零售商渠道控制的价值链创新绩效分析

大型零售商利用其拥有的资源优势,获得渠道控制力量,通过有效报酬激励与供应商共同创造供应链利润,产生显著的价值链创新绩效.这种零售商主导的价值链创新模式需要完善的渠道法律环境,鉴于现阶段我国零售渠道结构法制存在缺陷,我国应深化零售业改革,这需要政府运用合理的规制措施规范零售商的主导行为,以更好发挥零售商主导的价值链创新绩效.     

大型零售商服务导向型渠道关系治理机制研究

在文献研究的基础上,本文运用关系质量和服务能力二维变量,区分出了交易导向型、关系导向型、契约导向型、服务导向型零售商主导型的渠道关系治理机制,并借助企业生命周期理论论述了零售商在各个生命周期阶段的关系治理机制,认为服务导向是零售企业渠道关系治理的核心要素,服务导向型渠道关系治理机制构建是大型零售商现阶段的主要任务;通过从零售商服务导向业务战略转变、服务供应链、员工培训方面,探讨服务导向型渠道关系治理机制的构建,以期对大型零售商在渠道关系治理领域有借鉴作用。     

多渠道零售商线上线下营销协同研究——以苏宁为例

结合了实体门店与在线商店的多渠道零售模式已经成为全球零售业发展的趋势,但多渠道零售商线上线下协同效应与稀释效应并存,如何通过营销协同实现渠道整合成为零售领域研究的热点问题。本文以苏宁为研究对象,采用规范的案例研究方法对其营销协同策略、影响决策的关键因素以及营销协同绩效进行了深入分析。在案例研究的基础上,以渠道区隔与融合为基准构建了渠道分离、渠道协同、渠道融合、渠道并行四种类型的营销协同战略导向,并以案例分析得出的六个影响因素（消费者特性、成本因素、生命周期、竞争强度、互补性、规模经济）作为自变量,以企业自身因素与外部环境因素作为调节变量,以营销协同绩效作为因变量,构建了线上线下营销协同的理论框架。最后,文章为多渠道零售商的经营管理提供了可操作性建议。     

互联网时代批发商的的“再中介化”——价值链整合视角

文章从价值链整合视角探讨批发商在互联网时代实现“再中介化”的可能形式。首先,通过构建数理模型研究发现,批发商通过互联网途径前向整合零售商价值链将改善所有渠道成员的福利水平,且在批发商在某些价值环节上比零售商更具成本优势的前提下,福利改善水平随着整合程度的提升而提升。其次,通过具体案例分析了批发商前向整合零售商价值链的过程与方式。研究发现,批发商可以通过构建互联网平台形式,凭借专业化优势前向整合零售商的价值链中某些弱势环节,与零售商形成价值创造共同体,实现整体价值创造能力的最大化,完成“再中介化”目的。     

大型零售商整合渠道资源:动因与路径

当前,大量营销实践表明,稳固的营销渠道是大型零售商提高经营效率,获取市场竞争力的重要前提。本文主要运用交易成本、委托代理、企业战略、服务营销等理论进行分析,指出大型零售商企业整合渠道资源的动因是拓宽和构建稳固的营销渠道。同时,结合案例分析认为,大型零售商整合渠道资源的主要路径包括:与供应商建立战略联盟、委托制造商生产自有品牌产品、并购同行竞争者、通过特许加盟进行连锁经营、采取业态多元化策略、对消费者开展服务营销等。最后,就每种整合路径中存在的难点与关键进行了分析。     

零供发展困境、协同战略与内生化产业升级

全球化竞争以及网络化购物方式的冲击,使得我国制造商与零售商不同程度地陷入了发展困境。本文以零供发展困境为切入点,突破零供纵向竞争的研究框架,从发展中国家基于本土市场需求构建国内价值链的视角,探讨零售商与制造商采用协同战略,以不同的角色共同合作创造价值,从而培育一批本土企业成为全球价值链的“链主”以及全球创新链的主导者,进而使得“中国制造”超越国际代工、实现内生化产业升级以及经济结构的战略转换。     

OTO模式下零售业全渠道营销策略研究

我国零售商线上线下全渠道发展现状主要是传统零售企业以自建电商平台为主;电商起家的零售企业开始发展线下;跨境电子商务成为传统零售企业重要的扩张渠道;手机客户端成为线上线下全渠道营销新的突破口。尽管全渠道营销时代已经到来,但零售商线上线下全渠道发展仍然面临许多问题和挑战,主要问题是线上线下不同渠道利益分配不清;不同渠道之间存在渠道壁垒;缺乏开拓线上线下全渠道营销发展资金等。针对这些问题,在分析原因之后,本文提出了零售商线上线下全渠道营销路径,以期对我国零售企业发展线上线下全渠道营销提供有益借鉴。     

文具产业链商业模式研究—小产品掘金大产业

文具产业是典型的“小产品、大产业”。据Datamonitor发布的全球文具产业发展报告,2008年,全球文具市场规模约1000亿美元,且以每年4-4.5％的速度增长。相比之下,国内市场发展态势更惊人。自上世纪80年代末至90年代初从百货业分化出来,经过近20年的发展,文具行业已成为中国轻工产业发展迅速、较为完善的一个行业,市场容量突破1000亿元,且近几年的年均增长率一直保持在20％左右。随着国内经济的发展,消费购买力的提高,文具行业将进一步加速发展。目前,国外大型文具品牌经销商、零售商纷纷抢滩中国市场,正是看中了国内文具消费市场的广阔前景。从产业链角度看,文具产业自上而下包括生产、经销和零售环节,由于销售渠道日益扁平化,经销领域至今已无“大佬”,而拥有品牌优势的生产企业以及拥有渠道优势的零售企业正日益形成寡头之势。从文具产业价值链分布上看,生产环节占据价值链利润的30-40％,经销环节为10-20％、零售环节50％（图1）。我们选取了文具产业链中的生产和零售环节的三家企业作为研究样本,试图理清产业链各公司的成功模式、发展趋势。它们分别是生产环节的齐心文具和晨光文具、零售环节的史泰博。研究发现,就生产环节而言,打造强势品牌是成功的基础,在品牌效应的基础上,集成供应商模式和渠道驱动模式,是两种相对成熟的商业模式,能够有效推动企业在极其分散的市场格局中胜出。就零售环节而言,规模是第一位的,不仅关乎营收,也关乎抗风险能力。另外,文具产业中出现的新趋势值得关注：生产企业正逐步向下游延伸,而零售企业正逐渐向上游拓展。     

大型零售商主导产业链的经济绩效——一个基于零售商与制造商交互影响的实证考察

传统的经济分析一般仅从制造业视角分析产业链绩效提升的影响因素,但随着大型零售商终端约束能力的提升和市场势力的增强,大型零售商通过多种形式的服务创新和盈利创新,为产业链绩效提升做出了巨大的贡献。文章通过构建一个综合零售商与制造商因素的实证模型,对大型零售商产业链绩效提升作用进行实证分析,研究结果表明,大型零售商因素特别是盈利能力、零售效率、零售商专业化分工水平等对产业链绩效提升作用显著。因此,迫切需要加快流通组织创新,促进零售与制造融合,优化流通环境,提升产业链绩效,改变我国制造业大而不强的产业链分工弱势地位。     

大型零售商常规商业功能发挥的途径和绩效

研究表明,大型零售商通过实施自有品牌,规模化采购,整合供应链、渠道和零售服务创新等途径发挥常规商业功能,回归零售本质,能够有效提升流通绩效、拓展流通功能,是大型零售商盈利模式变革和产业链整合优化的必然选择。     

Exploring Perceived Channel Price,Quality, and Value as Antecedents of Channel Choice and Usage in Multichannel Shopping

This study investigates consumer perceptions of price-quality-value based on shopping channel attributes as antecedents of channel choice and usage in multichannel shopping environments. Findings indicate that channel usage intention is directly influenced by consumer perceptions of channel value and indirectly by consumer perceptions of channel quality and channel price. Consumer perceptions of channel attributes most important to channel usage intention include utilitarian and hedonic value, service and merchandise quality, and monetary and non-monetary price. Managerial implications for retailers suggest a need for strategic management and differentiation of channel attributes to enhance channel value perceptions and increase channel usage intention.     

Best Practice Channel Management

Abstract

In this article, a global marketing channels consultant identifies and discusses the best practices in channel management. The author argues that a channel effectiveness is largely predicated on both the channel system and the channel partner effectiveness. A framework is posited that includes dimensions of systemic costs, controls and coverage, as well as channel member competencies and commitment. The author suggests that channels management practices ultimately increase stakeholder value.     

Managing Channel Partner Relationships: A Cross-National Study

With cross-border channel partnerships increasingly being forged in global markets, manifest conflict between international partners has become a serious problem leading to potentially deleterious effects on overall channel performance. Using data drawn from a cross-national study of distribution practices in three countries, we investigate whether national culture moderates the relationship between leadership style and channel partner conflict, which, in turn, may impact overall channel performance. Based on the empirical results, a standardized “one size fits all” leadership strategy for conflict management in international channels is unlikely to be successful. Cross-cultural channel management implications are discussed, study limitations are described, avenues for future research are identified, and recommendations are offered for managing cross-national channel partner relationships.     

促进消费与流通渠道建设的几个问题

促进消费与流通渠道建设是一个问题的两个方面。其中,消费是拉动国民经济发展的基本动力,适度提高消费率是现阶段我国经济发展必须解决的重大课题。为提高居民消费率,必须处理好消费率与投资率的关系、城镇居民消费与农村居民消费的关系、消费需求与进出口贸易的关系、即期消费与储蓄的关系;必须通过改革消费体制,提升消费能力,调整消费政策,夯实消费基础,改变消费观念,优化消费环境,研究消费周期,培育消费热点,建立扩大消费的长效机制。流通渠道建设是货畅其流、物尽其用的根本,流通渠道水平是衡量一国综合国力的重要标志。流通渠道主要包括物流通道、资金流通道、信息流通道、供应链流程优化、流通节点布局、城乡一体化与内外贸一体化运行模式等六个方面。为更好地推进流通渠道建设,应针对当前流通渠道中存在的主要问题,加快综合运输体系建设,有效降低物流成本;推进现代流通方式发展,减少流通环节,提高流通效率;大力发展供应链管理,实施供应链集成;改变中国工业"大而全、小而全"的生产模式与农业小农经济生产模式;加快要素市场的培育与市场化进程;加快推进流通渠道信息化、标准化建设,加大流通人才培养力度,提升流通渠道科技含量,进一步与国际接轨。     

The Effect of Product Innovation,Promotion, and Price on Consumer Switching to Private Labels

The channel conflict that exists between retailers and manufacturers of branded products has dynamically shifted as large retailers have expanded their offerings of private label products. This study investigates the ability of consumer packaged goods companies to exert influence in the channel by testing which marketing initiatives implemented by manufacturer brands are more efficient in preventing consumer switching to private labels. We use a hazard model to simultaneously measure the effects due to product innovation, promotion, and price on consumer switching and how strong those effects are. We find that as expected product innovation, promotion, and price exert a negative effect on the consumer likelihood of switching to private labels. However, we find the strongest effect on promotion suggesting the importance of understanding how consumers perceive value in the national brands offer.     

我国农产品物流渠道分析及对策建议

美、日、法三国农业生产和流通在全球具有很强的代表性,其典型特征是渠道短、环节少,我国农产品物流渠道建设应借鉴其经验,结合我国国情,充分发挥政府在农产品物流渠道建设中的作用,尽可能缩短物流环节,加快农产品冷链物流发展,提高农产品物流的信息化水平,培育第三方物流主体。     

资产专用性、渠道异质性与渠道投机行为:基于中国汽车企业的实证

为了提升渠道价值和培育竞争优势,营销战略会针对特殊的渠道交易伙伴进行专用性投资。交易成本理论认为专用性投资在带来高的附加值的同时,也使得进行专用性投资的渠道成员面临投机行为风险。中国的实证数据表明,虽然销售商的专用性投资会导致制造商渠道投机行为,但这会受到制造商自身的专用性投资的影响以及渠道关系持续的影响,即双边“锁定”和渠道关系的持续会有效避免渠道投机行为。     

A Positive Theory of Private Label: A Strategic Role of Private Label in a Duopoly National-Brand Market

This article offers an economic rationale for national brands to provide private labels to their retailers. We build a game-theoretic model that analyzes the interactions among two national brand manufacturers and one common retailer. In an interesting strategic role, the private label mitigates the promotion competition between the two national brands and provides benefits for all three members in the channel. Our analysis shows that offering a private label can be a credible commitment from a national brand manufacturer that it will not engage in promotions and decrease the incentive of the national brand rival to engage in promotions. In this way, we attempt to provide a reason for why national brand manufacturers provide retailers with private labels in practice. In addition, we discuss the optimal quality level of private labels.     

Managing International Distribution Channel Partners: A Cross-Cultural Approach

Although the topic of conflict has been extensively studied in the distribution channels literature from a domestic perspective, there is relatively little published research examining the construct within the international distribution channels context. This is of particular concern because cross-national channel partnerships are on the rise, and divergent cultures may engender heightened conflict, which has a deleterious effect on channel performance. This article explores the extent to which different channel leadership styles, predicated on Hofstede's dimensions of national culture, can be effective strategies to manage conflict in international distribution channels. Specifically, the article examines whether the relationship between leadership style and conflict in international distribution channels is moderated by national culture. Additionally, the impact of manifest conflict on international channel partner performance is investigated. A conceptual model and research propositions are developed. The use of leadership styles to manage disagreements among international channel partners is argued to be culturally specific. International channel management implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

渠道代理人及其对渠道关系的影响

本文认为,渠道在过去的十年里经历了显著的变化,渠道合作双方正由交易型关系向伙伴型关系直至建立战略联盟的方向发展;作为渠道中的重要角色,渠道代理人是企业渠道关系的管理者和执行者,它主要通过渠道权力和渠道气候两个因素对渠道关系产生较大的影响,他们一方面能够为提高企业的渠道绩效服务,而另一方面也存在着对企业渠道绩效产生负面影响的可能性;为防范这些潜在的代理问题,企业必须重视和强调对渠道代理人的有效管理。