小额支付系统运行中的五个问题

小额支付系统是中国现代化支付系统的重要组成部分,自上线运行以来,系统比较稳定,但实际操作中存在一些问题。一、系统自动识别功能不完善。系统对未开通小额支付系统的行、社发起往账,只能通过大额支付系统通道处理。对于发起行来说,发起业务是大额业务还是小额支付业务,需人为判断,影响了业务处理的速度。     

中小城市小额支付系统 业务发展缓慢的成因和对策

自2006年4月小额支付系统在全国推广运行以来,小额支付系统所提供的便利的支付清算服务正发挥越来越大的作用。但从中小城市运行的实际来看,由于种种原因,小额支付业务尚未完全开展。小额支付系统业务量较小,业务发展缓慢,存在支付系统业务量不饱和、支付系统资源闲置现象。     

小额支付系统推广运行工作已经在11个省份成功上线

根据人行办公厅关于小额支付系统自3月底在江苏、湖北、重庆、河北、江西、新疆推广运行的通知，目前已经有福建、天津、北京、海南、甘肃、江苏、湖北、重庆、河北、江西、新疆等11个省份加入小额支付系统推广运行。推广省内各支付系统参与可与上述支付系统参与互通小额支付业务，并通过小额支付系统办理小额支付业务的查询查复。     

对小额支付系统业务发展制约因素的分析及建议

目前,小额支付系统已在全国范围内推广运行.小额支付系统具有普通贷记业务、定期贷记业务、普通借记业务、定期借记业务、信息服务业务、通存通兑业务等13项业务功能,其运行旨在提升我国银行业的整体服务水平,增强金融业乃至整个国民经济的竞争能力.但由于种种原因,小额支付业务占整个异地资金汇划业务的比重偏低,其大批量、低成本清算资金的优势还没有发挥出来,与小额支付系统上线初衷相距甚远.     

基层行小额支付系统业务量偏少的原因与对策

中国现代化支付系统由大额实时支付系统和小额批量系统组成。小额批量支付系统实行批量发送支付指令，轧差净额清算资金，不仅支撑各种支付业务，还可处理借记业务，基本满足了社会各种经济活动的需求。湖北省咸宁市于2006年3月27日上线小额支付系统，但从目前运行的情况来看，小额支付系统的业务量明显偏少，系统使用效率较低。例如2006年第三季度共发送异地跨行支付往账业务18900笔，     

小额支付系统业务简介

大额支付系统运行平稳后。作为支付系统的重要组成部分．小额支付系统即将上线。为使管理及操作小额支付系统的相关人员对该系统的业务有一个整体认识．现从业务运行的角度对该系统的业务作以下介绍。供大家参考。[编按]     

海西地区小额支付系统推广中存在的问题及建议

人民银行建设小额支付系统旨在为社会提供低成本、大业务量、安全、高效的支付清算服务,它是一项便民、利民工程。由于海西地处欠发达地区,经济基础薄弱,小额支付系统推广运行还存在一些问题,系统功能作用尚未充分有效发挥,亟需开拓业务空间,加大系统运行力度。为此,笔者对海西地区金融机构小额支付系统业务发展情况进行了调查,并提出了相关建议。     

小额批量支付系统业务介绍

一、什么是小额批量支付系统小额批量支付系统（以下简称“小额支付系统”）是继大额实时支付系统之后中国人民银行建设运行的又一重要应用系统，是中国现代化支付系统的主要业务子系统和组成部分。它主要处理同城和异地纸凭证截留的借记支付业务和小额贷记支付业务，支付指令批量发送，轧差净额清算资金，旨在为社会提供低成本、[第一段]     

黑河市小额支付系统借记业务零需求的成因与对策

小额支付系统是中国现代化支付系统的重要组成部分，通过小额支付系统办理公用事业单位定期代收费业务即借记业务是小额支付系统的一项基本业务功能，它可实现跨行缴纳水、电、通讯等费用，不仅加速资金周转，而且达到便民、利民之目的。但是这一新兴业务在黑河市的推广却受到金融部门和公用事业单位的“冷遇”，经问卷调查，自4月24日小额支付系统在黑河市运行以来，共办理小额业务约1000余笔，其中竟无一笔借记业务，黑河市对小额定期借记支付业务呈现“零需求”状态。那么小额支付系统定期借记业务在黑河市缘何“水土不服”？据调查了解，小额定期借记业务推广过程中存在着一系列问题和矛盾，有待进一步探讨。     

制约小额支付系统借记业务推广的原因及对策

2006年4月24日小额支付系统在山东上线运行。一年多来,小额支付系统借记业务发展非常缓慢。本文结合工作实践,深入剖析了制约借记业务发展的原因,提出了相应对策建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.