浅析我国上市公司外部治理中的信息披露问题

近年来,国内许多学者从分析公司的内部治理入手,强调公司产权明晰与激励机制等措施对完善公司治理的重要性。目前从外部治理的角度分析公司治理的研究成果比较少见。本文从外部治理的市场角度与政府监管角度,利用案例分析方法,揭示我国在构建外部治理信息披露方面所存在的问题,并提出完善外部治理信息披露的若干建议,不断完善我国现代企业制度。     

公司治理的模式及借鉴

文章通过对英美模式、大陆模式、家族模式公司治理的比较分析 ,归纳出公司治理的共同要素 :问责机制、公平性、透明性、竞争性。并以此分析我国公司治理结构存在的差距和问题 ,给出我国公司治理结构建立的对策 ,以促进我国公司治理的发展与完善     

农业政策性银行公司治理问题研究

农业政策性银行改革是深化农村金融体制改革的重要环节,而完善公司治理机制是农业发展银行改革的关键.在全面考虑农业发展银行的公司治理特殊性基础上,分析其公司治理存在的问题,并提出完善农业政策性银行公司治理的政策建议.     

上市公司治理结构对会计信息质量的影响研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,上市公司数量逐渐增多,其披露的会计信息质量则是参差不齐.会计信息是公司治理的产物,公司治理与会计信息质量之间存在着理论基础的交叉重叠,委托代理理论和产权理论是两者共同的理论基础.因此,公司治理结构模式与会计信息质量之间存在着相互影响的关系.本文在分析这种理论关系的基础之上提出了完善公司治理与提高会计信息质量的相关建议.     

我国上市公司股权结构存在的问题研究

上市公司的股权结构治理问题一直是学术界关注的一个热点问题。股权结构在很大程度上影响公司控制权的配置及治理机制的运作方式,并在某种情况下影响公司治理的效率。本文针对公司治理中股权集中与股权分散的绩效来进行研究。首先,从股权结构与公司治理它们之间存在哪些必要的联系分析入手,分析探讨了我国上市公司股权结构的现状及存在的问题,继而提出了解决存在问题的六点对策;最后,以我国吉利集团与美国微软公司为案例,实证分析了公司治理中股权集中与股权分散的绩效。     

浅谈资本结构对公司治理的影响

企业的资本结构和公司治理是企业理论和实践中的至关重要的问题,资本结构对公司治理有着十分重要的影响.改革开放30年来,我国企业的资本结构不断完善,但也存在很多问题,进而制约了公司治理的完善,因此研究资本结构对公司治理的影响,发现我国企业的资本结构存在的问题,并找到解决问题的对策尤为重要.     

浅谈对完善公司治理的认识与对策

我国企业改革的目标和方向是建立现代企业制度.这一制度变革和创新,在转换企业经营机制、落实企业经营自主权、提高个业经济效益、促进国民经济发展等方面,日益显示其明显的优势和作用.但同时,我们也应该注意到,随之也产生了一些亟待改进和解决的问题,且这些问题较多地集中表现在公司治理结构的不完善和公司治理的不规范上.因此,笔者试就目前公司治理中存在的问题及如何改进与完善公司治理、提升公司治理水平等方面,谈几点对策.     

浅谈监事会在公司治理中的职能定位

公司治理结构是所有权与经营权分离时形成的公司内部股东、董事与经理等之间关系基本定位.我国的公司治理结构主要包括股东大会、董事会、经理人和监事会.我国<公司法>规定监事的监管职能,但是存在着诸多问题造成监事并不能充分行使有效监督.本文首先分析公司治理结构中的监事会的内涵与职能作用,并分析其存在的缺陷,最后针对性的提出完善监事会制度的有效措施.     

谈公司治理下内部控制失效的原因--从上市公司内控研究出发

近几年来,由于内部控制无力导致不少公司倒闭,内部控制逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。我国的内部控制问题,突出表现在公司治理不健全,内部控制弱化,关键人凌驾于内部控制之上,管理层串通舞弊案例频繁不断。这些无不显示出那些内部控制存在缺陷的企业一般都存在企业管理上比较薄弱,缺乏有效的公司治理结构。文章重点分析了公司治理视角下当前企业内部控制的现状,然后提出了构建有效内部控制的合理建议。     

IT治理与国有商业银行改革

我国国有商业银行在公司治理机制改革以后,存在许多产权和管理方面的问题,本文通过分析现阶段我国国有商业银行公司治理结构存在的问题,以及股份制商业银行实行公司治理的机制与途径,对国有商业银行改制给出了一些建议.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.