安徽省工业企业人才结构现状调查

本文从上海商业发展过程中的文化现象入手 ,介绍了商业文化的内容和上海商业文化的特色 ,分析了世纪之交上海商业所处的特殊环境 ,认为上海商业文化必将面临继承、引进和创新的问题 ,并提出上海商业文化的发展方向和相应的对策措施。     

Errors expected: the culture of credit in rural New England, 1750–1800

This article uses farm diaries from eighteenth‐century New England recast as account books in order to describe more accurately the rules of exchange and the culture of credit that prevailed in early America. This culture, which was post‐medieval yet pre‐modern, derived its fundamental characteristics from the fact that it connected participants who dealt with one another as formal equals before the law. It employed strategies inside and outside the market, and, rather than embracing or rejecting commercial activity, aimed to use whatever means necessary to achieve for householders the goal of comfortable independence.     

商业银行信贷文化的选择与完善

商业银行信贷文化的完善是提高商业银行信贷资金配置效率的重要前提。当前,商业银行应尽快实现信贷资金配置文化的转换,由计划配置为基础,改变为以市场配置为基础,遵循市场配置资源的基本经济规律,让价格在信贷资金的配置中发挥杠杆作用,真正建立起符合现代金融企业制度的市场化信贷配置文化。     

以文化软实力提升中国企业品牌竞争力

文章认为,品牌的核心是文化,国家文化软实力需要企业品牌竞争力来体现;国家文化影响力和国家商业品牌的形成,又能进一步提升企业品牌竞争力。文章提出当前中国企业需要从转变经营观念、挖掘传统文化资源、研究顾客心理、建设企业文化和勇于承担社会责任等方面提升企业品牌竞争力。     

Transport expenditure and affordability: The cost of being mobile

Measuring and understanding the transport expenditure patterns of households and individuals is critically important for formulating pro-poor transport policies, as well as for monitoring their effectiveness. This paper reviews evidence on transport expenditure and affordability in South Africa, focusing especially on low-income and mobility constrained persons. The results indicate that a person's location along the urban–rural continuum significantly affects both their transport expenditure levels and the perceived severity of their transport affordability problems. Public transport users in displaced urban settlements and isolated deep rural locations and medium-income car commuters in suburbs and urban townships face the highest transport expenditure and affordability problems. Disabled and elderly people were found to have similar expenditure patterns and perceptions as travellers at large. Spatially targeted interventions in both transport supply and land use policy are suggested to address transport affordability problems in South Africa.     

我国商业银行连锁经营的选择与优化

连锁经营与其它经营形式相比,具有明显的竞争优势。这些年我国商业银行通过改制,初步具备了连锁经营的基本条件。在三种基本的连锁经营类型选择上,我国商业银行内部宜采用直营连锁,银行之间宜采用自愿连锁,而特许连锁则不适合商业银行采用。同时,商业银行需革新传统组织框架,设计新型连锁经营组织结构和连锁经营流程。     

消费者偏好是商业广告的传播导向

本文根据国有商业银行现状 ,提出了通过管理创新 ,增强国有商业银行竞争力的三个途径 :构建强有力的企业组织文化 ;推进定量化的目标管理 ;实行全面的质量管理。     

WELFARE, ENTERPRISE, AND ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN KIMBERLEY REGION, 1968–96

This article traces the development of Aboriginal-controlled businesses and their ability to access land, labour, and finance in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It investigates the influence of the development policies on Aboriginal commercial operations. Among other things, the implementation of a new policy – beginning in the early 1970s – saw the handing over by the state of large tracts of land, and the provision of labour and finance to Aboriginal interests. The article analyses the tension between land and enterprise as a welfare measure and as a means of commercial endeavour.     

姓名权商业利用:权利主体、利用对象及法律形式

随着社会的发展和市场经济的建立,自然人姓名权开始具有更多、更直接的经济利益,越来越多的被商业利用。法律应赋予自然人平等享有姓名权商业利用的权利,只要在一定地域范围内或一定领域内能够明确无误的指向特定自然人的称谓都是姓名权商业利用中的姓名。在实际生活中,自然人姓名权商业利用的基本法律表现形式主要有将姓名许可他人进行商业利用、将姓名作价用于商业活动及通过提供赞助使用其姓名等。     

Pre‐colonial culture,post‐colonial economic success? The Tswana and the African economic miracle

Cultural explanations of economic phenomena have recently enjoyed a renaissance among economists. This article provides further evidence for the salience of culture through an in‐depth case study of one of the fastest‐growing economies in the world during the last 50 years—Botswana. The unique culture that developed among the Tswana before and during the early days of colonialism, which shared many features with those of western nation‐states, appears to have contributed significantly to the factors widely seen as determinants of Botswana's post‐colonial economic success: state legitimacy, good governance and democracy, commercial traditions, well‐established property rights, and inter‐ethnic unity. Neighbouring Southern African cultures typically did not exhibit these traits.     

Bank risk taking,efficiency, and law enforcement: Evidence from Chinese city commercial banks

We investigate bank risk taking, efficiency and their relation to law enforcement using a unique sample of 133 Chinese city commercial banks across 31 regions for the 1999–2008 period. We find that stronger law enforcement tends to promote greater bank risk taking in the region. Furthermore, employing a stochastic distance function approach, our analysis shows that the performance of Chinese city commercial banks, as measured by bank efficiency, is heavily influenced by the effectiveness of law enforcement in the region. Better legal environment, higher efficiency in the legal system, and stronger protection of intellectual property right are associated with a higher level of efficiency among these banks.     

Scandinavia and the advance of the Hanseatics

Abstract

In chapter IV of The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. II (1952), Professor M. M. Postan has devoted an unusual amount of space and attention to Scandinavian-Baltic trade. Its varying phases are expertly described, its characteristics clearly distinguished, and the Scandinavians are shown to have played a great and important role in the early Middle Ages. Postan is the first historian to have made use of the research of the last few decades into the Viking Age and to have described the Scandinavians, in a general presentation, as something more than mere pirates hostile to culture; he saw them rather as pioneers and active merchants who during the 9th and 10th centuries extended the existing commercial relations of the West with the Baltic, by way of the rivers of Russia, to the civilizations of the East beyond the Black and Caspian Seas, and who in this way ‘left, if anything, deeper trace than the Frisians in the preceding period’ (p. 178). The activities and achievements of their Cerman-Hanseatic successors are described with no less insight and understanding (pp. 184 ff.): by an ‘almost revolutionary’ transformation of commercial life they advanced from the Rhineland and founded a professional merchant class and a rich urban culture.     

Net foreign assets of Dutch commercial banks, 1984–1990

Summary In many econometric models it is assumed that the amount of net foreign assets of the commercial banks is determined by the commercial banks themselves. In this article we show that it is more likely that net foreign assets are determined by the transactions of the private sector.The author thanks Jakob de Haan, Flip de Kam, Simon Kuipers, Elmer Sterken, Cees Sterks, Dick Zelhorst and an anonvmous referee for their valuable comments on an earlier version.     

国内商业银行如何构建合规风险管理长效机制

合规风险管理是商业银行核心竞争力的重要组成部分。本文分析了国内银行构建合规风险管理长效机制的途径,培育良好的合规文化,构建有效的管理体系,建立健全保障机制和内部控制机制,加强合规风险检查,完善绩效考核体系,从而有效提升银行的合规风险管理能力。     

论商业银行核心竞争力的内涵及主要特征

商业银行的核心竞争力是商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中形成的优于竞争对手、保持竞争优势和持续发展的能力,体现了商业银行特殊的市场价值取向、抵抗市场风险和获得持续竞争优势的能力,集中反映了商业银行在市场竞争下的竞争能力和竞争优势。商业银行的知识、信息技术、经营机制、文化和伦理是影响商业银行核心竞争力的主要因素。战略价值性、独特性、延展性、系统整合性和动态性是商业银行核心竞争力的主要特征。     

经济资本在商业银行风险管理中的运用

经济资本管理作为商业银行风险管理的核心工具,其应用日益广泛。通过经济资本管理,银行可以量化经营所面临的全部风险并确定抵御风险的资本。实现经济资本管理,需要建立银行内部的评级体系,这涉及银行数据体系的建立和维护。由于整个社会信用文化的缺失以及有效数据的缺乏,我国的商业银行在这方面需做大量工作。     

城市商业银行市场营销现状分析

作为一种新兴的商业银行业市场主体,城市商业银行市场营销的水平与质量决定了其未来市场地位与发展空间。本文从历史的高度对城市商业银行的市场营销现状进行了全面的剖析,希望能对城市商业银行市场营销活动有所借鉴。     

Financial Crises and Structural Change in English Commercial Bank Assets, 1860–1913

The focus of analysis is the relationship between short-term financial shocks and long-term changes in the asset structure of the commercial banks of England and Wales in the decades before World War I. New annual series are presented for the main categories of bank asset ratios and these are tested for structural change. The results emphasize the importance of the financial crises of 1878 and 1890 in the long-term increase in the liquidity of commercial bank assets as the banks shifted their holdings from private sector credits to public sector assets.     

BANKING RECORDS,BUSINESS AND NETWORKS IN COLONIAL SYDNEY, 1817–24

Examining accounting transactions between depositors in the first accounts ledger of the Bank of New South Wales contributes to our knowledge of early Australian colonial businesspeople and their business activities. A social network analysis framework is applied to the transactions to disclose business networks and prominent individuals in the networks. The analysis seeks to ascertain the importance of these people to commerce and the significance of their networks in facilitating commercial relationships in a business environment fraught with uncertainty. The results illustrate the importance of networks to colonial trade and mercantile activity, especially for smaller scale businesspeople.     

浅析工业革命未发生在中国的原因

在中世纪以前，中国的科学技术远比欧洲先进，而近代以来，却远远落后于西方。为什么近代科技革命和工业革命发生在英国而不是在拥有四大发明的中国？这与两国的文化传统、政治体制和商业发展的环境有直接关系。