投资者结构是中国股票市场定价因子吗？

机构投资者持股比例可能会影响股票的预期收益，本文尝试探究投资者结构是否是中国股票市场定价因子。本文利用A股数据构建投资者结构因子，并将该因子加入Carhart四因子模型中进行实证回归。研究发现：(1)投资者结构是沪深股票市场定价因子，该结论通过了稳健性检验；(2)相对于沪深主板市场，创业板与科创板市场的投资者结构因子溢价更高；(3)新冠疫情提高了沪深股票市场的投资者结构因子溢价。本文补充了A股市场在资产定价方面的研究，为A股市场投资端改革提供了经验证据。     

短期羊群行为的影响因素与价格效应——基于高频数据的实证检验

通过创新性地使用日内高频交易数据对A股市场中的羊群行为进行研究,本文发现:(1)羊群行为具有短期脆弱性特征,随着度量频率的提高,羊群行为的程度严格递增。(2)信息不对称程度、机构投资者比例、股票规模等因素,会显著影响短期羊群行为程度。(3)短期羊群行为会伴随着明显的价格反转:短期买入(卖出)羊群行为后,股票的超额收益显著为负(正),并且短期羊群行为越显著,价格反转的程度越大。(4)价格反转效应存在不对称性:规模越大、交易越活跃的股票,短期买入羊群行为的价格反转越明显,而短期卖出羊群行为的价格反转越不明显。     

中国A股市场上的机构投资者是理性的吗——基于知情交易视角的分析

本文利用2000~2014年沪深两市A股一般上市公司季度数据,研究机构投资者知情交易与特征组合相对超额收益的关系。实证结果显示:第一,当机构投资者知情交易变大时,持有盈余价格比高、利润总额同比增长率高、账面市值比低、价格高、规模大的股票的当期相对超额收益变大,知情机构投资者是理性的。第二,当机构投资者知情交易变大时,持有股息率低、盈余价格比低、利润总额同比增长率低、账面市值比低、价格低、规模小的股票的未来相对超额收益变大,知情机构投资者是非理性的。知情机构投资者并非是完全理性的,由于其更关注当期利益,而忽略长期价值投资,不利于维护股市的稳定。     

投资者情绪会影响股票市场的误定价吗?——基于上证A股市场的实证研究

本文以2003~2016年上海证券交易所A股市场为研究对象,运用主成分分析法构建反映投资者情绪的综合指数,结合Fama-French三因子模型,分析投资者情绪与股票市场误定价的关系。研究发现:我国股票市场整体存在误定价,在模型加入情绪因子后,股票的误定价消失,表明投资者情绪确实与股票市场的误定价有关。进一步分析得出,投资者情绪与投资组合的超额收益正相关;我国股票市场的资产价格与基准相比存在被高估的情况;乐观的投资者情绪是股票市场误定价产生的原因。     

股市收益、个股情绪与市场监管

投资者情绪是影响资产定价的重要因素。本文以我国A股市场为研究对象,构造了个股情绪beta指数,并基于1991—2020年的股票样本,借助Fama-MacBeth回归进行了实证分析。实证结果表明：A股市场存在投资者情绪重复和反转效应,个股情绪beta指数,在情绪高涨期与股票超额收益正相关,在情绪低迷期与股票超额收益负相关;股权分置改革后,个股情绪beta指数较大的股票,在未来情绪高涨期回报率更高,在未来情绪低迷期回报率更低;与市场情绪beta指数相比,个股情绪beta指数对股票未来收益的预测能力更强。鉴此,监管部门对股票市场应该关注“情绪监管”,依据投资者的情绪变化,识别潜在市场泡沫或非理性繁荣,建立完善的风险预警机制,以确保资本市场的稳定运行。     

杠杆投资者融资交易行为模式研究——来自A股市场的经验证据

自2010年证监会推出融资融券方案以来,A股市场上融资交易和融资余额都出现了较为显著的增长.目前A股市场上融资余额总量已达到万亿元的水平,对于中国股市的重要性日趋增加.有鉴于此,有必要对杠杆投资者的融资交易行为模式以及其对A股定价机制的影响进行更加深入地研究.本文通过实证研究检验杠杆投资者的融资交易行为模式与市场回报率、流动性等重要指标之间的相关关系.研究发现,滞后股票收益与杠杆投资者的净融资交易额之间存在着显著的正相关关系,说明我国杠杆投资者总体而言是追涨杀跌的趋势追逐者.股票价格下跌对融资交易的影响显著大于股票价格上涨所带来的影响,且这种不对称性在很大程度上是由市场收益而非个股异质性收益所引起的.此外,杠杆投资者的融资交易行为与未来股票周度收益之间存在负相关关系,这种负相关主要是由融资净卖出所引起的.     

信息不确定、坏消息与投资者交易行为

本文以2000年至2010年的A股上市公司违法违规事件为样本,分析该类事件中信息不确定性的影响,以及市场反应中的投资者交易行为。研究发现:上市公司市场价值在事件日呈显著下跌;然而,与直觉有些相悖的是,信息不确定程度与超额累积收益呈显著正相关,这意味着在坏消息到来时,不确定性反而提高了股票的市场价值;最后,通过对各类投资者在此类事件中的净买入情况分析,我们发现不同投资者的交易行为有明显差异。机构投资者在坏消息中采用了反向交易策略,并且知情交易促进机构投资者的买入。     

中国股市短期价格趋势策略适用性实证检验

对深沪两市所有A股1995～2004间交易日数据的研究发现:在连续上涨3个交易日内和连续下跌4个交易日内,个股收益动量效应显著,且超额收益率与连续涨跌时间呈现正向相关关系;连续涨跌超过这个范围,个股收益呈现反转效应,建立在股票连续涨跌天数基础上的短期价格趋势投资策略可获超额回报.     

机构投资者大幅增减仓对股票价格的影响研究——基于2014年中报数据的实证分析

运用事件研究法,选取2014年中报不同类型机构投资者大幅增减仓幅度、股票的超额收益率、同方向操作的机构数量等作为被研究变量,通过Stata12、Excel软件分析机构大幅增减仓在中短期内对股票价格的影响。研究发现,不同机构大幅增减仓对股价的影响有较大差异,机构大幅增仓比大幅减仓对股票的正面影响明显更大,但减仓的股票整体上也存在超额收益率;机构投资者增减仓幅度与股票超额收益率正相关,机构同买同卖的行为存在一定程度的"羊群效应"。因此,国家需进一步鼓励机构投资者的发展,引入更多的QFII,促进保险、券商、信托与基金发行差异化理财产品,机构应当理性投资,挖掘优质股票,避免羊群行为以减少对股票价格的冲击。     

机构投资者大幅增减仓对股票价格的影响研究--基于2014年中报数据的实证分析

运用事件研究法,选取2014年中报不同类型机构投资者大幅增减仓幅度、股票的超额收益率、同方向操作的机构数量等作为被研究变量,通过Stata12、Excel软件分析机构大幅增减仓在中短期内对股票价格的影响。研究发现,不同机构大幅增减仓对股价的影响有较大差异,机构大幅增仓比大幅减仓对股票的正面影响明显更大,但减仓的股票整体上也存在超额收益率;机构投资者增减仓幅度与股票超额收益率正相关,机构同买同卖的行为存在一定程度的“羊群效应”。因此,国家需进一步鼓励机构投资者的发展,引入更多的QFII,促进保险、券商、信托与基金发行差异化理财产品,机构应当理性投资,挖掘优质股票,避免羊群行为以减少对股票价格的冲击。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.