中国信贷市场匹配机制的再设计

我国的银行信贷市场呈现二元结构--目标客户与非目标客户信贷市场.两者有着不同的运行机制.目标客户信贷市场的议价过程存在一个类似企业求婚的递延接受程序,市场的运行结果稳定.非目标客户信贷市场不存在导致稳定结果的分散化匹配程序,市场广度和深度不够.为提高非目标客户信贷市场的稳定性和运行效率,我们建议通过公布银行信贷方案、设立非目标客户信贷中心、设立中央化的匹配清算所等,把分散化的议价过程变成中央化的匹配程序,从而完善和降低中小企业的交易成本,为中小企业的发展拓展广阔空间.     

Redesigning our future: whose responsibility is it?

To thrive in the midst of health care chaos, restructuring is mandatory. By focusing on problem systems, to create the systems hospital executives can successfully empower staff to delivery high quality care while controlling costs.     

Ricardo on Agricultural Improvements: a Note

This note discusses the numerical examples of land saving and capital saving agricultural improvements Ricardo provided in the chapter on the rent of land in the Principles. Especially his illustration of the second kind of improvements met with fierce criticism. It is argued that Ricardo was not wrong in any substantive sense and that he could only be criticized for having changed the definition of rent as regards the timing of its payment from post to ante factum.     

产业组织对装备制造业产业创新能力的影响

从产业组织的角度出发,分析了企业自身状况、产业市场环境、技术提升行为以及创新成果产出4个维度对我国装备制造业产业创新能力的影响。构建了产业组织对装备制造业产业创新能力影响评价指标体系,并用因子分析法计算了产业组织各要素对装备制造业产业创新能力的影响权重。最后根据分析结果提出相应的对策建议。     

Distributing the Gains from Waterfront Productivity Improvements

Despite significant increases in waterfront productivity in recent years, waterfront users have complained that reductions in charges have been insufficient. This paper applies an indexing method that allows us to construct 'what-if' scenarios where the contribution of productivity, price changes and changes in firm size to stevedore profitability can clearly be seen. We then calculate the distribution of the benefits of productivity improvements between customers, labour and shareholders. We find that the direct purchasers of stevedoring services have reaped gains from waterfront reform over the past five years, receiving around 67 per cent of the available 'productivity dividend' in the form of lower real stevedoring prices.     

美国构建先进制造创新网络谋求引领制造业变革

为了重新振兴美国的制造业,美国提出设立国家先进制造先导计划,通过构建国家先进制造创新网络以确保美国在先进制造领域的领先地位。美国的制造业振兴计划能否引发新一轮制造技术研发竞争甚至技术革命,是否会对我国制造业产生极大冲击,需要认真思考。通过分析研究美国提出制造业振兴计划的背景和目的及其对我国制造业发展的启示,提出了我国应积极而谨慎地应对并有选择地在关键杨心技术方面率先取得突破的对策建议。     

基于组织有效性的组织管理分析

本文针对影响组织有效性的三类典型现象，通过原因分析，探讨解决办法，提出了提高组织工作有效性的三点建议，即：思想和方法统一、过程和结果统一、个体优化和集体优化统一。本文分析具有系统化和针对性，对提高组织有效性有参考价值。     

学习型组织是知识经济时代企业组织演进的方向

学习型组织是知识经济时代企业外部环境急剧变化情况下出现的一种新型组织形式,学习型组织提出的五项修炼提高了企业组织结构的灵活性和适应性,增强了企业的应变能力,具有较强的理论和现实意义。     

Fuel Efficiency Improvements: Feedback Mechanisms and Distributional Effects in the Oil Market

We study the interactions between fuel efficiency improvements in the transport sector and the oil market, where the efficiency improvements are policy-induced in certain regions of the world. We are especially interested in feedback mechanisms of fuel efficiency such as the rebound effect, carbon leakage and the “green paradox”, but also the distributional effects for oil producers. An intertemporal numerical model of the international oil market is introduced, where OPEC-Core producers have market power. We find that the rebound effect has a noticeable effect on the transport sector, with the magnitude depending on the oil demand elasticity. In the benchmark simulations, we calculate that almost half of the energy savings may be lost to a direct rebound effect and an additional 10% to oil price adjustments. In addition, there is substantial intersectoral leakage to other sectors through lower oil prices in the regions that introduce the policy. There is a small green paradox effect in the sense that oil consumption increases initially when the fuel efficiency measures are gradually implemented. Finally, international carbon leakage will be significant if policies are not implemented in all regions; we estimate leakage rates of 35% or higher when only major consuming regions implement fuel economy policies. Non-OPEC producers will to a larger degree than OPEC producers cut back on its oil supply as a response to fuel efficiency policies due to high production costs.     

中国制造业一定要走世界制造中心之路吗?

本文运用有关数据对比分析了中国与世界其他国家在制造业方面的差距后 ,不赞成中国走世界制造中心的发展道路 ,而对新型工业化道路该如何走 ,在走的过程中该如何发展中国的制造业 ,应处理好哪些关系 ,也作了回答。     

Enhanced Geospatial Validity for Meta-analysis and Environmental Benefit Transfer: An Application to Water Quality Improvements

Meta-regression models are commonly used within benefit transfer to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental quality improvements. Theory suggests that these estimates should be sensitive to geospatial factors including resource scale, market extent, and the availability of substitutes and complements. Valuation meta-regression models addressing the quantity of non-market commodities sometimes incorporate spatial variables that proxy for a subset of these effects. However, meta-analyses of WTP for environmental quality generally omit geospatial factors such as these, leading to benefit transfers that are invariant to these factors. This paper reports on a meta-regression model for water quality benefit transfer that incorporates spatially explicit factors predicted by theory to influence WTP. The metadata are drawn from stated preference studies that estimate per household WTP for water quality changes in United States water bodies, and combine primary study information with extensive geospatial data from external sources. Results find that geospatial variables are associated with significant WTP variations as predicted by theory, and that inclusion of these variables reduces transfer errors.     

试论我国政府审计计划管理的改进

我国政府审计计划管理工作尚未形成科学、系统的管理体系,仍存在重点不突出、风险控制不足、执行过程监控不力以及后续考评不到位等诸多问题。本文在研究分析我国政府审计计划管理现状、问题及成因的基础上,提出了改进建议。     

学习型组织与组织核心胜任特征的关系

在急剧变革的知识经济时代,组织处于激烈的环境变化之中,组织要取得持续发展的竞争优势,有效应对变革,就必须具备与战略相适应的核心胜任特征;因此,快速学习、持续学习。成为组织核心胜任特征产生的源泉,创建学习型组织,已成为组织获取核心竞争力、保持竞争优势的有效途径。     

Entry, Exit and Productivity: Empirical Results for German Manufacturing Industries

Abstract. From a model by Hopenhayn, three hypotheses can be derived: (H1) Firms that exit in year t were less productive in t− 1 than firms that continue to produce in t. (H2) Firms that enter in year t are less productive than incumbent firms in year t. (H3) Surviving firms from an entry cohort were more productive than non-surviving firms from this cohort in the start year. This paper uses unique newly available panel datasets for all manufacturing plants from Germany (1995–2002) to test these hypotheses. All three hypotheses are supported empirically for West and East Germany.     

我国医药制造业区域竞争力评价

本文以医药制造业竞争力为研究对象,选择有代表性的指标建立区域竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成份分析法评价模型对我国各省(直辖市、自治区)的医药制造业进行了实证研究,试图从中找出具有典型解释能力的关键因子,对我国的医药制造业的竞争力的差异进行解析,并提出相关对策建议.     

Accounting for Latent Attitudes in Willingness-to-Pay Studies: The Case of Coastal Water Quality Improvements in Tobago

The study of human behaviour and in particular individual choices is of great interest in the field of environmental economics. Substantial attention has been paid to the way in which preferences vary across individuals, and there is a realisation that such differences are at least in part due to underlying attitudes and convictions. While this has been confirmed in empirical work, the methods typically employed are based on the arguably misguided use of responses to attitudinal questions as direct measures of underlying attitudes. As discussed in other literature, especially in transport research, this potentially leads to measurement error and endogeneity bias, and attitudes should rather be treated as latent variables. In this paper, we illustrate the use of such an Integrated Choice and Latent Variable model in the context of beach visitors?? willingness-to-pay for improvements in water quality. We show how a latent attitudinal variable, which we refer to as a pro-intervention attitude, helps explain both the responses from the stated choice exercise as well as answers to various rating questions related to respondent attitudes. The incorporation of the latent variable leads to important gains in model fit and substantially different willingness-to-pay patterns.     

一种农业生产与分配的组织形式:“农业企业”

农村贫困问题是我国当前社会、经济的主要问题,是阻碍将我国建设成为和谐的全面小康社会的主要矛盾。文章阐述了科学发展观下的农村反贫困机制问题,认为农业生产模式的转变是农村反贫困的重点,提出了以企业组织农业生产的观点,并给出了相关的政策建议,最后通过对比,说明农业企业与农业公社的本质区别,指出在农村土地公有制的条件下的集中经营并不必然要走计划经济的道路,只有市场化才是改革的正确方向。