Asian development and poverty reduction strategies: Integrating fisheries into the development discourse

Asia is the world’s foremost capture fishery and aquaculture producer. It is also home to the majority of the world’s fishers and marine fleet (decked and undecked). Consequently, there is every reason to expect that this importance is reflected in national development discourses. This article identifies the socio-economic importance of fisheries in the region in terms of its contribution to primary exports, domestic protein consumption, employment and poverty alleviation. We then analyse national development and poverty reduction strategy documents using a content analysis methodology previously applied to measure the extent to which environmental or forestry issues had been mainstreamed into national policy documents. This enables us to identify those countries that have currently integrated fisheries into the national development discourse – and those that have not. We conclude by proposing two strategies to enable the more effective integration of fisheries into the development agenda.     

Financing telecommunications for rural development

Evidence shows that there has been serious underinvestment in telecommunications facilities in developing countries (DCs). This article analyses the reasons for this neglect, and demonstrates that a major restrictive factor in the development of telecommunications facilities in DCs — particularly in rural areas — has been the absence of adequate foreign exchange financing. Through an analysis of three major mechanisms for financing investment — supplier credits, multilateral lending and bilateral lending — and of the policies of the major institutions involved, the article identifies those policies that will stimulate the expansion of rural telecommunications in DCs.     

Communication satellites for rural development

The author points out that telecommunications in rural areas are an essential infrastructure for development, and that appropriately designed satellites could form an important part of rural communications technology. He argues that hybrid systems involving clusters of communities, served by a single ground station and rural radio telephone interconnection, are likely to be lower cost than all-satellite or terrestrial-only systems.     

论中西部山区农村教育的和谐发展

实现山区农村教育的和谐发展仍有许多问题需要解决。本文通过对中西部部分山区农村教育现状进行调查,引进和谐理论,具体分析了解决山区教育不公平、信息化落后、师资力量薄弱、教育设施简陋及农民教育观念落后等问题的对策,从而促进山区农村教育的和谐发展。     

浅论城市防洪工程的项目法人建设

水利工程建设三项制度改革,项目法人负责制是核心。对以社会效益为主,公益性较强的城市防洪工程项目法人的组建和确定,目前还不够规范和完善。本文提出了一些加强和推进城市防洪工程项目法人建设的观点。     

Integrated rural development in Nigeria: The Funtua project

The Funtua Agricultural Development Project is the oldest World Bank financed rural development project in Nigeria. This article evaluates the impact of the project on the area and its implications as a prototype for rural development in Nigeria. Increased agricultural production has not occurred to the extent and in the direction that the project expected. The project's activities appear to be concentrated on large-scale and progressive farmers rather than on the traditional farmer which could result in increased income differentials and the creation of a ‘landless’ class. The costs of the project are too high for the benefits involved. Extension of the project to other parts of the country would be difficult to organize and manage due to the lack of trained manpower.     

Impact of telephone and satellite earth station installations on GDP : A model for rural areas of LDCs

Presents a method for estimating the impact on national development of installation of telecommunication facilities in rural areas of developing countries. A methodology developed by Hardy is applied to three groups of developing countries and a hypothetical rural region to estimate the impact on GDP per thin route satellite earth station installed over a ten year period. A logarithmic relationship between telephone density and impact on GDP per earth station is found, so that the impact per earth station increases with lower telephone densities. The model can be used to estimate the impact on national GDP of telephone installations and/or thin route earth stations in regions of low telephone density.     

Telecommunications infrastructure facilitating sustainable development of rural and remote communities in Northern Australia

Telecommunications access in the rural and remote areas of Australia has come under considerable scrutiny in recent years. In the past decade, various Federal Government reports and inquiries have citied inadequate infrastructure, lack of service provision, the high cost of access and “thin” markets as key impediments. Whilst these difficulties are not restricted to rural and remote Australia, they tend to impact disproportionately on regional communities, notably in education and health service provision. Particularly at risk are the indigenous communities in rural and remote regions of Australia.In this paper telecommunications infrastructure is perceived as the lynch-pin for achieving sustainable economic and social development. It is suggested that without appropriate development of information infrastructure, the disparities already experienced by rural and remote communities will be further exacerbated as the reliance of goods and services over computer-mediated networks increases.The paper offers a new paradigm that will assist in maintaining a competitive telecommunications environment and facilitate the sustainable social and economic development of rural and remote communities.     

引黄工程对沿线地方经济和社会发展的影响

山西省万家寨引黄工程是一项跨流域的大型引水工程。对解决山西省太原、大同、朔州三大城市的工业用水和城市居民生活用水起着重要作用。论述了工程建设的目的、意义;阐述了工程建设对沿线地方经济和社会发展的影响、存在问题及建议。     

农网"两改"效益实证分析

在进行农村电网改造、农电体制改革(简称“两改”,以下同)的经济效益调查中,发现“两改”完成后,农电的线损率下降,到户电价降低,售电量有明显增加。但由于“两改”带来的成本太大,以至农电收支出现逆差。扭转这种状况的方法是增收节支,在电价上升空间有限的情况下,增加农电收入的主要途径就是提高售电量,由于农村电量的增长与农民收入密切相关,因此需要国家有关提高农民收入方面的政策支持。供电企业本身也应通过转变经营观念,重视电力市场营销,并采取相应的措施来增加收入,同时加强供电企业内部的全面成本管理,通过实施降低成本的各项举措,提高经济效益。     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国制造业的影响

本文简要阐述了技术性贸易壁垒的概念和表现,根据传统产业和高新技术产业的不同特点,分析了技术性贸易壁垒对我国制造业的影响及特点,并简单提出建议。     

切实加强农网改造后的用电管理

伴随着农电管理体制改革的进行,农电部门职责范围已发生变化,为切实加强农网改造后的用电管理,把这项“德政工程”真正落到实处,张家口供电公司选择了部分供电分公司,就农改前后的情况进行了调研,提出了农网改造后用电营业管理工作的初步设想。 　　一、农网改造前用电管理的基本情况 　　机构及人员设置。张家口所辖各县全部为直供县,分公司下设用电股和乡站股,用电股负责用电业务的职能管理和对上的业务往来,乡站股对乡电管站进行业务指导及管理,负责农村用户用电的抄收、线路维护及故障处理等工作。各分公司根据当地实际情况分…     

推荐奖励计划对消费者推荐意愿的影响

推荐奖励计划是近些年发展起来的一种口碑管理工具,是企业通过一定形式的奖励来刺激已有顾客推荐新顾客的营销方案。本研究探索了推荐奖励计划在推荐数量限制、奖励力度、奖励对象和奖励物形式四个方面的设置对消费者推荐意愿的影响,检验了消费者意见领袖倾向的调节效应,并从感知推荐价值和感知社会风险视角探讨了推荐奖励计划对消费者推荐意愿影响的中介机制。     

以科学发展观促企业可持续发展

科学发展观是党中央提出的宏伟战略,对企业做大做强和实现可持续发展具有长远的战略指导意义.邯郸矿业集团阳邑矿业有限公司是邯郸矿业集团有限公司的一个下属控股子公司.公司前身为邯郸矿务局阳邑煤矿,始建于1969年,设计年生产能力为21万吨,后几经技术改造,矿井生产能力得到了提高,最高年产曾达到48.5万吨.1998年之后,由于资源枯竭,该矿进入了采残收尾阶段,产量一度大幅下滑.     

Impact of purchasing trends on industrial marketers

Purchasing departments have undergone dramatic changes during the past decade. This article examines key characteristics that changed during the 1970s including the purchasers' view of effective salespersons and women in purchasing. It is important that industrial marketers better understand these changes and subsequently implement marketing efforts that compliment the purchasing environment of the 1980s.     

营销能力对企业自主创新影响研究

中国企业普遍缺乏自主创新是否与营销能力低下有关,国内外已有研究没有能够很好回答该问题。本文提出了将企业的自主创新分为自主创新欲望、自主创新预期和自主创新绩效相互关联的行为逻辑过程,并建立了营销能力对这三个基本构面影响的理论假说和研究框架。通过企业实际数据验证表明:营销能力对企业自主创新过程存在正向显著影响。这一关系的证实将从营销能力视角,为提高中国企业自主创新的积极性、主动性和持续性提供新的对策研究思路与理论依据。     

The Impact of Product Innovativeness on Performance

While many writers and strategists maintain that innovation is important, research has often demonstrated that product innovativeness does not have a major impact on the rate of success in the marketplace. Elko Kleinschmidt and Robert Cooper demonstrate that the relationship between product innovativeness and commercial success is U-shaped. That means that both high and low innovativeness products are more likely to be more successful than those in-between. The authors suggest that past research has not allowed for this non-linear relationship and that their data show that moderately innovative, middle-of-the-road products are less likely to succeed when measured by a number of performance criteria. They explore a number of implications of these results.