European Agriculture in the Wake of Globalisation: What are the Prospects for its Diversity?

The multifunctional European agricultural sector has not lost any of its significance for our society and our rural areas. Five building blocks and fields of action are of particular importance for the future: (1) Fulfilling our political responsibility in the current WTO negotiations, not only in economic, but also in social and ecological terms; (2) Recognising new opportunities and tapping into potential with foresight, potential which is currently becoming particularly apparent in the case of renewable resources; (3) Continuing to focus on the great strengths of the European agricultural sector: the long-term stability of our economic system, large market outlets virtually on our doorstep, high qualification and training levels, modern and efficient agricultural research systems and upstream and downstream industries, along with the wide variety of high-quality products and regional diversity; (4) Eliminating existing weaknesses, in particular by reducing bureaucratic obstacles; and (5) Early detection of threats and ensuring robustness and stability in European agri-food systems through development of adequate prevention and crisis response mechanisms. In this way, the 'European agricultural model' will become a motor for future development. After all, the multifaceted European agricultural sector can trigger and promote regional growth.     

Who Cares about Environmental Stigmas and Does It Matter? A Latent Segmentation Analysis of Stated Preferences for Real Estate

This article uses latent segmentation analysis to estimate the benefits of contaminant cleanup in Waukegan Harbor, Illinois. Survey responses to attitudinal and perception questions provide significant information about the existence of distinct preference groups. By comparison, the predictive usefulness of demographic covariates is unclear. The expected aggregate willingness-to-pay of Waukegan homeowners for full cleanup is approximately equivalent to a 20% increase in the market value of homes. The aggregate estimate is little affected by the identification of preference clusters.     

中国的农业谁来反倾销

中国加入WTO后,随着农业市场准入条件的放宽,国外农产品出口到中国的数量、品种都会增加,国外出口商与中国农产品生产者之间以及国外出口商之间为争夺中国农产品市场的竞争也会加剧,为占有更多的中国农产品市场,国外出口商会采取倾销的手段进行不公平竞争。为保护中国农业生产免遭进口产品倾销的损害,必须进行反倾销。但是,目前中国农业小规模生产、分散经营以及农业生产管理体制的滞后,使农业反倾销缺乏有效主体。必须加强农业生产组织、行业组织及政府的农业管理职能建设,解决中国农业反倾销有效主体的缺位问题,保护农业生产免遭来自进口产品的不公平竞争。     

现代农业生物技术与政府管理:一个研究综述

本文考察了目前国内外现代农业生物技术与政府管理方面的研究进展，主要涉及现代农业生物技术的经济福利分析、各利益相关者的行为和态度分析、农业转基因生物安全性管理、与现代农业生物技术相关的知识产权和公共投资、转基因农产品国际贸易等方面，并在此基础上提出了现代农业生物技术全面创新管理的思想。     

Auctions as a Means of Creating a Market for Public Goods from Agriculture

The paper looks at the possibility of creating a market for environmental goods and services in the countryside by awarding conservation contracts to farmers on the basis of competitive bidding. Auctions have several theoretical advantages over alternative allocation mechanisms (such as standard-rate payments) because they allow the participants to deal with informational asymmetries and the uncertainty about the value of the (non-market) goods being traded. A formal model of bidding behaviour in ‘green auctions’ shows that bidding strategies are determined by the individual farmers' costs of implementing the conservation contracts and their beliefs about the maximum acceptable payment level, making the auction an imperfect cost revelation mechanism. Auctions can reduce the information rents accruing to farmers and can increase the cost-effectiveness of public goods provision. Strategic bidding behaviour in multiple-signup auctions as well as high transaction costs are potential sources of reduced efficiency.     

公共投资对农业生产率和非农就业的影响研究

本文在分析我国农业生产率和农村地区劳动力非农就业现状的基础上，采用GMM方法检验了两者之间的因果关系，并在一个统一的分析框架下，通过构建联立方程模型具体分析了公共投资对农业生产率和非农就业的影响。研究结果表明，农业生产率和非农就业之间存在双向因果关系，非农就业水平的提高会促进农业生产率的增长，而农业生产率的增长反过来会进一步提高非农就业水平；公共投资对农业生产率和非农就业均有显著的正向影响，但不同类型的公共投资对农业生产率和非农就业的影响存在一定差异。     

土地用途管制下农地城市流转的公众福利动态研究

研究目的:分析土地用途管制政策下农地城市流转的福利损失状况,研究农地保护政策的最优选择。研究方法:理论分析方法,模型分析方法。研究结果:中国土地用途管制政策(动态土地用途管制)优于静态土地用途管制、税收等政策,但仍然存在福利损失,不是最优的政策选择。研究结论:(1)土地用途管制易于产生政策规避行为和违法用地现象,同时政策制定存在困难;(2)农地保护政策的研究应考虑农地城市流转的动态变化因素;(3)地方政府进行农地流转决策需要考虑农地流转过程中非经济福利的损失。为实现农地城市流转福利优化,地方政府应在流转发生的同时,支出等同于当地非经济损失的资金进行弥补。     

What Works at Work: Six Lessons for the Classroom

The main purpose of this article is to help teaching faculty discover ways to improve the design and delivery of their courses. University faculty can learn much about the practice of teaching from their human resources development counterparts in business and industry who are responsible for designing and conducting training programs for working adults. The primary emphasis of the article is therefore directed toward specific training techniques and how they have been applied in actual training and classroom situations. The article's basic structure is organized around 'lessons.' Every lesson is followed by one or more suggestions for its application.     

Agriculture for development: new paradigm and options for success

The role of agriculture as an instrument for industrialization had been rigorously conceptualized in the 1960s and 1970s under the classical paradigm of development economics. After many implementation failures under import substitution industrialization policies and protracted neglect of agriculture under the policies of the Washington Consensus that followed the debt crisis, agriculture has gradually returned in the development agenda, especially with the food crisis. We argue in this article that a new paradigm has started to emerge as to how to use agriculture for development, pursuing a broadened development agenda. We explore the specifications of this paradigm and discuss conditions for successful implementation.     

禅宗农业的形成与发展

禅宗农业是寺院经济的重要组成部分，禅者的生活和修行方式促进了禅宗农业的形成与发展。长期开垦荒地和“一日不作一日不食”是禅宗农业的最大特点。同时，具有一定规模的禅宗农业对禅宗的发展有着重要影响，并因之形成了“农禅并重”文化传统。     

EU Reform of the Sugar Beet Regime: Implications for UK Agriculture

The purpose of this article is to discuss possible scenarios for UK sugar beet production after the reform of the sugar regime. The analysis is built on an evaluation undertaken by the University of Cambridge and The Royal Agricultural College of the impact that reforming the EU sugar regime may have on UK agriculture. The analysis focuses on the implications of reductions in quota and the support price and on the possible reactions by British Sugar, as the final outcome in terms of production will depend on the interaction between British Sugar and sugar beet farmers. The analysis indicates that British Sugar strategies such as reallocating the available quota to the more efficient producers or paying higher beet prices might mitigate the impacts of the reform. The key factor in limiting the overall impact on production is the extent that the industry can restructure and reduce its cost base. For example, following a 40 per cent reduction in the sugar beet price we estimate that if farmers could reduce their average costs by 20 per cent, about 52 per cent of UK beet production would still be viable, compared to less than 20 per cent if costs were not altered.     

创意农业：中国农业发展的新机遇

创意农业是以增加农产品附加值为目标,在农产品生产、加工与营销过程中进行创意生产,创造农民独特增收模式,实现农业增产、农民增收、农村繁荣,构建农村创意生产方式和生活方式。该文主要就我国发展创意农业等有关问题进行了分析。