辽宁省应对金融危机财政政策效果的实证分析

本文重点定量探讨了辽宁省财政政策实施效果。利用协整关系检验表明,辽宁省的财政支出、货币供给、税收以及实际GDP之间存在显著的协整关系,财政支出对辽宁省经济增长具有促进作用。通过定量分析结果看出,辽宁省为应对全球金融危机而实行的扩张性财政政策。对拉动投资、促进经济增长、调整产业结构和解决内需不足等问题能够得到相关数据和统计检验的支持。     

辽宁省“保增长”与“调结构”财政政策研究

本文对金融危机以来辽宁省采取的＂保增长＂与＂调结构＂财政政策进行了简单回顾。重点分析了辽宁省＂保增长＂与＂调结构＂财政政策实施效果,并对后危机时期＂保增长＂与＂调结构＂的财政政策提出了建议。未来的财政政策应立足于协调投资、消费和出口比例,兼顾辽宁省经济发展存在的问题,协调三者对经济增长的拉动作用,协调内需与外需的拉动作用,实现＂保增长＂与＂调结构＂的宏观调控目标。     

辽宁省"保增长"与"调结构"财政政策研究

本文对金融危机以来辽宁省采取的"保增长"与"调结构"财政政策进行了简单回顾.重点分析了辽宁省"保增长"与"调结构"财政政策实施效果,并对后危机时期"保增长"与"调结构"的财政政策提出了建议.未来的财政政策应立足于协调投资、消费和出口比例,兼顾辽宁省经济发展存在的问题,协调三者对经济增长的拉动作用,协调内需与外需的拉动作用,实现"保增长"与"调结构"的宏观调控目标.     

后金融危机时代的积极财政政策探析

始自美国次债危机引起的金融危机对全球经济都造成了影响,为应对金融危机而实施的积极财政政策发挥了其拉动经济增长、扩大就业等作用.在后金融危机时代应选择合理使用国债、加强宏观调控并和货币政策等其它手段相配合,继续发挥积极作用.     

后金融危机时代的积极财政政策探析

始自美国次债危机引起的金融危机对全球经济都造成了影响,为应对金融危机丽实施的积极财政政策发挥了其拉动经济增长、扩大就业等作用。在后金融危机时代应选择合理使用国债、加强宏观调控并和货币政策等其它手段相配合,继续发挥积极作用。     

对影响我国财政政策效果的因素分析

自国家实施积极财政政策加强对经济宏观调控以来，财政政策对抑制经济紧缩，推动经济增长起到了重要的作用，但财政政策并非如人们想象的那样完美，财政政策效果在一定程度上受到各种因素的制约，本通过对制约财政政策的各项因素分析，为提高财政政策效果提供一些参考性意见。     

积极财政政策的效果分析

积极财政政策的实施有着一定的积极作用，但也存在局限性。具体分析和评价了这一政策的效果。     

积极财政政策执行效果评价模型

积极财政政策执行效果如何?需要有一个客观的评价。在凯恩斯主义国民收入决定理论的基础之上,结合萨缪尔森加速数,通过对河南省经济运行数据的计量模拟,可构建一个政策效果评价模型。该模型给出了财政政策乘数、投资需求拉动乘数、消费需求拉动乘数以及财政支出回馈乘数等评价政策效果的重要参数。     

On measuring the effects of fiscal policy in global financial crisis: Evidences from an export-oriented island economy

Following the 2008 financial crisis, Taiwan implemented various fiscal policies so that they could offset the shocks from the financial crisis. In the present study, we investigate whether these two fiscal policies alleviated the shock generated by the 2008 financial crisis on Taiwan's economy and unemployment. The findings provide that the economic and employment effects generated by the public work investment project were the most substantial in the public sector. By contrast, the economic and employment effects generated by the consumption vouchers policy were the largest in the service sector. These outcomes are closely related to Taiwan's industry structure. The fiscal multiplier of the public investment project and consumer vouchers distribution was 1.94 and 1.47. The evidence in the present study also seems to suggest that the two fiscal policies examined could not induce an effective long-term transformation of Taiwan's economic system.     

The eurozone financial crisis: debt,credit ratings and monetary and fiscal policy

This paper discusses the eurozone financial crisis. It argues that it was largely the result of a common monetary policy not being suitable for individual countries which led to excessive private and public borrowing and a debt crisis. Neither borrowing rates nor credit ratings anticipated the crisis. Fundamental changes to eurozone governance are being proposed. The paper examines whether instead there might be a market solution if financial markets priced risk better. Accordingly, a more timely way of obtaining credit ratings is shown.     

The effects of financial crisis on fiscal positions

The recent financial crisis was characterized by the sizeable fiscal cost of banking sector bail out operations and the significant automatic and discretionary fiscal policy response to shrinking output, which have put increased pressure on public finances in many industrialized countries. This paper tries to evaluate the impact of financial crisis episodes on debt developments. The findings indicate that severe financial crisis episodes increase the stock of debt by 2.7%–4.0% of GDP, on average in the 20 OECD countries examined. Ιn countries with big financial sectors it ranges from 4.2%–5.3% of GDP and in countries with smaller financial sectors it is about 1.4%–1.7% of GDP. The primary balance and the cyclically adjusted fiscal policy stance ease by about 2.6% of GDP and 1.6% of potential GDP, respectively, in the event of a severe financial market crash. Expansionary fiscal interventions are more pronounced in countries with sizable financial sectors. I find significant evidence that a financial market collapse paves the way for a subsequent deterioration in debt ratios.     

An empirical analysis of currency volatilities during the recent global financial crisis

This paper investigates the impact of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis on the co-movement of 16 currencies in the sample. It employs a two-step atheoretic empirical methodology; it i) applies change point estimation based on geometric Brownian motion to detect change points in volatilities and ii) applies Engle's (2002) dynamic conditional correlation (DCCR) approach to estimate time varying correlations and then, observes the behavior of volatility co-movements during the periods found in (i). The results show that volatilities increase at least twofold with the outbreak of the crisis and there is an inverse relationship between volatility and the duration of the crisis. The DCCRs usually increase with the onset of the crisis and they fluctuate smoothly afterwards while keeping that increased level.     

Non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy in OECD economies: an empirical study

This article explores the hypothesis that the propensity to consume out of income varies in a nonlinear fashion with fiscal variables, and in particular with government debt per capita. Using panel data from 18 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, we examine whether there is any empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that households move from non-Ricardian to Ricardian behaviour as government debt reaches high levels and as uncertainty about future taxes increases. Our results provide support for this hypothesis, and also suggest that private and government consumption are complements in the household utility function.     

Monetary policy in a financial crisis

What are the economic effects of an interest rate cut when an economy is in the midst of a financial crisis? Under what conditions will a cut stimulate output and employment, and raise welfare? Under what conditions will a cut have the opposite effects? We answer these questions in a general class of open economy models, where a financial crisis is modelled as a time when collateral constraints are suddenly binding. We find that when there are frictions in adjusting the level of output in the traded good sector and in adjusting the rate at which that output can be used in other parts of the economy, then a cut in the interest rate is most likely to result in a welfare-reducing fall in output and employment. When these frictions are absent, a cut in the interest rate improves asset positions and promotes a welfare-increasing economic expansion.     

The effect of fiscal system reform on fiscal policy outcomes

We investigate how reform in governmental accounting affects fiscal policy outcomes including debt, balance, and fiscal transparency. Since a change from cash to accrual accounting can be regarded as a natural experiment among governments, a fixed-effects model is exploited. We discover that the change diminishes debt in developed countries, but expands it in less-developed ones, with strong effects in highly indebted countries. The change improves balance in developed countries and worsens it in less-developed countries, which is significant for developed countries with large deficits. Transparency is improved only in less transparent developed countries.     

Strategic monetary and fiscal policy interactions: An empirical investigation

This paper identifies leadership regimes in monetary-fiscal policy interactions in three countries, the UK, the US and Sweden. We specify a small-scale, structural general equilibrium model of an open economy and estimate it using Bayesian methods. We assume that the authorities can act strategically in a non-cooperative policy game, and compare different leadership regimes. We find that the model of fiscal leadership gives the best fit for the UK and Sweden, while in the US the Nash or non-strategic regime dominates. We assess the extent to which policy maker preferences reflect microfounded social preferences.     

Trade openness and the effectiveness of fiscal policy: some empirical evidence

Is the potency of fiscal policy lower for more open economies, as suggested by economic theory? Using annual data from the period 1951?C2007, for 62 developed and developing economies, the paper??s empirical findings show that the effectiveness of fiscal policy is indeed reduced by an economy??s trade openness, and that the effect is quantitatively substantial. In particular, the paper??s estimates suggest that an increase in trade openness by 10% of GDP reduces the magnitude of the long-run fiscal multiplier by 5?C6%.     

Competition policy: ten lessons learnt from the financial crisis

The financial crisis brought great challenges also for competition policy. The aim of this paper is to summarize the most important insights for competition policy that could be derived from the turbulent period 2008–2010. The financial crisis is seen as project that demanded sound management from competition policy and enforcement. The insights will be presented in the instructive form of ‘lessons learnt’ which represents a common approved project management technique. We come to the result that the financial crisis is not the result of ‘too much competition’, but of regulatory failure and that the main answers to the financial crisis have to come from ‘smart regulation’. The relaxation of competition policy would be the wrong policy response in troubled times since competition policy can play an important role in bringing the crisis economy back on track. In contrast to banking we see no economic rationale for rescue packages for other economic sectors by referring to systemic risk. The renaissance of industrial policy is viewed with great skepticism since empirical evidence shows that the effort of picking ‘winners’ all too often results in saving ‘losers’.