中小跨国企业对外直接投资模式分析

中小跨国企业是指在母国就业人数不足500,至少拥有一个海外分支机构,母国属于经济发达地区或新兴工业化国家、地区的企业。中小企业在促进经济稳定增长,加速技术创新,完善市场体系等方面发挥着重要作用,但根据一项研究表明,中小企业的对外直接投资占世界总FDI的流量不利10%,而在国内,这一比例大约占到50%。近年来,发达国家中小跨国企业对外直接投资的增长速度明显加快。     

跨国公司对外直接投资理论探析

跨国公司是20世纪兴起和发展起来的大型国际性企业组织,是当今世界组织经济活动最重要的主体,而跨国公司对外直接投资的迅猛发展是经济全球化的主要表现。20世纪60年代以来,许多学者开始从不同角度、不同层次对跨国公司对外直接投资行为进行理论研究。通过对跨国公司对外直接投资理论的探讨,可以进一步提高我国利用对外直接投资的水平,弥补我国利用外资的不足之处并加以调整。     

跨国公司对外直接投资理论研究

跨国公司对外直接投资理论从其适用范围上大体可分为发达国家和发展中国家两大类。本文将首先介绍发达国家跨国公司对外直接投资理论,其次阐述发展中国家跨国公司对外直接投资理论,最后是总结性评述,并指出跨国公司对外直接投资领域未来进一步研究的方向。     

从后发展国家对外直接投资理论看印度跨国公司对外直接投资

近几年,印度跨国公司在世界经济舞台上崭露头角,引起学界广泛关注,这得益于印度企业对外直接投资成绩斐然、绩效显著。发展中国家对外直接投资理论在一定程度上解释了自上世纪80年代以来发展中国家跨国公司对外直接投资行为。然而随着印度等后发展国家跨国公司的崛起,发展中国家跨国公司理论也需在诸多方面进行完善,以便能更好地解释后发展国家跨国公司对外直接投资的新动向。     

东道国政治冲突、中国对外援助和对外直接投资

本文利用UCDP全球武装暴力冲突数据、Aid Data中国对外援助数据和中国对外直接投资(OFDI)备案数据研究发现：东道国国内政治冲突对当地中国OFDI具有负面影响;而中国对当地的援助能够减缓受助国政治冲突对中国OFDI的负面冲击。进一步,东道国政治冲突和中国对外援助对中国非资源类行业和非国有企业投资影响更大;同时,改善双边关系和降低信息不对称是中国援助降低政治冲突的风险增加效应的潜在途径。本文从冲击缓解的角度论证了中国对外援助在中国经济“走出去”方面的积极作用,有利于中国OFDI的发展。     

中国企业对外直接投资的现状分析

在经济全球化、知识经济、网络经济,以及中国已成为WTO成员国的大环境下,如何加快实施走出去步伐,缓解国内资源短缺矛盾、推动产业结构调整、扩大出口、增强国际竞争力是我国企业面临的新课题。本文在总结我国企业对外直接投资的发展现状和优势的基础上,概括分析我国对外直接的模式,在投资规模加快增长的同时,有力地促进了国民经济的发展。     

我国跨国公司对外直接投资区位选择分析

世界经济逐步走向一体化、科技水平日新月异,很大程度上降低了市场交易成本,为我国跨国公司的对外直接投资(FDI)提供了优越的外部环境.然而,由于主客观方面的原因,我国跨国公司的发展相对落后,因此,如何提高我国跨国公司FDI 的投资效率、优化其区位分布就成为当务之急.本文从我国跨国公司对外直接投资现状出发,分析其区位分布的影响因素及缺陷,对优化我国跨国公司FDI区位分布提出对策和建议.     

论中国对外直接投资

论中国对外直接投资寻菊贤一、中国对外直接投资中存在的主要问题虽然我国的对外投资发展迅速,从１９７９年以来,年均增长３５％以上,但是,与同期中国吸引外商直接投资的实际投入相比,则国内引进外资和海外投资的比例仅为１∶０．０３７,这远远低于世界平均１∶１．...     

东道国气候风险与中国对外直接投资

近年来全球气候灾害事件的频繁发生一定程度上影响到了社会经济的正常运转。海外东道国的气候风险已然成为影响中国企业OFDI区位选择的重要因素。本文通过在局部均衡模型中纳入气候风险因素,预测东道国气候风险对中国企业在该国直接投资行为的影响。同时,通过匹配2010-2022年期间中国上市企业对外直接投资数据与各国气候风险数据构建动态面板并进行实证检验,估计结果表明：东道国气候风险对中国OFDI产生了显著的负面影响。这一现象在高收入国家、能源行业企业和气候风险比中国更大的样本中更加显著。从时间效应上看,气候风险对中国企业OFDI的负面影响将持续两至三年。此外,在五种典型气候灾害中,干旱和极端气温的负面影响最为突出。研究表明应进一步强化通过全球气候谈判,深化国际合作,共同构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系,从而完善气候风险监管和预防机制并增强气候韧性。本文为防控气候风险保障投资安全提供了有益的参考依据。     

我国中小企业对外直接投资的产业选择

文章针对我国中小企业投资领域的分布状况以及出现的问题,以五种对外直接投资产业选择的理论为基础构建了五个选择基准,并提出中小企业现阶段对外直接投资应选择那些符合参照基准的产业的观点。     

外商直接投资与国家自主创新

本文将FDI(外商直接投资)和LICENSIING(技术许可)作为其潜在的渠道,建立了技术引进的模型.此模型的一个重要特征是模型中的主要假设,模型的结论以及模型的政策意义都与实际经验的观察相一致.对于包括中国在内的发展中国家(LDC)而言,技术许可比外商直接投资所带来的技术外溢更有效,在考虑制定何种政策以达到社会福利的最优化时,人力资本的水平起到了决定性的作用.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Taxes

Abstract. This paper studies the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental policy stringency in a two-country model with trade costs, where FDI could be unilateral and bilateral and both governments address local pollution through environmental taxes. We show that FDI does not give rise to ecological dumping because the host country has an incentive to shift rents away from the source country toward the host country. Environmental policy strategies and welfare effects are studied under the assumption that parameter values support FDI to be profitable.     

Market Structure and Foreign Direct Investment

During the last decade the extent of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the US has increased dramatically. An important aspect of industries where most FDI takes place is their high level of concentration. This paper investigates how strategic interactions among domestic and foreign producers influence the structure of the industry. Especially, it focuses on the foreign firms' choice between exporting versus servicing these markets by investing in a plant located in the host country when facing competition from a domestic oligopoly. The empirical investigation reveals that the relationship between FDI and tariffs is not as simple as previously thought. In highly concentrated industries, where strategic behavior may play an important role, high tariffs rather than low tariffs may lead to less FDI and more imports.     

Competing for Foreign Direct Investment

The paper analyzes 'subsidy games' between countries in order to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) from a third country. The winner of this game results from the interaction of two factors, relative country size and employment gains from FDI: a large (or 'central') country is more likely to attract FDI, and so is a country with high unemployment. The subsidy equilibrium is compared with two alternative solutions: zero subsidies and first-best subsidies. It is shown that total welfare may be greater under subsidy competition than under zero subsidies: the gains from efficient location implied by subsidy competition may more than outweigh the losses from higher subsidies. Moreover, departing from subsidy competition to zero subsidies or to first-best subsidies (without side payments) implies a gain to one country and a loss to the other. This suggests that it may be difficult to reach a consensus to move away from the status quo of subsidy competition.     

Direct Foreign Investment Versus Licensing

This paper examines the choice among alternative modes of direct foreign investment, namely, the wholly owned subsidiary (the S option) and joint venture (the J option), vis-à-vis licensing (the L option). The focus is on the role of moral hazard, difference in risk attitude and the prospect of the host country's policy toward the venture. An apparently surprising result is that riskiness of the project is a factor against the J option. Moreover, in the absence of policy intervention, L is dominated by either S or J, whereas if there is an anticipation of policy intervention (i.e., there is a policy moral hazard) L may emerge as the best option.     

Intra Eurozone Foreign Direct Investment and Deflation

After the recent economic turmoil, besides the severe recession that hit most European Union (EU) countries, and the resulting downward trend in inflation, foreign direct investment (FDI) levels in certain EU countries have bounced back. Hence, we evaluate the effect of deflation on intra-Eurozone FDI. Even though deflation tends to cause a negative effect on investment, low production cost opportunities may arise, thus attracting inward FDI. Using panel data that span from 2003 to 2015, we initially estimate an FDI equation that incorporates deflation as a pre-determined variable and, consequently, a two-equation model that treats both FDI and deflation as endogenous variables. Our results suggest that deflation in periphery Eurozone countries does not deter FDI flows from core to periphery Eurozone countries.     

对外直接投资与国内产业空心化

本文针对一些西方学者关于美国、日本对外直接投资导致国内产业“空心化”的观点,提出了不同的见解。首先, 第一、第二产业比重下降, 第三产业比重上升是一国产业结构演进的一般规律, 与对外直接投资无关; 其次, 一国的对外直接投资规模巨大与贸易逆差并无直接联系; 第三, 对外直接投资增强了投资者的国际竞争力; 第四, 对外直接投资对一国的就业机会影响甚微。总之, 对外直接投资为投资国和对外直接投资者带来巨大利益, 而不会导致国内产业“空心化     

Environmental Regulation Induced Foreign Direct Investment

The last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the relationship between environmental regulations and international capital flows. However, empirical studies have so far failed to find conclusive evidence for this so-called pollution haven or race to the bottom effect where foreign direct investment (FDI) is assumed to be attracted to low regulation countries, regions or states. In this paper we present a simple theoretical framework to demonstrate that greater stringency in environmental standards can lead to a strategic increase in capital inflows which we refer to as environmental regulation induced FDI. Our result reveals a possible explanation for the mixed results in the empirical literature and provides an illustration of the conditions under which environmental regulations in the host country can affect the location decision of foreign firms.     

外商直接投资再创新高

<正> 中国“入世”的第一年,我国利用外商直接投资更加保持了较高的增长势头,据外经贸部统计,今年1至6月全国新批设立外商投资企业15155家,比去年同期增长26.39％;合同外资金额439.9亿美元,同比增长31.47％;实际使用外资金额245.79亿美元,同比增长18.69％。截至今年6月底,全国累计批准外商投资企业405180家,合同利用外资金额7892.81亿美元,实际使用外资金额4198.02亿美元。主要指标分析 1.增长幅度较大。在2001年我国利用外资进入恢复性增长及中国加入世贸组织后的半年时间里,外商直接投资以前所未有的速度和规模涌入中国。2002年1～6月我国利用