河南省中小企业融资问题成因及策略

河南要在中部崛起中率先实现中原崛起,没有中小企业的健康发展是不够的.河南非国有经济发展的瓶颈就在于中小企业得不到足够的金融扶持、融资担保有困难.因此在目前的经济形势下,河南省的各级政府及金融企业把关注的目光更多地投向中小企业确有必要.     

中部崛起背景下河南国际物流中心发展物流金融探讨

随着现代社会的不断发展,物流产业慢慢发展成主导型产业.在中部崛起的大背景下,河南的物流产业在国内外也得到了蓬勃的发展.河南地理位置优越,交通便捷,为河南物流金融的发展奠定了重要的基础.本文对当前河南国际物流中心发展物流金融的优势及现状进行了探究与分析,并提出了建设性的意见.     

试论发展中小企业的战略意义及金融扶持

改革开放以来 ,我国中小企业迅速崛起并快速发展 ,已成为国家经济和社会发展中不容忽视的重要组成部分。为此 ,国家有关部门多次强调加大对中小企业的金融扶持力度 ,推动其更快发展     

中原经济区背景下中小企业财务管理存在的问题及改进措施

中原经济区是中原崛起、河南振兴的载体和平台,中原经济区的发展依靠广大的民营企业,而中小企业的财务管理多存在着各种问题。从中小企业财务管理存在的问题出发,提出一系列改进措施。     

中小企业融资安排新进展与商业银行功能转变

近几年来,金融在支持中小企业发展方面已经取得了实质性进展：贷款总量稳步增加;融资方式有了新的变化;信用担保机构建立并已发挥作用;金融服务水平有所提高。但由于商业银行功能弱化、金融结构调整滞后于经济结构优化等原因仍不能满足迅速崛起的中小企业的融资需求。要解除中小企业融资困境,必须从转变商业银行的五项功能入手。     

金融科技发展能否降低融资的地理排斥

金融科技助力破解中小企业融资痛点的作用日益凸显。在从信息经济学的视角看，金融科技发展能够缓解信息不对称，减少对中小企业融资的地理排斥。利用2011—2020年银行分支机构数据、金融科技发展水平数据及全国中小企业股份转让系统中的企业数据的实证检验表明，地理距离增加了中小企业的金融排斥，金融科技发展降低了中小企业融资的地理排斥，但地理距离始终是影响中小企业融资的重要因素。异质性分析表明，当大银行占比较高和银行竞争程度较高时以及在经济落后和交通不便的地区中，金融科技发展对降低中小企业融资地理排斥的积极作用更为明显。机制分析表明，金融科技发展解决了银企间的信息不对称难题，是金融科技得以降低中小企业融资地理排斥的关键所在。因此，应既加强金融科技研究与应用，又优化银行物理网点布局，为促进金融资源服务中小企业和攻坚普惠金融“最后一公里”赋能。     

我国区域金融对中小企业的影响研究--基于资金利用效率的空间视角

以中小企业为研究对象，在测算区域金融发展指数的基础上，利用空间计量模型对我国区域金融发展和中小企业资金利用效率的全局和局部空间自相关性进行检验；对比分析了我国大陆各省份金融发展和政府因素与中小企业资金利用效率之间的空间影响关系。结果表明，金融发展和政府因素都对中小企业资金利用效率存在显著的抑制作用，且政府因素对中小企业资金利用效率的影响大于金融发展对其的影响。     

当前我国供应链金融存在的问题及改进策略分析

作为中小企业重要的金融支持，供应链金融正不断地变换形态，以更加复杂的形式为中小企业提供着更加便捷的服务。如何充分发挥供应链金融服务中小企业的作用，有效降低中小企业融资成本，提高中小企业资金使用效率，对促进我国经济持续健康发展具有十分重要的意义。本文在界定供应链金融概念的基础上，提出了当前我国供应链金融存在的问题，最后提出了三点改进策略，进而为我国供应链金融的发展提供重要借鉴。     

非正式金融与私营中小企业融资

在对非正式金融的概念进行界定的基础上，分析了我国中小企业进行非正式融资的原因，论述了非正式金融对促进我国中小企业发展的积极意义，提出非正式金融的存在与中小企业的融资活动有着密不可分的联系，如何正确对待非正式金融是建设我国私营中小企业融资体系中的一个重要问题。对非正式金融应进行正确引导和规范，同时深化金融改革，推动非正式金融制度变迁。     

中部崛起背景下湖南中小企业发展的比较优势分析

促进中部地区崛起,是党中央、国务院作出的重大决策,是落实促进区域协调发展总体战略的重大任务;湖南中小企业作为湖南经济在中部崛起的动力和解决湖南经济在中部崛起制约因素的重要举措,在中部崛起背景下加快湖南中小企业发展的意义重大,对湖南省中小企业在中部崛起背景下发展的比较优势进行了系统分析,并提出了促进湖南中小企业比较优势发展的对策性建议。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

Automation and inequality with taxes and transfers

Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’.