An Experimental Analysis of Intertemporal Allocation Behavior

If the future is uncertain, optimal intertemporal decisions rely on anticipating one's own optimal future behavior as is typical in dynamic programming. Our aim is to detect experimentally stylized facts about intertemporal decision making in a rich stochastic environment. Compared to previous experimental studies our experimental design is more complex since the time horizon is uncertain and termination probabilities have to be updated. In particular the decision task is non-stationary as in real life which seriously complicates the task of diagnosing behavioral regularities. In this study we give some illustrative results and provide some general perspectives. Our main result is that subjects' reaction to information about termination probablilities are qualitatively correct.     

Environmental regulation and firm location choice in China

How may environmental regulation affect firm location choice? While this question has generated great research interest from high-standard, industrial economies, in this article we turn the spotlight to low-standard, developing countries and use China’s Census of Manufactures data during 2003–2008 to explore how firms with different ownership, during different policy regimes as well as from different industries may respond to environmental regulations in different ways. Results show environmental stringency has a positive effect on state-owned enterprises’ location choice during 2003–2005, but the effect becomes insignificant during 2006–2008. Private-owned enterprises, foreign-owned enterprises and collective-owned enterprises are more likely to enter areas with less stringent environmental regulations during 2003–2005. However, this pattern is reversed for the period of 2006–2008. Furthermore, the above relationships are more pronounced for firms in polluting industries.     

Household Demand, Network Externality Effects and Intertemporal Price Discrimination

This paper examines the optimality of intertemporal price discrimination when network externality effects are present in the consumption of a durable good. We conduct our study in two settings. In a model with two household types, utilities are dependent on the cumulative proportion of households that have purchased the durable good. Next, in a model with a continuum of household types, we extend the analysis to the case where households consume both a durable good and a stream of non-durable goods. We show that in both settings, the presence of network externalities facilitates a sales strategy with intertemporal price discrimination.     

环境规制约束下企业发展的战略行为选择研究

环境规制约束下,企业发展可以采取的战略行为有四种:消极支付、环境管理、退出和进入。实践中,企业应根据自身的不同情况,做出相对应的选择,以有效地规避风险,响应社会的环保诉求,变不利为有利,实现企业的可持续发展。     

Voluntary Environmental Agreements and Competition Policy

Voluntary environmental agreements are oftensuspected to promote collusive practicesbetween participating firms. The paperaddresses the antitrust implications ofGermany's voluntary Dual Management System forPackaging Waste Collection and Recycling (DSD). It uses analytical tools of the economictheory of the firm to examine features ofDSD's governance structure that were oftenidentified to impede competition. While thepaper does not argue that DSD performs asefficiently as a hypothetical solution in amore competitive setting, it shows that thesefeatures have an economic rationale from theviewpoint of the theory of the firm. Thegeneral conclusion is that it is necessary tocarefully analyze the institutional fine-tuningof a voluntary agreement in order to derive theoverall impact stemming from a formal lack ofcompetition. A more case-to-case-oriented,institutional research approach could thereforefruitfully supplement model-driven, theoreticalanalyses of voluntary environmental agreementsand their effect on market competition.     

企业环境扫描行为研究综述

全球竞争环境的快速演变为我国企业提供了跨越式发展的机会窗口。然而,机会窗口并不是以预先包装好的形式出现。企业环境扫描行为特征直接影响其识别外部机会的能力,研究环境扫描行为对我国企业重构竞争优势具有战略意义。在我国理论界,有关企业环境扫描行为的研究刚刚起步。本文在回顾近40年文献的基础上,综述了企业环境扫描行为以及与战略、组织结构和环境特征等关系的研究进展,提出了待研究问题,探讨了未来研究方向。     

Environmental Regulations and Plant Exit

A qualitative response model is applied to study the relationship between environmental regulations and plant exit. The data set is Norwegian panel data for establishments in three manufacturing sectors that have high shares of units which have been under strict environmental regulations. In two of the sectors, the estimated exit probability of regulated establishments is, ceteris paribus, only one third of the exit probability of non-regulated establishments. We also find that the probability to change regulation status from being non-regulated to become regulated depends significantly on economic factors. In particular, establishments with weak profitability had the highest probability to come under environmental regulation.     

由环境工程项目看环境绩效审计

随着国际上对环境问题的日益关注，环境工程项目的实施和开展也已成为社会需要，环境工程项目的绩效审计与监督将成为我们工作重点。本文主要围绕环境工程项目及其绩效问题与新发展，提出了环境绩效审计的迫切性，阐述了环境绩效审计作为一种新型环境管理工具与众不同的特性。     

Intertemporal data and travel cost analysis

This paper considers the use of multi-year data in travel cost analysis. To exploit the information embedded within intertemporal data, two broad approaches are examined: multiple year cross sections and panel models. Multiple year cross sections can be used to detect trends, and to test for stability of behavior. Panel models can be used to control for unobservable factors that are individual specific. Unfortunately, the low intertemporal variability of travel cost data sets weakens the power of panel estimators. Using aggregate data from the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, the stability of demand processes over the 1980–1986 period is investigated, as well as the problems inherent in using panel estimators in travel cost analysis.     

基于微观环保制度的农村内源性环境风险管理

内源性环境风险的长效管理既是村民环境诉求点又是农村环境风险管理的薄弱点.文章分析了自上而下的环境保护制度在农村环境风险管理中的局限性和微观环保制度的可行性.以S村为例,基于长期存续的公共资源治理制度的设计原则,评价了S村垃圾管理微观制度的供给与实施状况,分析了它在风险源风险性管理和受体脆弱性管理中的有效性,提出了以微观环保制度作为农村内源性环境风险管理长效机制的建议.     

环境政策综合化与企业环境管理自组织机制的培育

发达国家环境政策的演化并不是新工具对旧工具的取代,而是环境政策体系与工具的不断丰富与综合。基于环境问题的复杂性与模糊性,企业环境外部性问题的真正内化,依赖于企业环境管理自组织机制的培育。因此,环境政策应以培育与发展企业环境管理自组织为目标,环境政策综合化是适应不同企业处于不同环境管理自组织水平的需要。根据企业环境管理自组织水平,相机抉择实施不同环境政策,才能发挥政策的效力。     

生态预算:一种城市环境管理模型

I. The reasons for the establishment of eco-budget It is one of the biggest challenges for us to develop with scarce resources at the beginning of this century. Local governments are at the forefront to meet the serious challenge. When we talk about scarce resources, we often think of finances. However, the lack of environmental re- sources goes far beyond the shortage of finance and personnel. In 1990s, the development of new mechanisms for the public management models aimed at achieving pro…     

基于知识管理的环境管理信息化

基于知识管理的环境管理信息化就是运用技术工具和程序处理来数字化存储环境保护中的知识和智慧,并通过网络使得整个环境管理领域的知识和经验得到传播、共享和访问。本文在分析环境管理信息化与知识管理密切关系的基础上,提出了基于知识管理的环境管理信息化在其发展的进程中所面临的问题,并对需要解决的问题提出了相应对策。     

论环境保护机制内化与企业自组织环境管理

以＂管制＂和以＂市场激励＂为导向的环境政策,其目的都在于促使环境外部性问题内在化。从目前实际情况来看,尽管取得了一定的效果,但远没有真正实现环保机制的内生化。环境问题的复杂性和模糊性等特征,决定了要实现环保机制内生于企业,必须要依靠企业自组织环境管理的发展。一些高绩效企业所实行的自组织环境管理实践佐证了这一观点。企业自组织环境管理的发展正是把环保机制培植于企业本体内的过程。     

企业环境行为的经济分析

企业既是环境污染的主要制造者.也是环境保护的主战场.如何激励企业采取合理的环境行为来认知和承担自身造成的"负外部性",协调经济发展与环境保护之间的关系.是当前社会关注的焦点.本文对企业面对来自政府、公众、市场等方面的压力时采取的环境行为进行了经济学分析,识别影响企业改善环境行为的关键因素,为政府制订有效的环境政策提供决策支持.     

对创新我国环境管手段的若干思考

本文从经济手段、法律手段、行政手段、宣传手段等方面提出了加强和改善环境管理的若干新思路，提出了完善现行政府环保制度，加强民间环境管理的若干建议，希望对21世纪的我国环境管理产生积极影响。     

What Does it Take to Sell Environmental Policy? An Empirical Analysis of Referendum Data

We analyze the factors that influence the support for environmental policy proposals. Swiss referendum data show that proposals obtain more yes-votes if they do not restrict consumption possibilities directly, if they are endorsed by the largest business association, if environmental preferences are strong and economic conditions are favorable at the time of the referendum. Also, there are more pro-environmental votes in cantons with higher population density. On the other hand, yes-votes do not seem to depend on whether a proposal involves a tax or not.     

神农谷国家森林公园游客环境态度与行为调查

以神农谷国家森林公园游客为研究对象,以便利抽样方式调查森林旅游游客环境态度与环境行为的相关关系,以指导神农谷森林旅游可持续经营与管理的需要。经分析得到环境责任、生态关系、游客意愿和居民福祉四个游客环境态度因子,参与互动、积极参与、环境干扰、环境维护和后续保护五个游客环境行为因子。研究发现,神农谷游客环境态度与环境行为倾向整体较高,游客环境态度与环境行为意向显著相关。