Foreign direct investment and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from India

This study analyses the spatial and sectoral distribution of Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment (GFDI) and its impact on industrial agglomeration in India for the time period 2006–2015. We employ a unique dataset obtained by merging GFDI data from FDI Markets and plant level data from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). We find that the Indian manufacturing sector shows signs of industrial dispersion rather than agglomeration throughout the sample period. Likewise, the spatial distribution pattern of GFDI also shows a decline in regional concentration and, interestingly, GFDI also seems to target new destinations. We also find that the increased spatial spread of GFDI leads to an industrial dispersion in Indian manufacturing industries.     

提升产业集群竞争力带动河南重工业产业结构调整

河南省重工业产业内部结构还是在资源初加工阶段,主要是资源开发型产业,煤炭、电力等能源、原材料基础产业和初级加工业所占比例较大。主导产业中还没有加入高附加值、高技术含量、高环保的产业,尤其是具有自主知识产权的高技术产业才刚刚起步,不能形成主流力量。近年来,产业集群现象的出现日益引起人们的关注。产业集群竞争力逐渐成为推动产业结构调整的另一动因。本文主要分析产业集群竞争力对产业结构调整的影响作用。     

Agglomeration Economies as Manifested in Technical Efficiency at the Firm Level

This paper makes an attempt to assess the significance of agglomeration economies in the case of two Indian industries, electrical machinery and cotton and cotton textiles. Using firm level data, an efficiency index based on a statistical stochastic frontier model is generated to examine its relationship with external scale variable(s). A positive association between technical efficiency and city size is evident although after a certain threshold level city size works more as diseconomies than economies of scale. Undue emphasis on industrial dispersal may, therefore, lead to suboptimal utilisation of resources.     

A description of some factors affecting technological innovation in industry in the United Kingdom and some remedies to improve the climate

The change of innovation and its successful implementation at the industrial levels are important features of economic development and, therefore, are of great significance for the future of industries. This paper concentrates on the analysis of the past performance of industries in the U.K., which has shown a decline in technological innovation and international trade when compared to other industrial countries. The first section of the paper considers the channels for exploration of new technology with the aid of established companies, new companies and the public sector. The second half of the paper considers the factors affecting technological innovation such as economic conditions, size of market, sources of finance, patents and licensing. The paper concludes with several suggested recommendations for policy changes to improve directly or indirectly the incentives for technological innovation in the industries of the U.K.     

物联网环境下的物流产业升级路径探析

物流业是较早接触到物联网的行业之一。物联网的发展有利于物流产业的升级,并对其升级路径和升级模式有新的变化和影响,其最大意义就在于可以更好地整合物流各个环节。文章探讨了物联网环境下的物流横向产业和纵向产业升级的路径,提出了物流产业升级的对策建议。     

Firm efficiency,industry performance and the economy: three-way decomposition with an application to Andalusia

An economy may perform better because the firms become more efficient, the industries are better organized, or the allocation between industries is improved. In this paper we extend the literature on the measurement of industry efficiency (a decomposition in firm contributions and an organizational effect) to a third level, namely that of the economy. The huge task of interrelating the performance of an economy to industrial firm data is accomplished for Andalusia.     

生产性服务业促进产业集群创新的机制分析

我国很多产业集群只是企业的空间集聚,处于集群的初级阶段。生产性服务业的技术和知识密集特征成为产业集群创新体系中知识的来源和企业间传播的桥梁,能够促进集群内外部的技术挤出效应,提升中间服务职能和集群的植根性,且改变集群组织形式。但政府需要在产业集群创新过程中发挥适当作用,既要纠正"市场失灵",又要防范"政府失灵"。     

产业集群视角下的南京市创意产业现状分析

产业集群是经济发展中的一个重要现象,对经济布局的合理化、优化资源配置、形成区域的竞争优势和建立空间创新系统具有重要的意义。创意产业集群使创意产品的创造、生产、分销和利用得到最优化,能够显著提升创意产业的竞争力。从产业集群的视角下,对南京市的创意产业发展进行了实证分析。总结了南京市创意产业的发展现状,通过产业集群的特点概括出了南京市创意产业发展的集群模型,从纵向和横向两个维度分析了创意产业集群的效应及与产业竞争力之间的关系。     

专业化分工与装备制造产业集群的关联关系研究——以沈阳装备制造业为例

由于历史的原因,沈阳装备制造业尚未建立起大、中小企业配套与协作的产业集群,这将是影响沈阳装备制造业未来发展的关键问题。装备制造业的专业化分工与产业集群之间存在着循环的关系。构建沈阳装备制造业专业化分工协作的产业集群需要发挥政府和产业自身的双重作用。     

新城转型中的土地利用与能耗变化——UrbanSim应用探索

以北京市的亦庄新城为例,采用基于微观模拟的大尺度城市模型UrbanSim作为分析工具,考察不同产业结构变化情景下,北京市经济技术开发区向亦庄新城转型过程中的土地利用和能源消耗变化的空间特征。模拟结果揭示了在不受政府调控干预的条件下,现有住房供应与需求存在结构性不匹配,导致模拟环境下,亦庄新城家庭的数量未达到规划目标,而且落地率(实际数量与规划数量之比)持续下降;同时,产业结构变动本身对新城的能耗水平会带来较大影响,服务经济转型有助于新城能耗下降。     

产业集聚中主导产业的选择标准

产业集聚现象之所以被中外学者所普遍关注，究其原因是由于其带来的外部经济效应，而在产业集聚中发挥重要作用的则是这个区域内的主导产业。本文将从产业集聚中主导产业的含义及特征入手，分析能形成产业集聚的地方主导产业的衡量标准。     

Service Intensities in the Indian Economy: 1968/9–1993/4

This paper analyses the service intensities for production of different industries in the Indian economy during the period 1968–69 to 1993–94 with an input–output approach. Two different methodologies—(1) direct service intensities and (2) direct plus indirect service intensities—have been used to calculate the service intensity of different industries using six input–output tables. It is found from the exercise that service intensities have increased in the Indian economy over 25 years. To reflect the performance and trend of service intensity of each industry over the study period, the mean and coefficient of variation of the service intensities have been calculated. The empirical part of this study shows that Metal products, Machineries, Trade, and Banking have a high mean and a low coefficient of variation. According to their service intensities they were the key sectors, with consistently the largest consumption of the output of the service sector as an input for their production.     

试论我国城市文化产业园区热

在文化产业快速发展的背景下,文化产业园区热在地方政府和地方发展商的共同介入下得以形成,其具体形式包括文化产业基地评选热、文化产业博览会热、大型新建园区热、Loft热、文化产业村热等五种.针对当前的文化产业园区热.需要改变现有文化产业发展的方向,引导不同城市和地区错位发展,架构学术界和政府的交流平台,并建立起文化产业园论证、审批、监督的有效机制.     

Industrial structure distortion and urban ecological efficiency from the perspective of green entrepreneurial ecosystems

Improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem plays an important role in the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and achieving the coordinated development of economy and environment among cities is important for improving the quality and efficiency of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Using the panel data of 286 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this study adopts the global reference super efficiency slack-based measure model considering undesirable output to measure China's urban ecological efficiency. In addition, the spatial lag model is used to investigate the impacts of industrial structure advancement and rationalization on ecological efficiency, and the impacts of the heterogeneity of industrial structure and economic development under the distortion of resource dependence on ecological efficiency. The results show that: every one-unit increase in the advancement of industrial structure will lead to a 0.0741 unit increase in ecological efficiency, but the high dependence on natural resources will inhibit the promoting effect of industrial structure advancement on ecological efficiency, and such an inhibiting effect will weaken with the improvement of economic development level; moreover, the influence coefficient of industrial structure rationalization on ecological efficiency is not significant, nor is it affected by the natural resource dependence and the level of economic development. This paper hereby proposes that in the process of promoting green entrepreneurial activity at present, the Chinese government should give full play to the role of industrial structure advancement on improving ecological efficiency, actively break through the constraints restricting the impact of industrial structure rationalization, reduce excessive dependence on resource industries, improve the level of regional economic development, and strive to transform resource-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries to support the sustainable development of a green entrepreneurship ecosystem.     

长江沿江主要城市投资环境评价及上海扩大向外投资的方向和对策研究

为了对长江沿江地区各主要城市的投资环境加深了解,并配合上海产业结构的调整,探索上海今后在经济发展当中产业向外疏导,扩大向长江沿江地区投资的可能性,本文采用加权等级尺度法,在征求了专家意见的基础上,推举并筛选出了九大评价指标组成评价指标体系,对长江沿江15个主要城市的投资环境进行了总体性评价和重点产业的适宜性评价。并以此为基础,就今后一个时期上海扩大对长江沿江地区投资的方向及政策思路,提出了若干建议。     

混合所有制改革是否有助于缓解人力资本配置扭曲

将人力资本在所有制企业间的配置扭曲（错配）理解为技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲两个方面,基于1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库的相关数据,探讨国有企业混合所有制改革影响人力资本配置扭曲的内生机理,结果表明：混合所有制改革鼓励非国有资本通过参股、控股和并购等方式参与到国有企业的生产决策中,这有助于完善国有企业的公司治理结构和利润分配机制,进一步缓解人力资本的技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲程度;相对于非行政垄断行业,行政垄断行业中国有企业混合所有制改革对于人力资本配置扭曲的缓解作用较小。     

Regional Innovation By Networking the case of southern Lower Austria

The crisis of old industrial areas has often been explained by the dominance of a few traditional industries that faced dramatic decreases in demand. For at least two reasons this demand-side explanation is inadequate. First, it does not answer the question of why there is no regional redeployment of the productive resources that are set free by the decreases in demand. Second, it is not just a few traditional industries that are affected by crisis. Even high-tech inldustries and the service sector are growing at below-average rates in old industrial areas. This article stresses the importance of specific interfirm and interindustry linkages for understanding the crisis of old industrial areas. It presents attempts to stimulate interfirm cooperation and to create an innovation support network to overcome the crisis of an old industrial area in Austria. x     

Sequential Malmquist Indices of Productivity Growth: An Application to OECD Industrial Activities

The paper applies both the standard DEA methodology with contemporaneous frontiers and DEA with sequential frontiers to study changes in productivity and efficiency in manufacturing for a sample of eleven OECD countries over a twenty-year period. It uses a decomposition of the industrial Malmquist productivity indices to locate the sources of productivity growth: 'technical progress' and 'catching up.' The alternative indices are interrelated in a unifying framework that provides an interpretation to their difference. We argue that for manufacturing industries, in which technological regress is unlikely to occur, DEA with sequential frontiers provides a more adequate measure for the contribution of technical changes than standard DEA.     

Determinants of Export Performance: Evidence from Chinese Industries

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of Chinese export performance using cross-sectional data at the industry level. We find that the export performance of different industries is significantly influenced by labour costs, foreign direct investment (FDI) and firm size, and thus open to a variety of explanations offered by traditional and new trade theories. These findings indicate that Chinese industrial sectors have realised their comparative advantages, but point to the need for the industries to upgrade their export structure in order to sustain growth. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国上市公司增长的行业特征

本文使用 1998- 2 0 0 1年数据 ,通过假设检验和回归分析对中国上市公司增长的行业特征进行了实证分析。研究结果表明 :中国不同行业上市公司的增长具有显著差异 ,但差异程度随时间的推移而逐渐降低 ;仅有少部分行业的增长与其它行业显著不同 ,大部分行业的增长率之间并无显著差异 ;不同时期增长率异常的行业也不相同。