我国上市商业银行公司治理结构与银行绩效实证分析

商业银行是金融体系的重要组成部分。商业银行公司治理关系到商业银行的未来发展和收益以及竞争力问题。研究商业银行的公司治理结构,对提升商业银行的治理水平和面对国际国内同行竞争具有重大的意义。本文基于我国上市的商业银行,选择具有代表性的上市银行公司治理结构变量和绩效变量,研究商业银行公司治理和银行绩效的关系,并在此基础上提出相应的政策建议。     

商业银行公司治理——从董事会和高管角度的分析

本文分析了公司治理和商业银行公司治理理论的发展状况,并建立了一个董事会和高级管理层之间的微观博弈模型,对商业银行董事会、对高级管理层的监督查处进行了理论上的分析和探讨。得出了三个基本结论:一、在适当的范围内,董事会规模越小,董事会监督高管的作用越大。二、在适当的范围内,董事会的外部董事比例越高,董事会对银行高管的惩处力度越大。三、当董事会对银行高管的非正常收入调查惩处力度比较大时,若要高管当前以股东和相关利益者利益最大化为目标进行经营,实行以高未来收入为激励的方法是可行的。     

上市银行董事会治理与银行绩效

现有有关董事会治理与企业绩效的研究大都将视角涵盖所有行业，而且有相当数量的实证分析所用的样本数据将金融业排除在外，如此得出的结论在银行业是否成立就值得商榷。尤其值得注意的是，银行业本身的特殊性使得在公司治理问题上明显有别于其他行业。本研究在充分考虑银行业特征的基础上，结合已上市的商业银行的数据，着重分析银行董事会治理与银行绩效间的关系。通过建立一组单方程回归模型，对比考察了董事会治理各个因素对银行绩效的影响。研究表明，银行股权结构制衡能力较好，独立董事对绩效有微弱的促进作用，而因为治理方面的特殊性，银行董事会的监督功能有所弱化。     

股权集中度、董事会治理特征与银行综合绩效——基于我国上市银行的实证研究

文章以2007-2010年我国上市满一年的14家银行为样本,实证分析了股权集中度和董事会治理特征对银行综合绩效的影响。研究结果表明：就股权集中度而言,第一大股东持股比例与综合绩效负相关,而前五大股东及前十大股东持股比例与综合绩效显著正相关;就董事会治理而言,董事会规模与综合绩效之间存在非线性的倒U型关系,董事会会议次数和董事薪酬与综合绩效显著正相关,但独立董事比例对综合绩效的影响不显著。     

董事会特征与公司绩效的研究综述

董事会作为联结股东与经理层的纽带,是公司治理机制的重要组成部分,其治理效率直接关系到公司业绩和股东利益.董事会独立性较低、董事会职能不清以及董事会作用微弱是我国许多公司存在的问题.文章梳理了董事会特征与公司绩效方面的文献,希望为后续学者的研究提供阅读思路.     

我国上市商业银行公司治理绩效的实证研究

商业银行公司治理结构是现代银行制度的核心,对于商业银行的发展具有决定意义的作用。我国上市商业银行是按照现代企业制度的要求建立起来的,在公司治理方面相对我国其他类型银行具有一定的借鉴意义,因此对我国上市商业银行进行研究具有一定的理论和应用价值。本文采用实证研究方法,通过对于商业银行年报中披露的有关公司治理数据的统计分析,考察了公司治理结构中股权结构、董事会特征、监事会特征、高级管理层激励特征等各类治理指标对于商业银行公司业绩的影响关系。     

创业板公司董事会特征与公司绩效的实证研究

董事会作为代表公司行使其法人财产权的会议机关,是公司内部治理结构的核心。规范和经验分析共同表明,董事会特征会对其职能的行使发挥作用,进而对公司绩效产生影响。本文基于创业板上市公司两年的面板数据,采用多元回归方法,对创业板上市公司董事会特征与公司绩效的关系进行了实证研究,找出专属于我国创业板公司的规律。实证结果显示,董事会两职合一有利于提高公司绩效,独立董事比例与公司绩效呈倒U型关系,第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效呈显著负相关关系,最优董事会规模未得到验证。     

上市银行董事会治理与银行绩效

现有有关董事会治理与企业绩效的研究大都将视角涵盖所有行业,而且有相当数量的实证分析所用的样本数据将金融业排除在外,如此得出的结论在银行业是否成立就值得商榷.尤其值得注意的是,银行业本身的特殊性使得在公司治理问题上明显有别于其他行业.本研究在充分考虑银行业特征的基础上,结合已上市的商业银行的数据,着重分析银行董事会治理与银行绩效间的关系.通过建立一组单方程回归模型,对比考察了董事会治理各个因素对银行绩效的影响.研究表明,银行股权结构制衡能力较好,独立董事对绩效有微弱的促进作用,而因为治理方面的特殊性,银行董事会的监督功能有所弱化.     

董事会特征、机构投资者持股与商业银行治理

本文以2003-2010年的上市商业银行为样本,研究了商业银行董事会特征和机构投资者持股对商业银行的公司治理效应.实证结果表明,在全样本下商业银行董事会的治理作用不明显,而机构投资者却有很好的治理效应.在以独立董事比例为依据的分组样本中,对于低独立性样本,独立董事和机构投资具有互补效应;对于高独立性样本,独立董事和机构投资者呈相互替代的关系.在以机构投资者持股比例为依据的分组样本中,无论是在低机构样本纽中还是高机构样本组中,商业银行独立董事和机构投资者之间都呈互补关系.     

不同产业属类董事会治理结构与公司绩效的相关性——基于A股上市公司的实证分析

随着经济全球化发展,司治理已经成为现代企业提升企业核心竞争力的关键因素,而建立一个规范、独立、结构合理、富有效率的董事会是完善公司治理结构、提高公司绩效的重要内容.本文对2003年至2005年三年间深市333家上市公司共计982个有效数据进行描述分析并做出研究假设,利用SPSS软件进行描述性统计分析,并建立多元回归分析模型,通过实证研究分析上市公司董事会治理结构特征与公司绩效的相关性,为公司绩效的改善提供参考.     

Governance and Performance Implications of Diversification Strategies: Evidence from Large U.S. Firms

Recent research focuses on explaining the diversification discount. However, there is little direct evidence regarding the relation among ownership structure, corporate governance, and corporate diversification. The results in this paper suggest that agency issues do not account for firms adopting a particular diversification strategy. Also, the performance consequences of the shift in the diversification strategy and the subsequent changes in institutional and block ownership structures are not related to agency issues. In fact, investors seem not to avoid diversified firms per se. We suggest that observed board and ownership differences between diversified and focused firms are due to their being at different stages of corporate evolution.     

建立独立董事制度 完善公司治理结构

为了规范上市公司的法人治理结构，使董事会更公正地代表股东利益尤其是中小股东的利益，借鉴国际市场经验，笔者认为，在上市公司中引入独立董事制度是完善中国上市公司治理结构的重要步骤。     

银行董事会特征、CEO报酬与银行绩效——基于对11家股份制银行的数据分析

本文通过采集2005～2008年11家已上市的全国股份制商业银行的数据,实证分析了银行董事会独立性与CEO报酬之间的关系,并在考虑银行CEO报酬内生性基础上,进一步检验了银行董事会独立性、CEO报酬和银行绩效的关系。研究结果显示:长任期的CEO、CEO兼任董事长、较大比例的内部董事和较大的董事会规模构成了中国上市银行的监管障碍。银行CEO的高薪酬是不足为奇的,因为高薪酬对应的是银行业绩的显著增长。CEO报酬是银行公司治理的强化机制,授予银行CEO合理的激励报酬可以克服银行监管障碍,提高银行治理水平。     

银行背景董事与可转债融资: 中国的证据

基于我国的金融环境,将银行背景董事的来源分为五大行和非五大行两种类型,以此考察不同来源的银行背景董事对可转债融资的影响是否存在差异。研究发现：来自五大行的银行背景董事对可转债融资申请是否被证监会审核通过不会产生显著影响,而来自非五大行的银行背景董事具有显著的正面影响,但是,在可转债融资后的经营业绩上,两者都不会产生显著的积极影响。这表明银行背景董事的作用,主要来自于非五大行的银行背景董事,并且,发挥的作用有限,仅体现了其咨询功能,而非监督功能。     

The Nature of Board Nominating Committees and Their Role in Corporate Governance

This study examines the association between the employment and composition of nominating committees with board and ownership characteristics. First, the results suggest that the likelihood of using a nominating committee is inversely related to the level of inside ownership and positively weakly, related to the independence, but not the number, of outside board members. Second, the percentage of insiders participating in the committee is positively related to inside ownership, and negatively related to proxies for outside director quality. Finally, outside directors are more likely to serve on the nominating committee the more outside directorships they hold, and the longer their tenure in the firm. The likelihood of insider committee membership rises with a director's equity investment, with board tenure, and with other committee memberships. Taken together, the results are consistent with nominating committees substituting inside ownership in controlling management, mostly improving board quality, and being staffed with independent, experienced, and knowledgable members.     

Boards of Directors, Market Discipline and Firm Performance

Abstract:   The board of directors is generally seen as an important internal governance structure. However, the empirical evidence on the board‐performance relationship is not conclusive. On the other hand, a growing literature suggests that different control mechanisms, either internal or external to the firm, can interact with each other and affect performance. One such important factor is product market competition. The objective of the study is to investigate further the board‐performance relationship taking into consideration the potential effect of market competition. More precisely, the study analyzes the combined effect of boards of directors' characteristics, and market discipline on firm performance. Overall, the results suggest that competition has a positive and significant impact on firm profitability and productivity. Moreover, this determinant factor creates the conditions for which the board‐performance relationship is supported. In other words, for boards to be effective, firms should be exposed to a competitive environment.     

Board governance and corporate performance

We examine the link between the monitoring capacity of the board and corporate performance of UK listed firms. We also investigate how firms use the flexibility offered by the voluntary governance regime to make governance choices. We find a strong positive association between the board governance index we construct and firm operating performance. Our results imply that adherence to the board‐related recommendations of the UK Corporate Governance Code strengthens the board's monitoring capacity, potentially helping mitigate agency problems, but that investors do not value it correspondingly. Moreover, in contrast to prior UK findings suggesting efficient adoption of Code recommendations, we find that firms at times use the Code flexibility opportunistically, aiming to decrease the monitoring capacity of the board, which is followed by subsequent underperformance. This finding questions the effectiveness of the voluntary approach to governance regulation followed in the UK and in many countries around the world.     

The Increasing Use of Non-Executive Directors: Its Impact on UK Board Structure and Governance Arrangements

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of non-executive directors (NEDs) on the boards of UK listed firms. Using a sample period spanning the publication of the Cadbury Report (1992), this paper evaluates the implications of this increase. The main findings can be summarised as follows. First, the increased demand for NEDs has been more pronounced for firms classified as having proportionately too many executive board members in the pre-Cadbury period. Secondly, the probability of compliance with the Cadbury Report's proposal for a minimum of three NEDs is positively related to the magnitude of the expected net benefits of adding further non-executives to the board. Finally, there is little evidence that the increased use of NEDs caused firms to make costly adjustments to other elements of their control systems in an attempt to re-equilibrate their governance portfolios. These findings are consistent with claims that the recent trend towards greater NED representation on UK boards may have helped to raise general governance standards.