煤炭资源开发与基本农田保护协调规划初探

基本农田和煤炭开采分别关系着我国的粮食安全和能源安全。文章分析了煤炭开采与基本农田保护的矛盾,针对制约煤炭资源开发与基本农田保护协调发展的因子提出煤炭开采与基本农田保护协调规划的理念,并从理论基础和规划要点两方面对其进行了初步探索。     

基本农田保护条例

基本农田保护条例中华人民共和国国务院令第１６２号《基本农田保护条例》已经１９９４年７月４日国务院第２２次常务会议通过，现予发布，自１９９４年１０月１日起施行。总理李鹏１９９４年８月１８日第一章总则第一条为了对基本农田实行特殊保护，促进农业生产和国民经...     

基本农田保护新思维

今年是我国基本农田保护制度建立20周年.实践证明,划定基本农田保护区,对优质耕地实行特殊保护,对于切实保护耕地,保障国家粮食安全,促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展,发挥了积极作用.     

基本农田保护条例

基本农田保护条例中华人民共和国国务院令第１６２号《基本农田保护条例》已经１９９４年７月４日国务院第２２次常务会议通过，现予发布，自１９９４年１０月１日起施行。总理李鹏１９９４年８月１８日第一章总则第一条为了对基本农田实行特殊保护，促进农业生产和国民经...     

基本农田保护条例

第一章总则第一条为了对基本农田实行特殊保护,促进农业生产和社会经济的可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国农业法》和《中华人民共和国土地管理法》,制定本条例。第二条国家实行基本农田保护制度。本条例所称基本农田,是指按照一定时期人口和社会经济发展对农产品的需...     

科学发展观与新时期土地利用规划修编

研究目的:探讨在科学发展观指导下的土地利用规划修编的理念更新及在修编中的实现.研究方法:文献资料法.研究结果:对规划的理念更新及修编中如何体现提出了设想.研究结论:新的规划修编应强调市场理念、以人为本的理念、绿色规划理念、目标有限性理念和规划调控法律化理念,规划修编时应注意运用市场理念预测用地需求量,确定用地指标;规划控制指标的刚性与弹性结合,增加人居环境指标、土地质量指标和生态指标等指导性指标;体现土地利用"绿色规划"的特色;提出了规划编制与实施应制度化,通过建立规划行政管理责任追究制度和提高违法用地惩处的力度,提高规划的法律效力,建立促进农地保护激励机制等制度建设的建议.     

规划修编与耕地总量动态增长

规划修编与耕地总量动态增长莱芜市土地管理局局长陶永祥中央１１号文件明确提出了耕地总量动态平衡的土地利用目标，要求各地必须做到耕地总量只能增加不能减少。我们必须深刻领会中央决策的精神实质，严格将耕地总量动态平衡的目标落实到土地利用总体规划中，在此前提下...     

探索基本农田保护之路——湖北荆州基本农田保护的历程与做法

<正>荆州,全国基本农田保护发祥地。从1988年原荆州地区划定第一块基本农田,到1989年原国家正式确立"基本农田"这一概念,再到2008年党的十七届三中全会决定"划定永久基本农田",荆州市基本农田保护走过了一段不平凡的历程。做法来源于基层的首创精神1987年,原荆州地区开展非农业用地清理发现,1979年~1987年人均耕地从1.63亩下降至1.34亩。面对严峻的形势,原荆州地区土地管理局提出了县(市)、乡(镇)、村、组分别划定农田     

基本农田保护--问题与对策

今年2月17日,国土资源部和农业部联合下发了《全国基本农田保护检查工作方案》,标志着全国基本农田保护检查工作正式启动。据悉,几个月来,全国各地分阶段层层开展了检查工作,经过广泛的宣传发动,目前全国基本农田保护检查工作进展顺利,大部分地区已进入自查自纠和整改阶段。基本农田保护检查是落实党中央、国务院要求,实施宏观调控、严格土地管理、保护和提高粮食生产能力的重要措施。检查的根本目的在于,找出当前基本农田保护中存在的突出问题,该整改的及时整改,该完善制度的要建章立制。本文正是通过大量的调查研究和分析,对当前我国基本农田保护中存在的突出问题作了较为详尽的分析和较为深入的思考,并从政策、经济、法律、行政、生态、以及技术等多个角度,多层次地提出了解决的方案和措施,对如何进一步完善基本农田保护制度、建立管理的长效机制,具有一定的参考价值。     

基本农田保护与采矿塌陷控制

研究目的:探讨采矿塌陷与基本农田保护的关系,提出保护矿区基本农田的具体措施.研究方法:综合分析法.研究结果:采矿塌陷对水土环境及基本农田具有重要影响.研究结论:完善法律,严格司法和执法,采用新技术,开展科学研究等切实保护基本农田的具体措施.     

基本农田保护制度需完善的几个方面

实行最严格的耕地保护制度,特别是基本农田保护制度,使基本农田得到长效的、切切实实的保护,必须以实事求是的态度,在保护和管理上做到“严”而不“僵”。目前,基本农田保护中存在的问题主要有:1.基本农田保护规划管理过于僵化。基本农田保护区是通过土地利用总体规划和基本农田保护专项规划确定的,在土地利用总体规划修编时,尽管经过多方面调查论证,力求科学合理,但随着时间的推移,难免会出现一些难以预料的情况,当这些情况发生时,现行的基本农田保护制度缺乏合理调整的空间。如因自然灾害等因素使基本农田遭到毁坏,短期内又无法恢复,导致…     

Co-ordination of land exploitation,exploitable farmland reserves and national planning in China

Land exploitation, as an important strategy to mitigate farmland loss and stabilize grain production, has been adopted to compensate farmland loss due to rapid urbanization in China. Bounded by the limited capacity and obvious spatial variations of national farmland reserves, it is essential to arrange land exploitation activities timely and reasonably. In this study, we propose an indicator for the status of regional land exploitation, the Exploitation Degree, to facilitate an overview of land exploitation programs in China at both provincial and prefectural levels based on project data from 2006 to 2012. To further our understanding of the regional features of land exploitation activities, we employ the Lasso model to identify and quantitatively assess influencing factors on land exploitation. Our study shows that: (1) contemporary land exploitation practices in China are significantly inconsistent across exploitable farmland reserves. Some areas are greatly over-exploited and such irrational land exploitation has been persistent; (2) related national land plans designed to guide land exploitation efforts centered on resource-rich regions and critical areas do not function as intended. Therefore, we suggest that China⿿s land exploitation policy shall be improved by reconsidering the orientation of land exploitation policy, coordinating land exploitation activities with productivity improvements and eco-system protection, and enhancing the power and scope of the plans in controlling and guiding land resource management.     

The effect of land use regulations on farmland protection and non‐agricultural land conversions in China

This paper examines the effect of the Prime Farmland Protection Regulation in protecting high quality farmland from urban development and the subsequent effect on non‐farmland conversion in China in the first decade after the Regulation came into effect (1995‐2005). The empirical evaluation is conducted with geo‐referenced panel data for the entire country. Results indicate that the rate of farmland conversion was reduced during 1995‐2000. About two‐fifths of the reduction results from the protection of farmland with high grain productivity. There is no evidence of the effectiveness of the Regulation in protecting farmland during the period 2000–2005, regardless of land quantity or quality. Farmland development was accompanied by a reduction in forests and grasslands during the period from 1995 through to 2005.     

Economic development and farmland protection: An assessment of rewarded land conversion quotas trading in Zhejiang,China

Facing a substantial loss of farmland in the reform era, the Chinese central government established a highly centralized land management system in 1998 to guarantee its capacity to meet the domestic food needs. In order to maintain high-speed economic growth, local governments in China made great efforts to circumvent the stringent constraint on land use by launching various innovative land management schemes, among which Zhejiang's rewarded land conversion quotas (RLCQ) trading scheme, a program similar to the transfer of development rights (TDR) in Western countries, has attracted a lot of policy and scholarly attention. In this research, we first provide an overview of China's farmland protection policy and the RLCQ trading scheme in Zhejiang Province. Then, using the system GMM estimator for economic growth models and a panel dataset of 69 local jurisdictions in Zhejiang Province covering the period of 1989–2008, we assess the impacts of RLCQ trading on local economic growth. The empirical results corroborate our hypotheses that participation in land quota trading in general led to faster local economic growth, and that the trading had a stronger and more lasting impact on the economic growth of the quota buyers than on that of the sellers. The analysis suggests that in order to balance the competing goals of economic development and farmland protection, market-based land management tools have a good potential for further development in China and other countries confronting similar challenges.     

都市何妨驻田园--基本农田保护与城市空间规划的一点设想

引言目前许多城市,特别是大城市存在着“城市病”,诸如大气与水污染、交通堵塞、缺乏绿色空间和热岛效应等。为此,城市规划者在制定城市规划时,往往通过建立“卫星城”或“多中心城市”来解决这些问题,并在这些“卫星城”或“多中心城市”之间建立绿化“隔离带”,防止城市“摊大饼”。然而,绿化隔离带的建设势必占用耕地,特别是在平原区城市,因为城市周边基本是耕地,没有其他未利用地,或未利用地很少,从而使得本来就十分严重的耕地流失问题雪上加霜。耕地承担着食物生产和生态的双重功能毫无疑问,耕地的首要功能是食物生产功能。但是,耕地除…     

土地利用总体规划与土地资源可持续利用

土地利用总体规划是实现土地持续利用的保障土地持续利用是以保护土地生态环境为基础,能够满足当前与未来人们的食品需求和社会经济协调、平衡发展的土地利用行为。土地可持续利用是人类社会经济发展的客观要求,没有土地的可持续利用,也就谈不上经济社会的可持续发展。而土地利用总体规划首先是土地利用和管理长期宏观控制性的规划,是充分合理利用土地的基础和依据。其次,土地利用规划在整个土地管理工作中处于“龙头”地位,是土地管理依法行政的重要内容和基本依据。土地利用总体规划的作用,概括起来说,一是协调各业用地需求,保护土地资源,…     

农地转用中的土地投机解析

城镇化建设活跃了土地投机也许,我们可以不在意日本1985年～1990年间,土地价格飞涨所引起的经济泡沫,也可以不知道韩国20世纪80年代末不动产投机风潮所导致的混乱局面,但我们不应忘记我国1992年～1993年期间的“土地开发热”。广西北海市因土地投机成为14个沿海开放城市中“最落后”的城市,海南因土地投机过度而成为“人口占全国0.6%,积压的商品房却占到全国10%”的区域。现阶段,我国经济的快速增长和城镇化速度的加快,客观上需求大量的建设用地已成为不争之实,而农用地和城市用地之间巨大的价格差异必然会引起投机者的高度关注,从而土地投…     

The political economy of farmland ownership regulations and land prices

One of the most ubiquitous forms of agricultural regulation is a restriction on farmland ownership. One Canadian example of a farmland ownership restriction is The Saskatchewan Farm Security Act (FSA), passed in 1974. The purpose of this article is to explain, using a political economy framework, why the FSA was implemented and to estimate the effect of the FSA on Saskatchewan farmland values. A Present Value (PV) model is used to estimate the relationship between land values, rents, and the regulation. The Hausman endogeneity test reveals that the regulation variable is endogenous with the land price. The sign of the regulation variable is negative, which fits with the theory, i.e., the more stringent the regulation the lower the land value. We estimate that the regulation lowered Saskatchewan farmland prices by an average of 4 to 34 US$/acre, depending on whether ordinary least squares (OLS) or two‐stage least squares (TSLS) is employed in the estimation, over the period of 1974–2001.     

Delineation of a permanent basic farmland protection area around a city centre: Case study of Changzhou City,China

The delineation of permanent basic farmland will safeguard the production baseline of China’s agricultural development by securing easily appropriated, high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas, thereby strictly controlling the use of farmland (especially high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas) facing accelerated urban expansion. This study researched the delineation of permanent basic farmland in a typical region undergoing rapid urbanization. By constructing a systematic classification model, farmland was classified into matrix, edge, and island farmlands in order to analyze farmland contiguity and fragmentation. Based on the indicator requirements of various plans related to farmland, an evaluation indicator system was constructed in order to develop an evaluation model for comprehensive farmland productivity. From the perspective of farmland spatial contiguity and highly efficient productivity, a delineation model for permanent basic farmland was proposed to delimit the permanent protection and utilization boundaries for high-quality farmland around urban areas. The results show the following: (1) matrix and edge farmlands can intuitively display farmland contiguity characteristics; (2) comprehensive farmland productivity was closely related to farmland spatial patterns, supporting infrastructure, and policy management and protection; and (3) there was a high degree of spatial overlap between contiguous and highly productive farmland. The model took both comprehensive farmland productivity and spatial clustering into consideration in order to delineate permanent basic farmland, which is a beneficial factor in protecting farmland quality and safeguarding sustainable farmland utilization. It can also be used as a control line to limit urban sprawl, guide urban cluster development, and improve economical and intensive urban land use.     

解读规划中的怪现象

怪现象有多怪?之一:城市规划大无边尽管中央一直强调规划要切合实际,但现实中将规划做大到不可思议地步的现象却屡见不鲜。笔者经常看到媒体关于“人口200万的城市十五年后要达到1000万,125平方公里城市要扩大到150平方公里”的报道。我所在的湖北省长阳土家族自治县是集老、少