methodology combined with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) that borrows Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities. Several parameters with an overlay and index method are used to evaluate the suitability of a case study area in Spain. Based on the results of a previous work where the authors defined the first phases of a conceptual framework implementation and prototype application with the methodology, this paper presents the final web implementation and its validation. The implementation was consisted of four consecutive sections with improvements from the previous one. Then, it showed the validated results with radar diagrams, reflecting the different perception of spatial models based on the qualitative two-way content and survey data, public and academic participation, according to the sense of place and field concept. The results contribute consensus on recommendation and new knowledge within the broader field of the analysis and interpretation of the building integration with the Web-based MC-SDSS, which is fundamental to support proper land-uses and decision alternatives through accurate and efficient tool, and to able to apply other destinations.     

社会养老为何在农村水土不服——“家文化”视角下城乡养老意愿差异的实证研究

本文从理论层面上分析了"家文化"对城乡间养老意愿差异的潜在影响,并运用中国健康与养老追踪调查2015年数据进行实证检验。结果显示:农村和城市居民的养老偏好存在明显差异,相较于城市居民,农村居民会更偏好家庭养老方式;另外,形式上具备城市基本特征的"村改居"社区居民的选择偏好同农村居民一致,表明"家文化"转型的滞后性。进一步地,我们借助家庭结构作为"家文化"的代理变量,通过构建文化与区域的交乘项,验证了"家文化"对于农村地区家庭养老模式选择的增强效应。因此,应充分认识到"家文化"对城乡间养老意愿差异的影响,社会养老在经济层面可以替代家庭养老,但尤其是对农村地区不能忽略家庭养老在文化层面的重要性。