现代社会发展内容和现实价值

社会发展理论是马克思主义社会发展理论与中国社会发展实际相结合的产物,它从社会发展的运行层面上系统回答了经济文化落后的国家如何实现现代化的问题是具有中国特色东方社会理论。在新的历史时期提出了社会发展理论,是面对世纪之交的国内外形势,对于今天构建社会主义和谐社会是具有借鉴意义和现实价值的。     

Health Care

A bstract . A broad rational national health care insurance policy for the United States , providing for universal financial access to health care for all citizens, has both "meaning" and "validity" in that it would address actual socioeconomic concerns and could be implemented. It is justified by theories of justice of Rawls and Donaldson as well as by Adam Smith's socioeconomic model. Social consensus in this area accepts the principle of solidarity that individual self-interests may be better served through collective action , especially if such action is tied to competitive rules. Health care, therefore, is evolving as a public or quasi public good. The basic question no longer is whether the U.S. should have universal health care insurance but what specific health care policy the country should adopt in order to strengthen the market system and to maximize social welfare as effectively as possible.     

Parsonian Economic Sociology

A bstract .   This article focuses on Parsonian economic sociology and its actual or potential bridges and contributions to contemporary economics. These bridges are methodological or epistemological and theoretical or substantive ones. A relevant instance of the methodological bridges is socioeconomic holism, epitomized in the systems approach to economy and society. An important case of the theoretical bridges is sociological institutionalism. The holistic systems approach is a pertinent methodological bridge in that it treats the economy as an integral element of society as a larger system, and consequently treats economics as part of the complex of social sciences. Sociological institutionalism is an important theoretical bridge to (especially institutional) economics by virtue of its emphasis on social institutions and their economic significance. Some other methodological and theoretical bridges of Parsonian economic sociology to contemporary economics are also identified and discussed.     

模块化设计中的价值管理

模块化设计作为新产业结构的本质特征,实际上是工业时代产品标准化概念的延伸和发展。它既强调产品的统一性和各部分的标准化,同时又强调产品整体最优和各部分的创新性。分解组合思想是其基本思想所在,即将大系统“化整为零”,分解成为若干小系统,实现小系统局部最优和将小系统“合零为整”,使之相互协调配合,实现大系统全局最优的结合。文中运用系统评价的价值分析方法,以功能为核心对系统进行分解,使具有协同作用的模块的组合形成功能组合,达到整体功能最优,从而实现功能放大的效果,同时通过个别模块的替代或特定模块的升级带动整体功能的替换或功能水平的提升。由此看来,将价值管理应用于模块化设计中,为多样化时代的标准化工作提供了新的技术管理方式和思维方式。     

论现代企业财务风险及其预警

财务风险是威胁企业生存的重要因素之一。研究财务风险及其预警具有非常重要的理论和现实意义,国内外学者做了很多有益探索。本文在总结这些探索基础上,提出经济附加值(EVA)预警模型,以期对企业财务风险预警有一定指导作用。     

Social Networks and Economic Sociology

A bstract The social network metaphor is widely used by sociologists to study socioeconomic behavior and processes The use of social networks generally takes place within the ranks of sociology However, a more complete social science would result by combining work being done on social networks within sociology with mainline economic theory The insights from such a research agenda will help us better understand socioeconomic behavior With this in mind, the main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of the network metaphor to economists This objective will be accomplished through developing four basic components of social networks, and using them to navigate through the existing literature in economic sociology Furthermore, topics for future research in which social networks can provide contributions to the explanation of socioeconomic behavior are explored as well     

煤的工业分析过程及意义研究

本文从实际出发,阐述了煤工业分析的定义以及表达式,说明了煤的工业分析的重要性以及主要意义,在整个分析过程中,灰分属于无机组成成分,而固定碳以及挥发分则属于煤中的有机组成部分。对于煤的工业分析而言,在整个过程中虽然显得较为简单,可分析结果会严重影响到煤炭的性质以及煤的使用,因此,对煤进行工业分析具有至关重要的作用。     

Can Collective Intentionality Be Individualized?

A BSTRACT . Searle's philosophical construction of social reality has three basic "building blocks": collective intentionality, constitutive rules, and the imposition of functions. This article will focus on the first of these, collective intentionality, which is taken to be the central span on the bridge from physics to society. Searle analyzes this notion in terms of his own internalist theory of intentionality. In his view, we could have all the collective intentionality we have even if we were a brain in a vat, i.e., even if we were radically mistaken about the outside world. It will be argued that such an internalist view of collective intentionality cannot capture normative aspects of social phenomena. Social reality requires a radical relational approach.     

INTERACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF A RESPONSIVE PUBLIC SPACE: CASE STUDY IN IRAN

A place is generally identified by its varying physical, activity, social and meaning (connotative) characteristics. In this paper, the "Model of Responsive Public Space" is defined by these four aspects and each of them has its own special indicators as shown in previous studies on this subject. To examine this model and evaluate the interactions between these dimensions, experimental studies were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, open-ended structured interviews were carried out with 70 participants to adjust the model with personal opinions about public spaces in Qazvin city, Iran. In the second stage a questionnaire was used to explore the effect of the four dimensions on each other. 598 users of a selected public space participated in this study. The results were analyzed by SPSS software applying a Pearson correlation test and Excel software. These results indicate that not only in theory but also in practice, public spaces have four distinct aspects that must be taken into consideration when creating a responsive public space. The most significance correlation is that between the meaning and the social dimension of public spaces.     

社会保障税的税制思考

开征社会保障税势在必行。作为筹集社会保险资金的主要途径,社会保障税具有强制性和固定性,在社会、经济发展过程中起着特殊的作用。社会保障税的设计要充分考虑劳动者和政府的利益。结合一些国际经验和我国的实际情况,对符合我国国情的社会保障税制基本框架作一些研究和探索。     

Leadership as an Ideograph: A Rhetorical Analysis of Military Leadership Training Material

The current rhetorical study used McGee's theory of ideographs to identify how cultural politics influence efforts to portray “leadership” in a military setting. Such an approach seeks to better address some of the enigmas that have complicated the understanding of military leadership—and leadership in general—for decades. McGee's theory emphasizes that language reflects political as well as referential qualities and, in some instances, these attributes come into conflict. Acknowledging this reality in an applied setting can help address ambiguous issues that escape the net of prevailing social‐science approaches to leadership inquiry. The rhetorical analysis, which examines U.S. Air Force leadership training material, documents the manner in which ideographic portrayals of leadership were pervasive in each training program, and it considers practical implications of such a situation. Most notably, the analysis provides an explanation of how ideographic portrayals of leadership implicitly emphasize cultural indoctrination over promoting social influence skills. Such an orientation fortifies the military hierarchy and perpetuates romantic views of the military profession, but it also blurs key distinctions between social control and social influence. It is suggested that because ideographs reflect vital cultural motives, associated problems are inherently difficult to remedy.     

VARIETY OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ECONOMICS

Abstract.  It has been argued by some that the distinction between orthodox economics and heterodox economics does not fit the growing variety in economic theory, unified by a common methodological approach. On the other hand, it remains a central characteristic of heterodox economics that it does not share this methodological approach, but rather represents a range of alternative methodological approaches. The paper explores the evidence, and arguments, for variety in economics at different levels, and a range of issues which arise. This requires in turn a discussion of the meaning of variety in economics at the different levels of reality, methodology, method and theory. It is concluded that there is scope for more, rather than less, variety in economic methodologies, as well as within methodologies. Further, if variety is not to take the form of 'anything goes', then critical discussion by economists of different approaches to economics, and of variety itself, is required.     

浅析以罗尔斯为代表的契约伦理思想及其对现实的影响

契约是商品经济发展的产物,契约伦理则是与市场经济所构造的契约化社会相适应的社会制度伦理。契约伦理的形成与发展是社会不断进步的产物,它是西方社会一种普遍的社会伦理思想。随着市场经济的发展,人类社会的进步,人们必须深刻理解契约伦理理论的精神,把握其对现实社会的影响,从而实现和谐发展。     

纵观企业理论变迁史

企业是社会经济发展到一定阶段的历史产物,随着时代的变迁和发展,对企业理论的解释也在不断演化,各学派的经济学家对企业的阐述可谓是众说纷纭。亚当·斯密、马克思、马歇尔、科斯和奈特等经济学家都对企业理论的发展起到了至关重要的作用。文章从企业理论发展的时间脉络,梳理出两百多年来出现的一些关键的企业理论,以及笔者对众多企业理论的个人观点,揭示出企业理论由抽象的理想型向现实企业逐步靠近的发展方向。     

YOUR DOG OWNS YOUR HOUSE1

If your dog guards your house, a widely held ethical theory of redistribution would contend that he is entitled to own part of it. Each contribution to a product justifies a claim to a share of it. In fact, the social product is produced by society as a whole and society may distribute it as it sees fit. The article argues that this reasoning is confused and misunderstands the function of contracts of exchange.     

论城市土地储备的理论基础

我国城市土地储备制度仍处于起步与探索阶段,存在的突出问题是实践大大超前于理论研究.文章对与城市土地储备有关的地租理论、土地供求理论、区位理论、资源配置与市场失灵理论、政府管理理论、制度变迁与创新理论等进行了论述,指出了各个理论对我国城市土地储备的具体指导意义.     

Automatic business process analysis and simulation based on DEMO

Enterprise process modelling as a core area of the Enterprises Information Systems (EIS) research has long attracted theoreticians of new concepts, designers of artefacts, and practitioners of modelling. As a result a vast number of modelling methods have been generated. However, each method is challenging because they lack certain aspects. First, these methods view processes as a flowchart, undermining the deep (nested) structure of processes. Second, most of these methods are based on informal or semi-formal representation, failing direct model checking and formal analysis without further translations and mapping procedures. Finally, because the majority of these methods originated from a computing perspective, their focal point is control-flow rather than interaction of social actors. In reality, an enterprise is a complex socio-technical system that includes interaction of technical and social components. In this paper, we discuss an innovative method that will address some of these challenges and provide an improved tool for this purpose. We base our method on the field-proven DEMO theory and methodology, where emphasis is made on the interactions between social actors. The proposed method encompasses a set of graphical notations and constructs based on the Petri nets semantics that allows direct model analysis and simulation.     

METAPHOR OR REIFICATION: ARE RADICAL HUMANISTS REALLY LIBERTARIAN ANARCHISTS?

Metaphors may enlighten our theoretical understanding of affairs, and they may be used to mystify and distort our view of social reality. In a recent series of papers, Gareth Morgan has proposed increasing metaphorical usage, to enrich management and organizational theory. This paper argues that Morgan's advocacy of metaphorical usage is too indiscriminate. By favouring a relativist (rather than a rationalist) theory of knowledge, he invites a proliferation of metaphorical ideology. Morgan's preference for an unbridled metaphorical usage is attributed, in part, to what Edgely (1984) describes as'liberal dogmatism', and also to his neglect of the social processes that generate and disseminate metaphors. The paper uses a variety of previous metaphorical contributions to management thought - cybernetic, psychological, biological, systemic, mechanical, neurological - to argue that, in general, metaphorical usage in organization studies has always been socially partisan, and that Gareth Morgan's proposals will intensify a mode of partisanship that is clearly at variance with his sympathies expressed elsewhere.     

高校寒暑假功能解析及学期制度变革刍议

文章考察了寒暑假的由来,解析了寒暑假的实质和意义,重点阐释了高校寒暑假在休养调整、实践教育、补习提高、拓展服务四个方面的功能,强调高校要充分利用寒暑假,为培养创新型、复合型和应用型人才服务。同时结合高校人才培养实际,探讨了学期和假期制度变革的可能,分析"三学期制"的作用和优势,建议各地要根据实际,在学分制基础上统筹考虑学校教学、科研和社会服务等因素来设计学校假期。     

和谐社会理念的一种解释:集体意识

构建和谐社会的理念具有集体意识的性质。文中从集体意识的含义、特征和形成出发,探讨了作为一种集体意识的和谐社会理念产生的前提、形成机制与对社会现实的反作用。同时强调了对构建和谐社会这种集体意识的正确引导。