奶业合作组织的制度成本与收益分析

奶业合作组织是促进奶业发展的主要途径.作为一种制度创新,它所带来的收益主要来自节约交易成本的收益、规模经济收益、技术进步收益、减少不确定性及规避市场风险的和维护经济地位的收益,而其成本则包括启动成本、摩擦成本和运行成本.只有当预期收益大于预期成本时,制度的变迁才会发生.因此,只有不断降低奶业合作组织的预期成本,真正实现制度收益,才有助于奶业合作组织广泛发展.     

奶业合作组织的制度成本与收益分析

奶业合作组织是促进奶业发展的主要途径。作为一种制度创新，它所带来的收益主要来自节约交易成本的收益、规模经济收益、技术进步收益、减少不确定性及规避市场风险的和维护经济地位的收益，而其成本则包括启动成本、摩擦成本和运行成本。只有当预期收益大于预期成本时，制度的变迁才会发生。因此，只有不断降低奶业合作组织的预期成本，真正实现制度收益，才有助于奶业合作组织广泛发展。     

基于一致许可值的供应链合作收益分配研究

供应链联盟通过合作企业协调一致的行动来降低整个供应链的运营成本,公平合理的利益分配机制是供应链联盟持久存在和稳定发展的重要基础之一。考虑两竞争制造商通过共同零售商销售产品的两级供应链系统,本文分析了供应链成员各种可能的联盟形式,采用一致许可值对联盟合作收益进行分配,并与Shapley值法进行比较分析,只有当替代率较小时这两种收益分配才具有稳定性。     

加强产学研合作 推动产业可持续发展——钢铁可循环流程技术创新战略联盟

通过建立产业技术创新战略联盟,能够有效整合企业．大学,研究院所的技术。设备、人才．资金等各类资源,集中精力攻克产业战略高技术、超前技术以及共性技术;能够有效降低研发成本、分担研发风险、共享成果收益,形成长效的产学研合作创新机制和科技成果转化机制;能够为行业企业提供产业技术交流和研发平台,通过资源共享。优势互补、互相学习、共同研发,提高企业自主创新能力和产业国际竞争力。     

制造企业数字化转型多主体协同关系的演化博弈

针对政府引导,企业参与转型的策略选择机制的弊端,为处理好多主体之间的协同关系,构建了制造企业、政府和服务平台三方演化博弈模型,分析各参数变化对演化系统稳定性和主体策略选择的影响。结果表明：影响企业是否采取转型策略的主要影响因素是制造企业转型所需付出的成本、数字化能力系数及政府补贴,企业会因较大的收益弱化对信任问题的重视;政府是否参与主要取决于参与情况下的收益和投入的补贴和奖励,且政府单方面的激励会造成消极影响;服务平台是否协助主要取决于协助时付出的协同成本、信任度、协同收益以及政府参与时协同成本的减少量和奖励。     

竞争性战略联盟中企业联盟能力影响因素的实证研究

经济全球化的发展、市场竞争的加剧,使得越来越多的企业开始对其竞争关系进行战略性的调整,由纯粹的竞争关系逐步转向竞争与合作并存的关系,竞争性战略联盟由此受到人们的关注,组建竞争性战略联盟成为企业迅速发展壮大的一条＂捷径＂。为了在联盟中获得最大化的收益,企业开始关注自身能力的建设,以期在联盟中获得比联盟伙伴更多的收益。文章对竞争性战略联盟中影响企业联盟能力的因素进行实证研究,探索出影响企业联盟能力的主要因素,为企业提升联盟能力寻求理论支持。     

基于数量损耗的生鲜电商供应链协调研究

针对单一生鲜供应商和单一生鲜电商组成的二级供应链,通过Stackberg博弈模型和供应链契约理论分析3种模式下的供应链最优收益、生鲜农产品采购数量、生鲜电商单位农产品销售价格、生鲜电商自营物流服务水平.结果表明:生鲜损耗率在一定区间时,协调后的供应链利润总大于协调前;契约参数满足一定条件时,"收益共享+成本共担"的混合契约可以协调生鲜电商供应链,实现双方的帕累托改进.     

重复博弈下的企业合作行为

运用博弈论对企业合作行为的形成机理和实施条件进行了深刻的刨析,认为重复博弈激励企业合作,企业合作是合作企业集体理性的结果。合作整体利益大于其每个成员单独经营时的收益之和;大量的重复博弈;高效的合作保障机制,高昂的单边背叛行为成本和有效的信息沟通,企业间的信息不对称性较小是企业合作成功的必备条件。     

跨国技术联盟的反竞争性与竞争政策

近年来,以美欧日为中心的高新科技领域的跨国技术联盟得到了迅速的发展。人们在普遍认可联盟提高有关企业的效率和竞争力的同时,忽略了潜在收益背后技术联盟公司组成的排他性网络所导致的反竞争性,这将抑制技术竞争和对更多非联盟企业的技术流动,形成技术壁垒削弱经济的自由化。因此,有必要制定和实施竞争政策促进经济和投资自由化,尤其需要各国管理当局的合作和发展中国家的慎重选择。     

基于智力资本的战略联盟企业价值创造

文章的研究对象是智力资本与战略联盟企业价值创造的关系,属于企业组织层面的研究。在阐明智力资本与战略联盟企业价值创造关系的理论基础上,通过31家参与战略联盟的上市公司的智力资本与其企业价值的回归分析,发现智力资本显著影响战略联盟企业价值创造。通过本文的研究,认为战略联盟企业应该提高智力资本,从而在战略联盟活动中获取更大的收益。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

The Transfer of Property Rights from the Public to the Private Sector in Hong Kong: A Critical Assessment

Abstract

The privatization idea may have lost some of its luster in recent years, but it remains relevant in today's socio-economic environment and is pursued consistently in industrialized and industrializing countries alike. Hong Kong has followed the general pattern in a manner reflecting its particular circumstances and its institutional modus operandi. The underlying logic may not appear highly compelling, from a short-term perspective, yet there are sound grounds for approaching the task positively, if viewed from a multi-year standpoint. Rather surprisingly, for such a quintessentially capitalist society, Hong Kong has not confronted the privatization challenge astutely on the political front and has handled it somewhat mechanically in managerial terms. The benefits to the community may have thus been more modest than one could legitimately expect, given the historical backdrop.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.     

Thinking regionally: Aviation and development implications in the Karoo region,South Africa

This study focuses on regional economic development in South Africa, across provincial political jurisdictions. The article argues that remote hinterlands can be more usefully understood as forming an integrated whole, rather than functioning as the poor rural cousins of their provincial metropoles. This article considers three propositions: that key transport projects (such as airports) may unlock regional development; that this may stimulate regional spatial integration; and that this may spur the South African government to address its weak regional planning system. All three propositions are speculative, drawn from the international literature, but they contribute to an argument for greater spatial coherence in South African planning in rural regions. The argument is illustrated with reference to the Karoo region of South Africa, and the potential of a new airport to impact on regional economic dynamics. Furthermore, the article argues that such impacts will require new regional planning systems, which are currently absent from the South African political system.