两岸三通对澳台经贸关系的影响与因应策略

两岸三通全面实施,给澳台的经贸合作带来了挑战,也为提升澳台经贸合作层次提供了良好契机。本文通过回顾澳台经贸关系的发展,对澳台合作的优劣势进行比较,并结合当前形势,提出澳台经贸关系进一步发展的定位,以及提升澳台经贸合作层次的政策建议。     

苏鲁产业合作模式比较及其合作路径研究

从省际产业合作模式及其合作路径的选择出发,对苏鲁两省产业合作的模式进行了研究,并提出了两省产业合作发展的路径。研究表明：①全国省际产业合作主要分为三种模式：“政府主导型”产业合作模式、“企业主导型”产业合作模式、“行业协会主导型”产业合作模式,苏鲁两省产业合作发展应选择政府主导、市场主导、企业主导相结合的“三主导复合模式”。②根据苏鲁两省产业合作的模式提出了苏鲁两省产业合作的五条路径,即搭建一个产业合作平台、打破两个产业合作壁垒、建立三个产业合作机制、拓宽四个产业合作、实现五个产业合作对接,为苏鲁产业合作提供了有力的科学依据。     

基于中小企业转型升级的校企产学研合作研究

在新的历史条件下,中小企业面临着转型升级的巨大压力和挑战。针对这一问题,从中小企业与高等院校产学研合作的角度探讨中小企业转型升级的出路。探索性地构建了中小企业与高等院校的产学研合作模式,并从组织形式、技术成果导入、人才培养模式等方面,对这一模式进行了深入的探讨。     

International Coordination and Precautionary Policies

ABSTRACT

This paper highlights the rare conditions that lead to international cooperation, and the reasons why eliciting this cooperation may be beneficial in preventing adverse tail shocks from spiraling into global depressions. In normal economic times, deeper macro cooperation among countries is associated with welfare gains akin to Harberger’s second-order magnitude triangle, thus making the odds of cooperation low. When bad tail events induce imminent threats of financial collapse, the perceived losses have a first-order magnitude of terminating the total Marshalian surpluses. The apprehension of these losses in perilous times may elicit rare and beneficial macro cooperation. We close the paper by overviewing the obstacles preventing cooperation and the proliferation of precautionary policies of emerging market economies as a second-best outcome of limited cooperation.     

奥地利与非欧盟国家科技合作新布局

奥地利国际科教合作传统上一直以欧盟及西巳尔干国家为主,但近年来国际经济科技形势的变化迫使奥地利对其国际科技合作战略进行重新思考和定位,将与非欧盟国家的合作提升到前所未有的高度。奥地利实现其国际科技合作的五大目标是:卓越目标、市场目标、资源优化目标、应对全球挑战目标和科技外交目标。为此,奥地利对合作国别进行了深入分析:确立了美国、中国、俄罗斯、印度4个非欧盟国家为其国际科教合作非常重要的国家,其中,中国为最需要加强合作的国家;确定了韩国、巴西、南非、以色列、加拿大、日本、土耳其、新加坡等非欧盟国家为其国际科技合作的重要国家,其中,韩国为需要加强合作的国家。     

产品差异与技术差距影响研发溢出的理论探讨

在传统研发溢出效应假设基础上，通过技术差距将溢出效应与产品差异有机联系起来，并通过构建双寡头企业两阶段博弈模型对研发卡特尔、生产卡特尔、完全合作等不同形式合作联盟的均衡水平和福利变化进行分析比较。研究证实：当企业间技术差距较小时，完全合作或研发卡特尔能有效提高企业利润和社会福利；而当技术差距较大时，研发阶段的合作不仅无法激励企业进行研发投入，还会抑制企业创新的积极性。此外，与完全合作相比，局部合作具有更强的稳定性和可持续性，尤其是在产品差异程度较大的情况下，研发卡特尔最为稳定。     

智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络结构特征与驱动机制研究

智能网联汽车技术研发具有高度复杂性和不确定性，跨国技术合作创新成为各国实现技术突破与引领的战略选择。运用社会网络分析方法和二次指派程序模型，以33023项专利为基础，探讨2006—2018年全球智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络结构特征与驱动机制。结果表明，从技术发展萌芽期到成长期，参与智能网联汽车技术合作的国家数呈快速增长态势，但整体合作网络还不够完整和规范。美国是智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络的集线器和枢纽，以美国、德国为首的传统科技强国在网络中占据绝对中心地位，网络具有明显的核心—边缘结构。块模型结果表明，智能网联汽车技术合作模式以核心国为中心，由核心国和强半边缘国主导。技术邻近性、社会邻近性、政策强度是智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络演化的主要驱动力，正向影响跨国技术合作关系演化。地理距离与制度距离在智能网联汽车技术合作中的作用随时间推移变得不显著。智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络驱动因素存在发展阶段、区域以及不同政策强度组合的“三维”异质性特征。各国应以更加开放的态度参与智能网联汽车技术研发合作，高度重视相关法规政策设计与实施，以实现国际技术合作创新与突破，推动全球传统汽车产业向智能化转型。     

近40年来中国与“一带一路”国家科技合作态势演变分析

建设“一带一路”是中国作出的重大战略决策,以Web of Science数据库为数据源,选取1978-2015年收录的中国国际合作论文作为样本,运用文献计量学、科学计量学、社会网络分析等方法,对近40年来中国与“一带一路”国家科技合作的总体发展态势、学科领域分布、主导地位变迁、合作依存性等进行分析。研究发现：中国与“一带一路”国家的科技合作呈增长趋势,但合作论文数量和质量仍有待提升;合作学科领域分布较广,但各学科领域具有较大差异性;在三国及以上多国合作中,中国的主导地位较弱,仍处于相对“从属”地位;在高质量国际合作论文中,中国及“一带一路”国家的“话语权”尚不明显。     

中国与俄罗斯煤炭领域的合作分析

中国和俄罗斯形成"中俄战略协作伙伴关系"至今已有15年,两国之间的关系被认为处在"有史以来最好的阶段"。随着中俄不断扩大双边合作,两国政府高度重视双方的经贸合作关系,尤其是在能源领域。从政府高层到相关企业,都在不断推进和完善中俄能源合作。煤炭领域的合作作为两国能源战略合作的新突破口,而双方合作的可行性应进行探讨。     

Explaining the Generation and Performance of Intersector Technology Cooperation: A Survey of the Literature

Intersector technology cooperation (ITC) has been growing dramatically in recent years. Why do companies, universities and Federal laboratories initiate such cooperation, and what makes them succeed? This paper analyzes the factors that impinge on the generation and performance of industry-university and industry-Federal laboratories cooperation. Drawing on current research, this article shows that the factors affecting decisions to initiate cooperation are different from those that measure success. Lessons learned from these findings are discussed and implications given for companies either considering or already in such cooperation.     

中国(云南)与东盟国家科技合作现状及对策研究

在分析中国-东盟科技合作的制度环境,云南与东盟科技合作现状、存在问题的基础上,结合区域间科技合作的特点和规律,就进一步推进云南与东盟科技合作提出了相应的对策建议。     

Marx,Lenin and the Cooperative Movement

Drawing upon the writings of Marx and Lenin, this article refutes the widely shared but incorrect assumption that Marx and Lenin rejected cooperation even as a mode of production for the transitional period. It reviews Marx's belief that cooperatives would gradually supplant capitalistic firms, and that the generalised growth of cooperation would give rise to a new mode of production; the article also analyses Lenin's 1923 article on cooperation in which not only is cooperation described as a major step in the transition to socialism, but even equated with socialism at large. The hypotheses of this article are supported through a close reading of these works and also shed light on numerous implications arising from this reading.     

中国节能减排国际科学研究合作特征分析

基于ESI论文数据库,使用科学计量学方法和指标,从合作国家、学科、合作机构和高质量论文等方面,探究2003—2012年期间中国开展的节能减排国际科学研究合作的特征。研究结果表明:中国节能减排领域的国际合作论文总量快速增长,合作国家数不断增多,合作论文质量逐渐提高,合作深度不断增强,高质量论文主要集中在化学、材料科学和物理等中国传统优势学科领域。     

Academic commercialization and changing nature of academic cooperation

Recent economic policies emphasize the role of academic science in technological innovation and economic growth and encourage universities and individual academics to engage in commercial activities. In this trend of academic commercialization, a growing concern has been expressed that its potential incompatibility with the traditional norms of open science could undermine the cooperative climate in academia. Drawing on the framework of evolution of the cooperation, this study examines the changing nature of academic cooperation under the current policy trend. In an ideal state of open science, academics are supposed to cooperate gratis and unconditionally. However, results predict that the commercialized regime could compromise underlying mechanisms of cooperation and allow defectors to prevail. As the trend further grows, academics would become more demanding of direct reward in exchange for cooperation, and they would refrain from engaging in cooperation but would prefer to work independently. Some interventions (e.g., centralized rewarding) could mitigate the problem but require delicate system design.     

基于演化博弈的产学研合作稳定性分析

随着知识经济的到来,科技与经济一体化成为了当今发展的主旋律,产学研合作是科学技术转化为生产力的有效途径,同时也成为技术创新和经济发展的必然要求。产学研合作的稳定性,对于产学研合作各方来说都是至关重要的。基于此,相对于完全理性假设下的传统博弈分析,本文应用了“有限理性”假设下的演化博弈研究方法,考察产学研合作各方的收益情况与产学研合作稳定性的关系以及产学研合作渐进稳定的过程,通过研究发现合作与合作的纳什均衡只是产学研合作稳定性的必要非充分条件,而第一次合作意愿的大小与合作效应的大小是产学研合作稳定的重要决定条件。     

基于社会网络视角的科研合作网络结构及特性分析——以战略性新兴产业领域为例

战略性新兴产业是近几年新出现的研究热点,对其科研合作网络的研究,有助于探究该领域的科研合作现状与发展趋势。基于社会网络分析方法,以中国知网(CNKI)作为数据来源,构建了战略性新兴产业领域作者合作网络、关键词共现网络、作者-关键词耦合网络及机构合作网络,对合作网络的结构及特性等进行了分析。结果表明:战略性新兴产业领域论文合著率基本呈上升趋势,但该领域整体合作仍较为松散,存在较多的小团体;合作网络具有小世界和无标度特性,具有较大影响力的节点作为合作网络的中心,影响着网络内的学术交流和科研工作的开展。     

Cooperative R&D and Strategic Trade Policy with Bertrand Competition

This paper uses a strategic trade policy model to analyze the welfare effects from allowing cooperation in R&D when firms compete in a price‐setting game in the product market. A policy game between two governments is analyzed, where each government chooses a particular cooperative R&D policy in order to maximize national welfare. At the Nash equilibrium to this game only one government allows cooperation in R&D. This equilibrium is both individually and jointly optimal. International cooperation in R&D is superior to no cooperation in R&D but is inferior to the Nash equilibrium of the government policy game.     

中国制造业企业与跨国公司合作战略绩效

本文构建出了包含中国制造业企业的资源与能力、中国制造业企业与跨国公司合作伙伴之间的关系以及合作治理的结构特征3个层面的整合模型,提出了相应理论假设,并以中国制造业企业为样本进行问卷调研和统计分析。实证结果表明,中国制造业企业的组织吸收能力、组织沟通能力跨国公司的资源互补性,中国制造业企业与跨国公司合作伙伴之间的目标一致性、信任水平、承诺水平,以及合作治理结构的正式化程度、集权化程度和复杂化程度对合作战略绩效具有显著影响。     

Industrial interactions and academic patenting: evidence from German scientists

Using a unique survey of scientists at a large public research organization, this paper examines the effects of industry interactions on academic patenting. Two types of collaborations, industrial cooperation and consulting, are considered. Results show that both cooperation and consultancy increase the likelihood of patenting. However, only the positive influence of industrial cooperation stands up to robustness checks. Effects of personal, professional and institutional factors are in line with the literature, yet with some differences across cooperation and consultancy. Implications for research policy concerning academic patenting and challenges that industry may experience are discussed.     

The clan and the corporation: Sustaining cooperation in China and Europe

Over the last millennium, the clan and the corporation have been the loci of cooperation in China and Europe respectively. This paper examines – analytically and historically – the cultural and institutional co-evolution that led to this bifurcation. We highlight that groups with which individuals identify are basic units of cooperation. Such loyalty groups influence institutional development because intra-group moral commitment reduces enforcement cost implying a comparative advantage in pursuing collective actions. Loyalty groups perpetuate due to positive feedbacks between morality, institutions, and the implied pattern of cooperation.