Changes in the behaviour of Russian consumers under recent reforms

It is under the market system that consumer behaviour becomes a significant determinant of economic conditions. Hence, it becomes possible to assess the degree to which economic transformations have taken place by observing the importance of consumers' behaviour and the manners in which this behaviour has changed. The objective of this report is to analyze those changes in consumer behaviour that have appeared under the Russian market reforms.

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Änderungen im Verhalten russischer Konsumenten im Verlauf der jüngsten Reformen

Zusammenfassung Unter marktwirtschaftlichen Bedingungen kann das Konsumentenverhalten zu einer wichtigen Determinante der ökonomischen Bedingungen werden. Die Beobachtung der Rolle des Verbraucherverhaltens und der Art und Weise, wie es sich geÄndert hat, ermöglicht ein Urteil darüber, wieweit die ökonomische Umgestaltung einer Volkswirtschaft vorangeschritten ist. Der Beitrag berichtet über solche VerhaltensÄnderungen von Verbrauchern, die durch die russischen Marktreformen ausgelöst wurden.

     

The effects of consumers’ ethical beliefs on copying behaviour

Computer technologies, in general, and Internet technologies, in particular, have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of business over the last several years. One area of continued concern is the protection of intellectual properties within the boundaries of these computer-mediated environments, most notably copyrights. While the ability to share copyrighted information has always existed at the most basic levels, the advent of the information age has allowed the sharing of this information to take place in potentially greater quantities and without a loss of quality. As such, copying digital works creates a major threat to industries dealing in the production and distribution of copyrightable creations. The focus of this research is to better understand how consumers’ ethical philosophies and judgements regarding the opportunities to download copyrighted works from the Internet impact assessments of copying behaviour.     

Diversity in deprivation: exploring the grocery shopping behaviour of disadvantaged consumers

Social exclusion has received much attention in recent years among governments and policy makers. While there are many aspects of social exclusion, of particular interest to marketing and consumer behaviour is the issue of the accessibility of consumer goods and services to socially excluded groups. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the grocery shopping behaviour of disadvantaged consumers. The research was conducted with a sample of consumers living in a deprived residential area in Scotland. While the participants were mainly characterized as 'economic shoppers', they were heavily dependent on the local convenience stores, due, mainly, to the financial and mobility restrictions they faced. The experience of 'social exclusion' was not homogeneous within the sample, varying with other aspects of disadvantage, including social support networks, illness, age, family situation and mobility. The implications of this research are discussed and potential research directions highlighted.     

Buying behaviour of rural and urban consumers in India: the impact of packaging

This study aims to establish whether the residential background of consumers has a varying influence on their buying decisions. A survey of 1090 urban and rural respondents was carried out of which 523 were rural and 567 were urban. The gathered data were analysed by applying counts, percentages, means, and analysis of variance. Rural residents found that packaging is more helpful in buying, that better packaging contains a better product and that they are more influenced by the ease of storing a package than their urban counterparts. Ease of carriage, package weight, simplicity, transparency and similarity of packaging have comparatively less impact on purchase decisions of rural consumers than urban ones. However, rural consumers are more critical about packaging as they strongly consider that it contributes to misleading buyers and is also an environmental hazard.     

央视“春耕”走进基层,区域经济借力发展

江苏常熟和广东小榄镇是今年中央电视台春耕行动重点走访的两个地区。中央电视台广告部相关负责人告诉记者,常熟和小榄这两个地区不仅有很多市场应变、自主创新能力都特别突出的民营企业,而且还有很多经营成功的     

Evaluating the purchase behaviour of organic food by young consumers in an emerging market economy

Promoting consumer purchase behaviour of eco-friendly products is key to environmental sustainability. This research aims to investigate how different factors may enhance or impede young consumers’ intentions to purchase a specific type of eco-friendly product, i.e. organic food. Data were obtained from 289 respondents in an emerging market economy, i.e. Vietnam. Multivariate data analysis using structural equation modelling revealed that food safety concern, health consciousness and media exposure to food messages played integral roles in the formation of attitude towards organic food. Interestingly, consumers’ environmental concern and food taste were of little value in predicting their attitude. Notably, perceived barriers (i.e. high price, inadequate availability, poor labelling and extra time required) significantly impeded both attitude and purchase intention towards organic food. The insights gained from this research extend current knowledge about pro-environmental behaviour in developing countries and they have important practical implications for marketers and other key stakeholders.     

A lifestyle analysis of female consumers in greater China

This study compares the lifestyles of female consumers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China, which together make up Greater China. The investigation revealed that significant differences exist among the three groups of female consumers in nine different areas. These are (a) women's role and perception, (b) family orientation, (c) home cleanliness, (d) brand consciousness, (e) price consciousness, (f) self-confidence, (g) addiction to work, (h) health consciousness, and (i) environmental consciousness. Although the women studied in the three groups were found to be heavily influenced by Confucianism, they were also affected by western culture to varying degrees. Thus, the three groups were found to have a mixture of traditional and modern values. Hong Kong women were found to favor a more modern view of the role of women than their counterparts in China and Taiwan. However, women in China, especially the younger ones, were quickly adopting new values and Western ideas. The authors foresee that female consumers in Greater China will become increasingly similar in their lifestyles in the near future. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

城市电网10kV配电系统继电保护分析探讨

文章介绍了城市电网10kV配电系统在电力系统中的重要位置及城市电网10kV配电系统继电保护的基本类型,着重介绍了几种目前国内常用的电流保护:反时限过电流保护、定时限过电流保护,并分析了各类保护装置的基本构成、保护范围、动作原理、配合方法、优缺点,给出了详细的整定计算过程.     

On the economic evaluation of the Stabex system

The discussion on the significance for development policy of the Stabex system, which gained additional impetus as a result of the financing problems observed for the first time in 1981, has up to now suffered from a lack of empirical analysis of the scheme’s effects. The following article attempts to quantitatively determine some of these effects for the period 1975–79 and to evaluate the scheme according to aspects of stabilisation, distribution and allocation.     

倾销的经济本质分析

中国加入世贸组织后，屡屡遭到反倾销的诉讼，倾销似乎成为不正当竞争的代名词．本文深入剖析了倾销的本质，指明了倾销产生的原因、备件，最终证明了对倾销行为的恣意干涉是不符合经济利益的。     

An economic analysis of the East Asia crisis

Since the summer of 1997, the East Asian “tiger” nations have suffered an unprecedented bout of weakness, plunging what had been vigorously expanding economies into a deep crisis. A number of domestic economic problems joined forces with turbulence on the foreign exchanges to generate a crisis of confidence on a grand scale. The crisis was triggered off by fundamental imbalances, with a key role being played by the “moral hazard” effect: domestic enterprises had been backed by implicit state guarantees, and it was always assumed that the IMF would assist if necessary. Then a destabilizing wave of speculation ran through the financial markets, pushing even countries with sound economic structures into difficulties. This article highlights the sequence of developments in the East Asian crisis, providing an economic explanation of the phenomenon.     

论世界经济发展的区域集团化及其影响

在经济全球化过程中,世界经济区域集团化成为当代世界经济的重要特征之一。资本主义基本经济规律的作用导致世界生产力的迅速发展,必然会导致国际生产关系的改变。谋取超额利润是世界经济区域集团化的基本动力。因此,有必要正确认识世界经济区域集团化对世界经济和各国经济的影响,抓住机遇,迎接挑战。     

让消费者创造内容——新鲜传媒“校园营销尖兵”开启活动营销2.0时代

舞台、表演、轰隆的音乐、嘈杂的宣传、随处可见的海报和宣传单、售卖……不注意暼过还以为置身热闹的商业广场,可这确实是某知名品牌的校园推广活动。这样的场景在无数校园上演,也是当下最普遍的校园营销形式。     

亚太地区消费者观察--《Eye On Asia^TM亚洲探索》年度报告在京发布

2008年4月15日,全球最大的传播集团之一Grev Group（葛瑞集团）,在北京正式发布了《Eye On Asia^TM亚洲探索》年度性的趋势预测数据报告,该报告从工作态度、家庭责任感、经济收入、环境忧虑及价值观等多个不同角度,对亚太地区16个被调查的国家和地区的人民进行分析,以期更理解亚太地区的消费者。     

An economic analysis of child restraints

Child safety in automobiles became an important safety issue during the 1970s. It was recognized that children needed their own specific restraint systems and that unrestrained children were particularly susceptible to serious injuries, in particular head injury. As a result performance standards for child restraints were issued by the federal government while states passed child restraint use laws. This study examined the cost per life year saved for child restraints which were in use in 1987. These costs are likely to be overestimated since the analysis did not consider the benefits from injury reduction, the quality of the life year saved and the effect of the child's death on remaining family members. The discount rate had a major impact on the cost per life year saved due to the long life expectancy of young children. It was concluded that child restraints were cost effective though problems of misuse and nonuse remained.

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Zusammenfassung Eine ökonomische Analyse von Kinder-Sicherheitssitzen im Auto. Anfang der 70er Jahre wurde die Sicherheit von Kindern in Automobilen zu einem wichtigen Thema, nachdem beobachtet worden war, da\ ungesicherte Kinder erheblichen Gefahren von Verletzungen ausgesetzt sind, insbesondere von Kopfverletzungen. Die Notwendigkeit spezieller Kindersicherungen wurde deutlich; Sicherheitsstandards für Kindersitze wurden behördlich erlassen und die Benutzung von solchen Sitzen bindend vorgeschrieben.Die vorliegende Untersuchung ermittelte für das Jahr 1987 die Kosten von Kinder-Sicherheitssitzen pro gerettetem Lebensjahr, wobei in der Berechnung sowohl die Zahl der geretteten Leben wie auch die Lebenserwartung eines Kindes im Jahre 1987 berücksichtigt wurden. Die Berechnung erfa\te nicht die positiven Effekte durch Verringerung der Verletzungsgefahr, die Lebensqualität der geretteten Lebensjahre und die negativen Effekte auf die Familie eines getöteten Kindes; insofern dürften die ermittelten Kosten tendenziell überschätzt sein. Hauptergebnis der Analyse ist, da\ Kinder-Sicherheitssitze auch bei rein ökonomischer Betrachtung kosteneffektiv sind, wenn es auch Probleme dadurch gibt, da\ die Sitze gelegentlich fehlerhaft oder überhaupt nicht benutzt werden.

     

浅谈多层次分析法在经济管理中的运用

我国经济社会在不断的发展,同时也出现了很多管理上的问题,所以,采用科学的经济管理方法是解决这一问题的有效途径,本文通过对企业信息化经济管理的介绍,分析和阐述了如何运用多层次分析法建立模型,从而解决企业经济管理中存在的问题.     

C2C电子商务平台下消费者购买行为的影响因素分析

在互联网强大的通讯能力下,利用专业网站提供的大型电子商务平台,进行商品销售的C2C交易模式正在迅猛发展。然而,在庞大的互联网用户中真正发生在线购买行为的消费者数目却相对较少。为此,本文以C2C交易平台为研究背景,试图通过文献搜集、问卷调查与分析,提出若干个影响消费者在线购买行为的关键因素,分析并解释C2C交易平台下消费者购买行为的影响因子及影响程度,为C2C交易平台经营者提供参考。     

关于黑龙江省改善经济发展环境的思考

发展是硬道理，良好的发展环境可以集聚生产要素，促进经济和社会发展。现阶段招商引资已成为各地发展经济的重要手段，改善和优化经济发展环境自然成为吸引投资的前提条件。     

Blessings and the spiritual life of consumers

The growing social phenomenon of ritually blessed animal companions suggests that the concept of the blessing should receive more attention in the field of consumer behavior. By documenting the importance of perceived sacred power and by capturing the words, gestures, and artifacts of the animal-blessing ritual, Holak highlights the role that these factors can play in the efforts of individuals and businesses to express, to those they care about, the wish that good should follow.     

欧洲经济发展问题浅析

随着欧洲主权债务危机的越演越烈,人们一直在探讨债务危机发生的原因,但很少从深层次的角度分析欧洲经济发生危机最根本的原因。欧洲在过去的几十年里,经济发展一直仅次于美国,但近些年的发展明显滞后于美国,本文从欧洲的经济制度、政策模式、技术创新等方面分析了经济发展缓慢的原因及未来的几年内欧洲面临的挑战。