Exchange Rate Pass‐through and Currency Invoicing: Implications for Monetary Integration in East Asia

Exporter's price‐setting behaviour and currency invoicing play a key role in the literature on the new open‐economy macroeconomics. This paper estimates exchange rate pass‐through coefficients for the exports of four ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. In addition, previous estimates of pass‐through as well as invoicing behaviour in East Asia are discussed in the context of regional integration. The new pass‐through coefficients are estimated under two alternate specifications for up to 34 goods for each of the four ASEAN countries destined for up to 13 major markets. The results suggest: (a) little pass‐through is occurring in Southeast Asia and (b) this lack of pass‐through is more likely attributable to the fact that they are small countries in a relatively integrated market, rather than evidence of pricing to market. The implications for regional monetary integration of this apparently low degree of pass‐through are detailed.     

PUBLIC MEASURES AFFECTING SMALL BUSINESS IN AUSTRALIA

Certain institutional arrangements in Australia seem to operate to the disadvantage of small business particularly in the fields of finance, taxation and access to specialized services. But the Australian Trade Practices Act is based upon two value judgements–the acceptance of competitive capitalism as a socio-economic system and the need to curb the misuse of economic power. This second aim, in particular has benefitted small businesses through the restriction of arrangements in restraint of trade (Section 45), through regulating monopolization (Sec. 46), through forbidding exclusive dealing (Sec. 47), through banning resale price maintenance (Sec. 48), through regulating price discrimination (Sec. 49) and through regulating mergers (Sec. 50). The misuse of economic power may be related to the concept of ‘public benefit’ or ‘social efficiency’ as contrasted to ‘economic efficiency’ and it is on these grounds that arguments for assistance to small business can be most convincingly made.     

关于我国房地产市场发展若干问题的理论思考

本文认为,稳定住房价格除了要加强和改善宏观调控以外,还要用深化改革的办法推动房地产业健康稳定发展,这是因为:房地产市场化改革相对滞后,许多体制性障碍需要通过市场化改革来清除;宏观调控短期性与房地产业发展长期性之间的矛盾需要改革来协调;宏观调控手段和措施的有限性与当前住房价格过快上涨原因的复杂性之间的矛盾需要改革来化解;宏观调控成果也需要通过市场化改革来巩固和发展。文章指出,经济适用住房制度只是一种过渡形态的住房制度,内含着深刻的矛盾,继续深化市场化改革,可能是我国经济适用住房制度理想而可行的变革方向。     

Research note: pricing behaviour across multiple distribution channels in the UK deposit account market: 1997-2001

In this research note the pricing behaviour of UK depository institutions is examined. The study uses daily interest rate data for 186 UK deposit saving accounts over the sample period, 1997-2001, which are distributed through branches and across postal and telephone networks. The relative level and dispersion of interest rates and the frequency and responsiveness of interest rate change are examined for deposit products that are distributed through different distribution channels. Slight and mostly insignificant interest rate differentials are recorded between deposit accounts distributed through branch, postal and telephone channels. Similarly, only small differences are recorded for the dispersion, frequency and responsiveness of interest rate change of deposit products distributed through different distribution channels.     

养老社会保障制度的社会公平问题研究

当前,我国社会保障制度及运行中暴露出诸多关于保障对象间、地区间及管理主体间有失公平或不合理的问题.其解决的思路是:通过立法来确保农村养老保险制度的建立和运行,建立稳定的多渠道筹集社会保障基金的制度,强化保险理念来解决社会保障对待上的不公平;通过社会保障预算来约束和强化管理;通过提高统筹层次来解决社会保障导致的地区间发展不平衡;通过建立专门社会保险专家统管机构来协调和统一政府间和部门间的权利与责任;通过城乡有别的制度框架为缩小城乡社会保障不公平营造制度框架,促进社会保障的可持续发展.     

我国的就业对策再思考

从我国就业面临的严峻形势出发,分析了问题产生的原因,指出应从战略高度看待我国的就业问题,就业问题实际上是经济发展问题,提出了从以收入政策培育需求、以制度创新扫除经济发展障碍和以人力资源开发提供经济发展所需资源等三方面创造经济发展的条件才是治本之策。     

The Gendering of Air Canada: A Critical Hermeneutic Approach

Through the use of critical hermeneutics, the paper provides a deep analysis and offers clues as to how management, through the power of communication, can contribute to producing and reproducing embedded gender‐based assumptions and values through organizational culture, which can both enable and constrain organizational members. It examines gender discrimination as it relates to employment equity in a well‐known airline. We show how an organizational culture, supported by society and communicated through language, can impede progress within an organization through the power of language, and highlight a number of clues as to the processes of gender discrimination at work. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Jonathan A. Grant. Rulers, Guns, and Money: The Global Arms Trade in the Age of Imperialism

Jonathan Grant approaches his topic of the late nineteenth-centuryarms races with a frank admission that he believes such developmentsare best understood through the particularity of the events,rather than through some theoretical construct. As a consequenceof this orientation, he proceeds to study arms races and thearms trade through the examination of a truly impressive arrayof specific international arms deals from the 1860s throughthe first decade of the twentieth century.     

A Discussion of eec’s efficiency

The economic aims mentioned in Article 2 of the EEC-Treaty may be summarised in the formula: “expansion and stability”. The author discusses in the following the effectiveness of the major strategies applied by the EEC within the framework of its integration policy, i.e. integration through competition within a Common Market; integration through a common policy of the member-states and integration through coordination of national economic policies.     

我国货币政策通过国际贸易传递的实证分析

本文利用相关分析、Granger因果关系分析和自回归分布滞后模型 ,对中国货币政策通过国际贸易传递的途径进行了实证分析 ,结论表明 ,我国货币政策无法通过汇率途径传递到国际贸易上 ,通过信贷传递到国际贸易上是扭曲的途径 ,货币政策能够通过物价途径对净出口有正面影响。     

International knowledge spillovers through high-tech imports and R&D of foreign-owned firms

The international transmission of knowledge through import spillovers, as a source of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, has received much attention in the literature. We investigate two additional direct channels through which R&D disseminates: the import of high-technology goods and the internationalization of business R&D. Building on an extensive data-set, covering both developing and industrial countries, we add foreign-owned patents as a proxy for R&D activities of foreign multinationals. While we confirm the significance of import spillovers for all countries included, we find additional spillovers for developing countries through the import of high-technology goods. Only developed economies seem to benefit from the diffusion of knowledge that originates through cross-border cooperation in R&D by multinationals.     

Politicking and Privatisation

This article charts the privatisation process in a Hungarian firm. It was a long, complicated and high profile journey, typifying what the author calls a "struggling through" scenario, as distinct from "going through" and "muddling through". The case underlines the fact that privatisation in Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere) needs to be considered in the context of a political view of organisations, as a complement to the dominant economic model based on agency theory.     

浅谈降低施工项目成本的方法

项目的成本控制是贯穿在工程建设自招投标阶段直到竣工验收的全过程,企业为社会提供质量高、工期短、造价低的产品,必须通过成本管理的各种手段,遵循成本最低化、目标管理、责权利相结合及全面性的原则,通过制定投标责任人制度、建立责任成本中心和监督机制、组织科学施工等,以期达到提高企业经济效益的目的。     

外商直接投资、劳动力市场一体化与中国纺织业就业

本文研究FDI通过竞争效应、技术溢出效应和制度变迁效应三种渠道对纺织业就业产生的间接影响,并综合考察FDI通过直接渠道和间接渠道对就业产生的总体效应。研究结论表明,FDI促进了纺织业就业,其中FDI对纺织业就业的直接影响是正向的,间接影响是负向的;FDI通过竞争效应和技术溢出效应阻碍了纺织业的就业增加;劳动力市场的一体化程度没有对纺织业就业产生影响。     

政府管制对市场结构和绩效的影响机理研究

由于管制和市场都具有政治、经济、文化等综合属性,二者始终密切联系。政府管制会直接影响市场结构和绩效,也会通过不同市场主体的策略性行为,以及产权等因素间接影响市场结构和绩效。     

Asymmetric real exchange rates and poverty: The role of remittances

This paper explores the asymmetric effect of real exchange rate changes on poverty through the remittance channel for a panel of 99 countries, spanning the period 1980–2015. Considering a threshold partial adjustment modelling approach, the results document that real exchange rate depreciations exert a stronger positive effect on poverty through remittances. The results are expected to be of substantial importance in the case of emerging and developing countries in designing exchange rate and inflation policies that affect the poverty levels of their population through the mechanism of remittances.     

Developing learning capabilities through a quality management program

This study examines the development of learning capabilities through the implementation of a quality management program in services, based on a case study of transplantation management. The findings show how the introduction of an online system, based on a quality management program, underpinned the knowledge-building capacity of the organization. The results contribute to service literature by addressing how a quality management program links to organizational learning process directly and through building-up organizational knowledge. The implementation of a quality management program allows knowledge building through identification and socialization of tacit knowledge and combination of explicit knowledge. The development of learning capabilities fostered by the introduction of this program occurs under conditions that contribute to the building-up of organizational knowledge. Organizational learning is enhanced during this implementation through an incremental process that detects errors and corrects behavior and/or alters organizations premises, standards and values. This organizational learning helps to upgrade the overall process.     

Public Sector's Involvement in Marketing Growth:

The Japanese public sector played an instrumental role in the successful resurrection of the Japanese economy after World War II. The public sector supported the use of several emerging marketing concepts as well as borrowing and applying American concepts through cross-cultural marketing during the various stages of Japanese marketing growth. The public sector accomplished its goal by supporting the private sector through the establishment government agencies as well as through other players in the public sector. The leadership and direction provided by the public sector has enabled Japan to develop its economy throughout all five periods of marketing growth. A new sixth phase appears to be emerging through the efforts of the public sector to attract foreign investment and imports into Japan, to counteract the tremendous trade surpluses built up since the mid 1980's.     

Family firms’ identity communication and consumers’ product involvement impact on consumer response

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the image transfer theory and the elaboration likelihood model can provide a theoretical framework capable of assessing the influence of consumers’ product involvement and family firms’ identity communication through websites on consumer responses. This research conducted an experiment using an eye‐tracking technique measuring attention to family and nonfamily corporate websites. The procedure involved 120 participants. Consistent with the image transfer theory, family firms’ identity through websites positively impacts attitude toward the website and intention to buy. Additionally, the attitude toward the website affects the relationship between family firms’ identity through websites and the intention to buy. In line with the elaboration likelihood model, consumers’ product involvement negatively impacts the relationship between family firms’ identity through websites and intention to buy.     

Banking on Advertising

During the last decade, advertising has emerged as a most important promotion medium for the banks. The competitive pressures within the personal savings markets have become more intense. The banks have become noticeable by their aggressive promotion, through increased advertising expenditure, radical changes in style and forms of advertising, and their increasing use of television. In 1971, the joint stock banks spent M£2.5on advertising and only 4 per cent of this was directed through television. By the end of 1981, expenditure had increased to M£22.6 with over 50 per cent directed through television.