我国公司红利政策与股市波动

本文从实证的角度分析了中国上市公司的年度红利公告对股价及交易量的影响。我们发现 ,不论是首次分红还是一般的年度分红 ,现金股利所引起的股价异常收益显著小于股票股利和混合股利 (即现金和红股 )。此外 ,现金股利作为首次分红支付方式不受市场欢迎 ,其异常收益显著为负值。为了保证实证结果的纯净性 ,本文还进行了干扰排斥性检验 ,排除了除息除权日的溢出效应、大宗交易所引起的股价偏差及红利公告期间风险要素增加的影响。此研究回答了我国证券市场建立以来公司红利政策与市场价格及交易额的相关关系问题。     

Oil Price Shocks and Volatility in Australian Stock Returns

This paper examines the effect of oil shocks on return and volatility in the sectors of Australian stock market and finds significant effects for most sectors. For the overall market index, an increase in oil price return significantly reduces return, and an increase in oil price return volatility significantly reduces volatility. An advantage of looking at sector returns rather than a general index of stock returns is that sectors may well differ markedly in how they respond to oil price shocks. The energy and material sectors (as expected) and the financial sector (surprisingly) are out of step (in different ways) with results for the other sectors and for the overall index. A rise in oil price increases returns in the energy and material sectors and an increase in oil price return volatility increases stock return volatility in the financial sector. Explanation for the negative (positive) association between oil return (oil return volatility) and returns (volatility of returns) in the financial sector must be based on the association via lending to and/or holdings of corporate bonds issued by firms with significant exposure to oil price fluctuations and their speculative positions in oil‐related instruments.     

The Behaviour of Banking Stocks During the Financial Crisis and Recessions. Evidence from Changes‐in‐Changes Panel Data Estimations

This paper examines the impact of the financial crisis and economic recessions on bank shares compared to the overall stock market index for 18 OECD countries from 1993 to 2015. The empirical methodology utilizes the changes‐in‐changes approach. We compare and contrast the returns of the banking stock price index (treatment group) in each country with their general stock price index (control group), which experiences smaller changes. Our results suggest that bank returns on average perform significantly worse than that of the general stock price index during recessions. In addition, we also find significantly greater volatility in bank share returns.     

景气循环下不动产市场对金融控股 公司股价回报之影响*

本文主要目的在于调查中国台湾地区景气循环变化对于金融产业股价回报的影响,同时引入不动产市场因子进行分析,研究对象将2003年1月至2011年6月中国台湾证券交易市场所有上市银行类股作为研究样本。与过去研究不同,本文进一步划分公司群体为金控与非金控公司进行探讨。实证结果显示在景气扩张时期,因为投资人普遍追求短期房价获利的投机心理,因此,呈现出不动产市场活动效果不显著的现象。反之,在资金成本与房市购买意愿变化下,不动产市场状况与金控公司具有反向的关联。此外,当市场处于景气扩张时期时,金融产业的动量效应较为明显,显现市场投资人较易存在不理性的投资行为,倾向于持有现货进行投机行为,故动量效应在景气扩张时期较衰退时期的效果大。在货币市场方面,当市场处景气扩张时,非金控公司具有负向的利率敏感性,但金控公司则未达统计的显著水平。     

The impact of news,oil prices,and global market developments on Russian financial markets1

This paper analyses the impact of news, oil prices, and international financial market developments on daily returns on Russian bond and stock markets. First, regarding returns, energy news affects returns, while news from the war in Chechnya is not significant. Market volatility does not appear to be sensitive to either type of news. Second, a significant effect of the growth in oil prices on Russian stock returns is detected. Third, the international influence on Russian financial markets depends upon the degree of financial liberalization. The higher the degree of financial liberalization, the stronger is the impact of US stock returns on Russian financial markets. In addition, banking reform and interest rate liberalization efforts seem to dictate the globalization of Russian stock markets, while it is the progress in liberalizing securities markets and non‐bank financial institutions that matters more for the globalization of Russian bond markets.     

THE DYNAMIC RELATION BETWEEN RETURNS,TRADING VOLUME,AND VOLATILITY: LESSONS FROM SPILLOVERS BETWEEN ASIA AND THE UNITED STATES

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between index returns, return volatility, and trading volume for eight Asian markets and the US. We find cross‐border spillovers in returns to be non‐existent, spillovers in absolute returns between Asia and the US to be strong in both directions, and spillovers in volatility to run from Asia to the US. Trading volume, especially on the Asian markets, depends on shocks in domestic and foreign returns as well as on volatility, especially those shocks originating in the US. However, only weak evidence is found for trading volume influencing other variables. In the light of the theoretical models, these results suggest sequential information arrivals, with investors being overconfident and applying positive feedback strategy. Furthermore, new information causes price volatility to rise due to differences in its interpretation among traders, but the subsequent market reaction takes the form of adjustment in price level, not volatility. Lastly, the intensity of cross‐border spillovers seems to have increased following the 1997 crisis, which we interpret as evidence of increased noisiness in prices and diversity in opinions about news originating abroad. Our findings might also help to understand the nature of financial crises, to predict their further developments and consequences.     

The Effect of Annual Earnings Announcements on the Chinese Stock Markets

This paper examines the annual earnings announcement effect of the stock markets in China. The investigation is based on events analysis and carried out by modeling the daily changes of stock returns using the M-EGARCH approach, by testing the news effects of annual earnings announcement on the conditional mean of abnormal return and the variance of the returns. It is found that a higher than expected earnings announcement leads to a rise in the conditional mean of stock returns on days before the news announcement and a fall afterwards. The conditional volatility of the changes are significantly reduced by bigger absolute values of reported earnings before the news announcement and increased afterwards, supporting the rejection of semi-strong-form efficiency.     

Investor Reaction to Inter-corporate Business Contracting: Evidence and Explanation

We examine the stock market reaction to 1227 inter-corporate ordinary business contract announcements reported by Dow Jones between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2001. Around contract announcement dates, we find statistically significant positive average abnormal returns and abnormal trading volume for contractors, but insignificant positive abnormal returns and negative abnormal volume for contractees. Cross-sectionally, contract announcement period returns are higher for contractors who are small relative to the contract size, have higher return volatility, larger market-to-book ratios and higher profitability. The announcement period returns of contract-awarding firms are not significant and are only marginally related to cross-sectional explanatory factors. The results are consistent with two explanatory stories: contractor quasi-rents induced by the winner's curse and information signalling about contractor production costs. The results are not consistent with perfect competition, with contracts having positive net present values for both parties, and with a version of incomplete contracting theory.     

机构投资者、现金股利政策与股票市场稳定性研究——来自2005—2009年中国A股上市公司的经验证据

论文基于2005—2009年中国A股上市公司年报数据的实证研究发现,当投资于发放现金股利的公司股票时,机构投资者持股比例与上市公司股票换手率、股票收益波动率、股价同步性等反映和衡量股票市场稳定性的三个渐次递进维度的指标都显著负相关;而当投资于不发放现金股利的公司股票时,机构投资者持股比例与衡量股票市场稳定性的指标显著正相关抑或不具有显著影响关系。这些结果表明上市公司的现金股利政策直接影响着机构投资者是选择长期的价值投资行为还是进行短期频繁的投机炒作,进而影响机构投资者稳定股票市场功能的有效发挥。论文的研究结论对于股票全流通时代发展机构投资者、引导投资者的长期价值投资行为以促进中国资本市场的健康稳定发展具有重要的启示和政策意义。     

Daily happiness and stock returns: The case of Chinese company listed in the United States

Existing literature exclusively focuses on the association between local investor sentiment and local stock market performance. In this paper, we investigate the contemporaneous and the lead-lag relationship between local daily happiness sentiment extracted from Twitter and stock returns of cross-listed companies, i.e., the Chinese companies listed in the United States. The empirical results show that: 1) by respectively controlling for the firm capitalization, liquidity and volatility, there exists the largest skewness on the Most-happiness subgroup. (2) There exist bi-directional relationships between daily happiness sentiment and market variables, i.e., the stock return, range-based volatility and excess trading volume. (3) There are significantly positive stock returns, higher excess trading volume and higher range-based volatility around the daily happiness sentiment spike days. These findings not only suggest that there exists significant interdependence between online activities and stock market dynamics, but also provide evidence for the existence of “home bias”.     

The Availability Heuristic and Reversals Following Large Stock Price Changes

The author explores the effect of the availability heuristic on large daily stock price changes and on subsequent stock returns. He hypothesizes that if a major positive (negative) stock price move takes place on a day when the stock market index rises (falls), then its magnitude may be amplified by the availability of positive (negative) investment outcomes. In both cases, the availability heuristic may cause price overreaction to the initial company-specific shock, resulting in subsequent price reversal. In line with the hypothesis, the author documents that both positive and negative large price moves accompanied by the same-sign contemporaneous daily market returns are followed by significant reversals on the next 2 trading days and over 5- and 20-day intervals following the event, the magnitude of the reversals increasing over longer postevent windows, while large stock price changes taking place on the days when the market index moves in the opposite direction are followed by nonsignificant price drifts. The results remain robust after accounting for additional company (size, beta, historical volatility) and event-specific (stock's return and trading volume on the event day) factors, and are stronger for small and volatile stocks.     

Modelling of scale change, periodicity and conditional heteroskedasticity in return volatility

This paper extends the GARCH model to a wide class of nonstationary processes by proposing a semiparametric GARCH model for simultaneous modelling of conditional heteroskedasticity, slow scale change and periodicity in the volatility of high-frequency financial returns. A data-driven algorithm is developed for estimating the model. An approximate significance test of daily periodicity and the use of Monte Carlo confidence bounds for the scale function are proposed. The practical performance of the proposal is investigated in detail using some German stock price returns. It is shown that the various volatility components are all significant. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are investigated.     

Does Social Media Get Your Attention?

The author investigates how social media affects stock prices and post–earnings announcement drift in response to companies’ quarterly earnings announcements. Using quarterly earnings data as well Twitter and StockTwits data, the author utilizes Twitter volume and a residual methodology to generate an attention proxy that is orthogonal to the growth of Twitter accounts. The author finds that the new attention brought by social media after the earnings announcements positively affects the cumulative abnormal returns. Further, even companies reporting bad news can still have positive immediate cumulative abnormal returns if they attract enough attention from investors after an earnings announcement. The new attention effects are different in both magnitudes and statistical significance between social media popular and unpopular industries.     

Abnormal returns before acquisition announcements: evidence from Europe

Acquisition announcements influence the stock price of target firms, providing an opportunity for insiders to obtain significant abnormal returns. We study the presence of positive abnormal returns before the announcement date, in target firms, quoted in Euronext markets (Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Portugal) from 2001 to 2007. We investigate whether the pre-announcement run-up of prices can be explained by rumours in the media and the percentage of capital previously owned by the bidding firm, among other factors. We examine cumulative abnormal returns in an event window of 60 days prior the acquisition announcement, with the event date adjusted for the previous disclosure of news about the acquisition, in the media. We compute a run-up index, and find that there are abnormal positive returns before the announcement date, confirming previous studies. We find that a significant part of the run-up is explained by: (i) market anticipation triggered by legitimate sources of information, namely, rumours in the media about the possibility of an acquisition bid and (ii) the percentage of capital previously owned in the target firm, by the bidding firm.     

会计信息在投资决策中长期锚定效应研究——对计量观实证方法的改进

文章以2003-2007年间我国A股上市公司为研究对象,通过筛选市场中股价相对关系"稳定"的成员的方式,对影响股价的非会计信息进行了有效控制,改进了计量观的实证方法.研究结果说明,在年度财务报告发布后的长时间窗口中,由历史性会计信息确定的各股票间的股价初始相对关系,在这段时期的投资者决策过程中具有锚定效应,会计信息对投资决策的影响力在"稳定"成员样本中更为突出.文章所进行的研究尝试,为日后检验2007准则的实施效果提供了有效的参考.     

Information Transmission Through Rumors in Stock Markets: A New Evidence

The authors provide new evidence of the influence of false rumors based on Taiwan's stock market. The results indicate significant patterns of abnormal returns and trading volumes surrounding the event day and that the rumors seem to be disseminated in the stock market before appearing in newspapers. The results also indicate asymmetry: Investors hearing a positive rumor about a stock may tend to buy the stock, prompting a price run-up until the rumor dies away, while negative rumors usually have greater and longer negative impacts on stock returns than positive rumors do. The presence of a daily price limit is negatively correlated to the size of abnormal returns and abnormal trading volumes on the event day, and the abnormal trading volumes are more sensitive to the price limit surrounding the event day. Finally, firm managers might receive rumor information earlier and then conduct stock trading before the rumor's announcement.     

年轻高管与企业股价崩盘风险：来自“代理冲突观”的证据*

在企业纷纷实施高管年轻化战略的背景下，本文从股价崩盘风险的视角分析和检验了年轻高管风险偏好的经济后果及其作用机理。本文基于“个体认知观”和“代理冲突观”展开理论推演，采用中国沪深A股非金融上市公司的数据，检验发现，年轻高管会显著加剧企业未来的股价崩盘风险，且这种影响主要存在于民营企业，在国有企业并不显著。进一步针对具体作用机制的检验发现，年轻高管在投资决策中选择了更多能迅速提升个人收益的风险性投资项目，但在不能迅速提升个人收益的风险性投资项目上与年长高管没有显著差异。同时，年轻高管对股价崩盘风险的加剧效应仅仅存在于高管在上市公司领取薪酬的样本企业，且更高的独立董事比例能显著抑制年轻高管的股价崩盘风险加剧效应。这表明，年轻高管个体认知层面的风险偏好被其追求个人私利最大化的代理冲突所扭曲，进而为年轻高管风险偏好的“代理冲突观”提供了实证证据。     

MEASURES OF STOCK MARKET VALUE AND RETURNS FOR THE U.S. NONFINANCIAL CORPORATE SECTOR, 1900–2002

This paper describes a new dataset of annual time series relating to the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector: its market value, returns, and the major underlying stocks and flows that are valued by financial markets. The data cover the entire twentieth century, and thus fill a significant gap in the documentation of financial and real economy linkages. Previously available data cover either shorter periods, or a more restricted sample of quoted companies. A range of series are constructed on a consistent basis: returns; dividend yields (including an alternative "cashflow" measure); earnings; and " q ", on a range of definitions; as well as corporate leverage measures. The main features are: the relative long-run stability of both q and the cashflow dividend yield; the systematic tendency for q to be less than unity; and the ambiguous picture presented by alternative measures of corporate leverage.     

Sources of volatility in stock returns in emerging markets

In this study, the short-term fluctuations in the monthly returns on composite indexes of 17 emerging markets affected by the financial crises in the late 1990s and 2000 are decomposed with vector autoregressive estimates. The results are compared to the behaviour of variation in returns in developed markets. Three different models are estimated for each market. Due to first order autocorrelations, lagged returns contribute significantly to return volatility in emerging markets. Decomposition of variances indicates that dividend yield and interest rate are determining factors of volatility, but at varying degrees in different emerging markets. However, the role of dividend yield is not as strong as it is in the developed markets as efficient markets hypothesis would imply. In some cases, exchange rates significantly influence market volatility. Fluctuations in the world portfolio return have a small effect on return volatility in national markets. However, there are significant differences across all emerging markets that point to differences in market structures and particular conditions in each country. Significant contributions of interest rates, exchange rates and inflation imply the role of monetary and fiscal policy as precedents of financial crises.     

ASSET RETURNS UNDER PERIODIC REVELATIONS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

The article investigates stock return dynamics in an environment where executives have an incentive to maximize their compensation by artificially inflating earnings. A principal–agent model with financial reporting and managerial effort is embedded in a Lucas asset‐pricing model with periodic revelations of the firm's underlying profitability. The return process generated from the model is consistent with a range of empirical regularities observed in the return data: volatility clustering, asymmetric volatility, and high idiosyncratic volatility. The calibration results further indicate that earnings management can be quantitatively important in accounting for the dynamic patterns of stock returns.