基于熵权FAHP与基点平均系数法的改进价值工程成本分析

针对传统价值工程在功能评价环节对因素重要程度量化时的局限性,基于FAHP和熵权法对其进行改进。用FAHP确定功能评价的权重,通过熵权法对这一权重进行修正,得到最终组合功能权重作为价值分析的功能系数。并通过基点平均系数法找到功能与成本的动态关系,作为确定目标成本的一种方法。结合某集资住房项目,对其建筑工程运用改进后的价值工程分析方法作成本管理,证明了改进后的方法在成本造价管理运用中的可行性。     

确定备件品种中的VE应用研究

本文分析了影响确定备件品种的因素, 探讨了备件的功能评价方法, 并结合实例给出了应用价值工程确定备件品种的步骤。     

利用价值工程在棚户区项目拆迁地块选址决策的模型建立

本文以价值工程理论为基础,收集现有不同地块基础数据,利用多元线性回归方法确定备选方案棚户区改造项目的成本系数.通过分析影响拆迁地块选址决策影响因素,利用层次分析法确定各备选方案功能系数.对各备选方案的价值系数进行计算后,以价值系数为评价值确定最优拆迁地块.     

价值工程在外墙保温材料选择中的应用

本文将价值工程原理引入到外墙保温材料的选择中,通过功能分析,构建功能系统图,运用价值工程中的评价方法进行分析计算,确定价值系数最高的方案,实现价值最大化。     

用价值工程理论确定数控系统结构优化方案

用价值工程理论对现有数控系统各结构零部件进行价值分析，确定各零部件的价值系数。根据价值系数确定各零部件理论目标成本。以目标成本为依据对结构做优化方案，从而使结构零部件的功能与成本相对合理化.     

价值工程在项目管理中的应用

在建筑工程项目管理中应用价值工程可以提高经济效益和建筑企业的成本管理水平,增强市场竞争力。以两个多层框架结构为研究对象,通过价值管理进行功能分析,确定价值系数,以及改进方案,详细说明了在成本管理中运用价值理论的方法和步骤,用实例证明了应用价值理论可以合理控制工程造价,为项目管理过程中运用价值工程提供了理论指导。     

三次改进产品设计 三次应用 三次显效——记开发大型塑料注射成型机中应用VE

<正> 价值工程特别适用新产品的研制设计,因为产品的制造成本80％是在设计阶段确定的。在设计阶段开展价值工程活动投资少,效果显著,一旦设计完成付诸实施,在生产制造阶段进行价值工程活动必然涉及到工艺方法,加工设备等因素,因而困难较多,经济效果必定受到影响。如果产品设计后再想大幅度降低成本,需要重新修改设计,难度就更大了。我厂在开发新产品中,选择SZ—4000大型塑料注射成型机产品为VE对象。     

价值工程在统计调查中的应用

<正>一、统计调查方法的选择 以公有制为主体的多种经济形式并存的所有制结构,客观上要求统计调查方法多样化。因此,科学地选择统计调查方法十分重要。用价值工程的原理选择统计调查方法,关键在于多种调查方法功能评分的确定。下表是功能评分的求解过程。     

价值工程在施工成本控制中的应用

本文在分析施工成本控制的现状的基础上,建立了一套在施工过程中应用价值工程进行成本控制的体系.提出在理论成本确定中应用价值工程确定目标成本的方法和程序,探讨了价值工程在施工组织设计优选、材料选择中的应用方法及程序,为工程施工重要环节决策提供科学的理论基础和方法体系,以达到对整个项目的施工成本进行系统控制的目的.本文从实践角度阐明了施工企业中应用价值工程的巨大技术效益、经济效益和社会效益.     

基于价值工程的汽车运输车辆选择多目标优化方法

提出应用价值工程选择汽车运输车辆的多目标优化方法。通过功能分析和分层次的模糊评判,建立车辆选择的功能系统和确定备选车辆的功能量值;最后通过功能评价,得出在给定环境下考虑多种因素影响的车辆的最佳选择方案,实现根据不同的约束条件对车辆选择进行的多目标优化。     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

In the shadow of loommg, global Economy Crisis we take pro-achve Measures, Aiming at Lofty Goals we sharpen our compehhve edge

This paper touches on impact of global financial crisis on economic entity and how QRRS as leading railway equipment in China re-act by taking proactive measures;it also points out weakness of this company and give suggestions on possible solutions.     

Neoliberalization,Housing Institutions and Variegated Gentrification: How the ‘Third Wave’ Broke in Amsterdam

Neil Smith argues that in the last two decades gentrification has become a generalized global urban phenomenon. His theory is at a high level of abstraction, as it links urban gentrification to globalization, financial capitalism and neoliberalization. With these global processes, all cities have experienced ‘third wave’ gentrification. The theory, however, leaves little room for variegations of gentrification, apart from characterizing geographical differences as idiosyncrasies or as minor variations. This downplays the role of intervening mechanisms that impinge upon the pursuit and social outcomes of gentrification. This article aims to amend abstract theory by looking at Amsterdam from a historical institutional perspective. In Amsterdam, gentrification was particularly made possible by a process of neoliberalization within the housing system. However, as institutional change is incremental and based on layering and conversion, many older institutional arrangements remain in place. These arrangements tend to slow gentrification and assuage social consequences. Nevertheless, neoliberal modifications to the housing system have been accelerating the pursuit of gentrification. Current policies will very likely lead to exclusionary displacement.     

Measuring the impact of R&;D on Productivity from a Econometric Time Series Perspective

In this paper we argue that the standard sequential reduction approach to modelling dynamic relationships may be sub-optimal when long lag lengths are required and especially when the intermediate lags may be less important. A flexible model search approach is adopted using the insights of Bayesian Model probabilities, and new information criteria based on forecasting performance. This approach is facilitated by exploiting Genetic Algorithms. Using data on U.K. and U.S. agriculture the bivariate time series relationship between R&D expenditure and productivity is analysed. Long lags are found in the relationship between R&D expenditures and productivity in the U.K. and in the U.S. which remain undiscovered when using the orthodox approach. This finding is of particular importance in the debate on the optimal level of public R&D funding.JEL Classification: C22, C51, Q16     

How selected primary schools in rural New Zealand manage their financial resources of limited government funding in order to effectively meet their schools objectives

This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews with school principals and analysis of their schools＇ financial statements. The aim of this project is to gain a current understanding of the issues and challenges facing primary schools in a defined region （Waikato） to see whether the trends identified in national research studies, confirms the problem that schools are underfunded. The results of the current study identified the issues experienced by the Waikato schools and in most cases supported previous research findings. The findings of the current study also suggest that schools share the dilemmas associated with limited government funding and rely significantly on local funding sources to achieve their basic objectives. Although schools may be effective in the management of their school objectives, there is more government funding required to relieve the pressures and challenges.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.