关于合资经营项目经济评价中自有资金现金流量模式的探讨

一、问题的提出目前合资经营项目经济评价，在我国大家已十分熟悉。国家计委1987年和1993年先后发布的两版《方法与参数》对合资经营项目经济评价、各种评价模式都做了明确的规定。有关部门和单位遵照《方法与参数》的评价模式进行了大量的合资经营项目经济评价，为投资决策提供了大量的信息和依据。随着经济评价实践的不断深化，技术经济工作者根据个人的实践，对规定的一些评价方法模式开始提出一些意见和建议，这对完善我国的评价方法、提高评价水平无疑是有利的。以下就合资经营项目经济评价中自有资金现金流量模式提出一些问题进行讨论…     

中外合资项目经济评价的主要特点

中外合资项目是我国吸引外资的一种重要方式，中外合资项目的经济评价工作无论在深度或广度、花费的人力和物力方面，一般都大于非合资项目，特别在确定目标市场，加强市场调研、确定基本参数，分析项目特点、确定合理的价格体系，寻找合适的预测价格、确定基本收益率、确定融资方案，合理安排资金诸方面均有其独到之处，值得借鉴。     

项目跟踪经济评价及案例分析

依据我国项目的技术经济评价的现状及其发展，论述了项目跟踪经济评价的含义、特点。进而，在阐明项目跟踪经济评价的内容与基本方法的基础上，对指标体系进行了探讨。结合案例对跟踪经济评价作进一步的阐释，从而建立了相关的项目跟踪经济评价体系。     

政策法规

《电力工业引进外商投资建设火电项目经济评价实施细则》该《细则》包括总则、财务评价、国民经济评估、不确定性分析、方案比较方法、综合经济评价结论与分析、附则等共七章六十九条。该《细则》是根据国家计委制定的《方法与参数》（第二版）、财政部发布的《企业财务通则》及《企业会计准则》，结合电力工业的特点和有关财务制度编制的。适用于中外双方利用现金合资、合作经营的新建、扩建火电工程项目（以下简称合营项目）。外商独资经营项目可结合项目的特点参照该《细则》进行经济评价；《细则》规定，合营项目在合营各方共同确认并向…     

股权投资项目经济评价方法探讨

《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》规定的股权投资项目经济评价方法,在实际应用时存在两个问题:一是同一项目在其他条件完全相同的情况下,合资方式与独资相比,投资者收益大幅下降;二是合作项目无法使用规定的方法。目前用于股权投资项目的经济评价方法,其评价结果不能反映股权投资者的真实效益,可能导致决策失误。产生问题的原因是股权投资的评价方法与项目及资本金的评价方法不一致。对于同股同权项目,没有必要重新计算各投资方的效益指标,可根据资本金现金流量表直接计算各投资方的效益。合作项目投资方效益的计算,只能依据合同约定进行,没有统一的计算方法和格式。对于股权收购项目,经济评价方法应根据收购方式不同而不同。     

关于全部投资现金流量表所得税前后内部收益率的含义及作用探讨

阐述了技术经济评价指标内部收益率（ＩＲＲ）的含义及作用。从内部收益率的基本概念出发，依据建设项目经济评价方法，适应国家财税体制改革和新的财税制度，探讨了全部投资税金流量表中的所得税前后及所得税后内部收益率在考察项目本身获利能力和效益情况时的不同作用和适用范围，同时以实例验证结论：所得税前内部收益率不受资金来源及贷款条件变化的影响，更适宜作为各个投资方案进行比选的基础。为工程设计方案技术经济评价提供     

节水灌溉工程国民经济评价及计算方法

节水灌溉项目的经济评价是灌溉项目决策阶段的核心和进行项目决策的主要依据。根据目前节水灌溉工程项目经济评价中存在着经济评价的范围单一，计算方法可操作性和准确性较差等问题，考虑到集约化农业的发展，农业的种植模式和种植结构的改变，从农业生产的成本与效益，投入与产出的基本原则出发，提出了在节水灌溉工程项目经济评价时应遵循的基本原则和新的计算方法。     

天然气管道改扩建项目经济评价问题初探

在改扩建项目经济评价中,对于评价方法的适用性、评价范围的界定和计算期的确定,存在着不同的学术观点.天然气管道改扩建项目分为输能约束类和技术约束类,其技术经济特性包括以增量盘活存量、改扩建与生产同步进行带来的复杂性、项目效益的多样化等.在选择天然气管道改扩建项目的经济评价方法时,不能仅仅考虑增量指标的结果,必须根据总量指标作进一步分析.在评价的范围、计算期的界定、评价参数的选取和经济评价的原则等方面,应充分考虑管道改扩建项目的具体情况和特殊性.     

水电建设项目经济评价

1概述为加强水电建设项目经济评价工作，实现水电建设项目的科学化，以促进水电事业的发展，能源部（电力部）、水利部水利水电规划设计总院根据国家计委（建设项目经济评价与参数）和国家现行的财税规定，结合水电建设的特点和具体情况，先后作出（水电建设项目实施细则）和《水电建设项目财务评价暂行规定》，据以指导水电建设项目的科学决策工作。建设项目经济评价是项目建议书和预可研报告的重要组成部分，是项目决策的重要手段。项目建议书阶段的经济评价重点是围绕项目立项建设的必要性和可行性，分析论证项目的经济条件及经济状况，…     

谈谈机器设备的资产评估

在中外合资企业中,一般是外商以资金、技术等作为投资,中方则以厂房、设备作为投资,这就涉及到对现有资产的评估.现就设备资产评估工作谈以下几点看法. 一、合资前期的基础工作作为合资项目,必须编制项目建议书和设计可行性分析方案.在编写这些文件时,首先遇到的问题就是     

‘Trojan horse’ or ‘Workhorse’? the evolution of U.S.–Japanese joint ventures in the United States

Foreign investors and their domestic joint venture partners must find ways to share the benefits of the venture if both sides are to be satisfied. Some work in the literature on joint ventures has asserted that there is a danger in all joint ventures, and especially joint ventures with Japanese, that one side will exploit the venture for its own gain, using it as a Trojan Horse. To test this assertion, we build a full data set of Japanese firms with joint ventures in the United States and track the ventures over time. Our data show that the Japanese partners do not take actions consistent with the Trojan Horse hypothesis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

程序公平对新产品开发成功的影响——跨职能整合的中介作用

本文通过对中外汽车合资企业的实地调研，提出将程序公平引入现有关于跨职能整合与新产品开发成功的模型中，并进一步提出跨职能整合在合资企业程序公平与新产品开发成功关系中的中介作用。通过对获取数据的分析，发现合资企业程序公平不仅可以直接影响合资企业的新产品开发成功，而且也可以通过跨职能整合间接影响新产品开发成功，而跨职能整合在程序公平与新产品开发成功关系中起中介作用。     

When do wholly owned subsidiaries perform better than joint ventures?

This study explores when wholly owned subsidiaries outperform joint ventures with local partners. In order to avoid the endogeneity problem inherent in foreign subsidiaries' operating mode decisions that might confound performance measurement, we employ the propensity score matching method, along with the difference‐in‐differences approach, and compare the performances of joint ventures turned wholly owned subsidiaries vis‐à‐vis continuing joint ventures. Based on foreign subsidiaries' financial data in China for 1998–2006, we find strong evidence that converted wholly owned subsidiaries outperform continuing joint ventures in industries characterized by high levels of intangible assets such as technology or brand, after controlling for factors that may affect the conversion decision. This finding is consistent with the prediction of transaction cost theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint ventures vs. Non-joint ventures: An empirical investigation

This paper describes a longitudinal empirical study comparing joint ventures and non-joint ventures in the petroleum industry as they compete for oil and gas leases. Results indicate that, while enjoying a significant advantage in market power, joint ventures do not perform any better than non-joint ventures at identifying potentially productive leases. Because of the higher payments made for these leases, the overall performance of joint ventures is significantly lower than that of non-joint ventures.     

ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE RESEARCH SHARING JOINT VENTURES*

Research sharing is an important objective of many research joint ventures. When partners share R&D but do not maximize joint profits, large consortia are more profitable than small ones, and joint ventures prefer dispersed rivals. For much of the spillover space, a coalition formation game that permits limited membership predicts that at most, three joint ventures form. Research‐sharing joint ventures improve welfare when spillovers are low, and banning research sharing joint ventures is beneficial for high spillovers. With imperfect research sharing and low spillovers, allowing only research sharing is the best industry‐wide joint venture alternative for consumer surplus.     

Strategic Response to a Volatile Environment: The Case of Cross-Cultural Cooperative Ventures

Unlike free-standing companies, joint ventures involve more complex governance structures and organizational systems. Because of interpartner dependence in the managerial process, it is more difficult for joint ventures to configure their strategies with environmental dynamics. Without such configuration, however, joint ventures will suffer from operational instability and resource misallocation. This study assesses the strategic response of joint ventures to a dynamic environment. Based on a survey of top managers in international joint ventures (IJVs) in China, it is found that managerial perceptions of increased environmental complexity and hostility are positively related to an Analyzer strategy. Proactive and Defensive strategies are either negatively or non-significantly linked with perceived environmental dynamics. Further, the Analyzer strategy is associated with superior performance for IJVs in the context of an emerging economy.     

从控制权到收益权:合资企业的产权变动路径

本文从跨国公司对中外合资企业控制权设计与演变的角度,对中外合资企业产权变动的路径进行了动态的分析。作者指出,合作初期,跨国公司主要通过技术控制、经理权控制、合资企业数量控制以及销售区域控制等手段,达到对合资企业进行实质性控制的目的;合作后期,则主要通过“阴谋亏损”战略,谋求控股或独资,从而全面接管控制权和收益权。作者认为：除资本产权与管理技能外,技术资源优势也是控制权的一个重要来源,并且可能架空资本产权权利;跨国公司掌管控制权的终极目的,是为了独占收益权。凡此种种决定了外商独资企业将成为我国引进FDI的主要形式。     

The value from acquiring and divesting a joint venture: a real options approach

This study examines the value created from acquiring and divesting a joint venture. Unlike previous research which focuses on parent firm factors, the study examines value in light of the reason behind the termination of the venture and the characteristics of the target market. Consistent with the real options view, the paper finds that ventures divested to refocus a parent firm's product market portfolio were associated with significant value creation. In contrast, ventures acquired with the objective of growth and expansion in a target market, while not associated with significant value creation, did not destroy value either. Apart from these results, the paper also finds that acquirers and divesters gained lesser value when they terminated ventures in uncertain and concentrated industries. These latter findings highlight an important caveat with regard to termination: joint ventures confer valuable flexibility which is also forgone once they are terminated. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Exogamic Nature of Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures

The paper suggests that Sino-foreign joint ventures areexogamicpartnerships. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) partners pool differentiated sets of idiosyncratic and non-substitutable resources into their joint ventures; (2) they establish cooperation to gain access to resources provided by their counterparts; (3) the younger the partnership, the less the partners contribute with idiosyncratic resources. A questionnaire investigation was conducted into 67 Sino-foreign joint ventures. The test for H1 clearly demonstrated that each partner pools very different resources into the joint venture. H2 was also clearly supported by the data collected. However, H3 was weakly supported.     

Asymmetric information and joint venture performance: theory and evidence for domestic and international joint ventures

The increased number of perspectives on joint ventures (JVs) raises important issues for theory development on interfirm collaboration. In this paper, we bring together two key theoretical perspectives on joint ventures—the asymmetric information perspective and the indigestibility view. On a theoretical level, we focus on the relationship between these two different explanations of joint ventures. We also present new evidence on the firm valuation effects of JVs in domestic and international investment contexts. The findings lend support to the asymmetric information perspective on resource combination through joint ventures. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.