危机中创新的四种可持续商业模式

2008年开始的这场经济危机，给世界经济带来沉重打击的同时，也促使一些企业开始了新的、可持续的商业模式的创新与改革。     

The crisis of business intelligence: On the necessity of training reform

One can probably misjudge or misunderstand more critical history-making international events, patterns, and trends than contemporary intelligence analysts have, but it is hard to imagine how. The crisis of intelligence, including business intelligence, is part of the larger crisis of incompetence within the social sciences generally. It is a systemic problem involving, as an internal CIA review says, an inability to think “how the other guy thought,” a chronic failure of imagination and personnel, and flaws in information gathering, training, and analysis. Senator Helms says, “Our foreign policy institutions are a complete mess,” and many congressmen, scholars, and practitioners agree.     

The craft of business intelligence: An American view

Business is war. And in war, it is a matter of survival of the fittest. In order to survive in today's cutthroat business environment, we must be properly armed. And one of the most important arrows in the executive's quiver is accurate knowledge of competitors and their business environment. In other words, detailed knowledge of the enemy and the terrain of the battlefield. Every major country on earth recognizes the importance of intelligence and employs an intelligence agency to collect it for them. Over 2,500 years ago, the Chinese general Sun Tzu wrote: “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.” Frederick the Great also expressed his opinion on the importance of intelligence when he said: “It is pardonable to be defeated, but never surprised.” In today's highly competitive business world it is becoming more and more important to know your competition-know your enemy-and, particularly in the international arena, to know your battlefield. There are minefields out there, and it is imperative to be able to identify and avoid them. You can still lose, even when armed with superior forces, if the terrain is against you. 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

美国危机对中国经济发展的启示

美国次贷危机对美国以及全球经济造成了严重冲击,教训是深刻的,足以对中国日益对外开放的经济敲响警钟.     

美国危机对中国经济发展的启示

美国次贷危机对美国以及全球经济造成了严重冲击,教训是深刻的,足以对中国日益对外开放的经济敲响警钟.     

The movement for reforming American business ethics: A twenty-year perspective

This paper presents a succinct review of the movement for moral genesis in business that arose in the 1970s. The moral genesis movement is characterized by: (a) the rejection of the premise that business and ethics are antagonistic; (b) the rise of the Issues Management approach, which stresses the social responsibility of the corporation: (c) disdain of government regulation as a means of business moralization, and (d) a search for control measures aimed at improving organization moral behavior. This movement now begins to give rise to a new organizational model, the Self-Moralizing Corporation, which transcends existing paradigms of corporate rectitude. The tenets of the Self-Moralizing Corporation are that: (a) the moral behavior of members is a requisite to the attainment of organization goals; (b) individual moral behavior is an asset which must be managed and developed by the corporation; (c) individual moral development is a collectively and individually shared responsibility; and, (d) the maintenance of moral values is more important than the preservation of organization structure.Simcha B. Werner has published in Israeli, British and American professional journals in the areas of government ethics, administrative reform and public enterprise.     

经济危机背景下我国企业创新商业模式的研究

商业模式的创新和其他技术模式的创新一样也会有产生、扩散的过程,是一种不断的进行创新、被模仿、再创新的生命阶段.在目前经济危机的背景下,只有通过商业模式的不断创新,来使我国的企业能够持续的经营和稳步的发展.     

Just how unethical is American business?

This study of reports in the business news between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2005 found that as of 1999, 40 corporations in the Fortune 100 had committed behaviors that can be considered unethical. The behaviors of concern included three types of fraud (accounting, securities, and consumer), discriminatory practices, undisclosed executive pay, antitrust activities, patent infringement, and other violations of the law. Based on the “unacceptability” of the misdeeds committed, this article ranks the 40 firms into three categories. Further, it uses the research on business ethics and the behaviors of executives, boards of directors, and even government officials to suggest why these unethical behaviors were allowed to happen. Finally, it concludes with recommendations for improving business behavior, and suggests important roles for future business leaders and the broader American public.     

A comparison of Japanese and American business negotiations

The determinants of the outcomes of business negotiations in two cultures are investigated in a laboratory experiment. The most important causal factor in Japanese negotiations was found to be the role (i.e., buyer or seller) of the negotiator. Japanese buyers consistently achieved higher bargaining solutions than Japanese sellers. The primary causal factor in negotiations between Americans was the information content of bargaining strategies. Americans to whom bargaining partners gave information more freely achieved higher bargaining solutions.     

Loving my local business as my neighbor: Religiosity's influence on local business support during a crisis

Many local businesses have and are continuing to struggle as a result of the pandemic crisis due in part to reduced consumer spending. However, the motives behind why some consumers are more supportive than others toward local businesses in such a crisis are not adequately understood. We address this gap in the literature through three experimental studies where we examine how the core consumer value of religiosity explains consumer response to the crisis as consumers seek to act in ways that align with their value system. Study 1 (257 adults from MTurk) shows a positive relationship between religiosity and support for local businesses but only during a pandemic. Study 2 (307 adults from MTurk) shows that this relationship is greatest for local (vs. non-local) businesses, and caring for one's neighbors mediates this effect. Finally, Study 3 (200 adults from MTurk) uses advertising to prime focus on one's neighbors, revealing that a neighbors-focused ad increases local business support to similar levels for consumers of all religiosity levels. Findings build on belief congruence theory with implications for marketing practitioners in the current pandemic crisis and other crises of medical, environmental, and other origins.     

Central banking after the Latin American debt crisis

Stabilization and structural reform that has characterized Latin America as of late is based upon an increasing adherence to sound fiscal and monetary policies. The economic deprivation brought on by the debt crisis has served as a powerful impetus behind these developments. The macroeconomic policies leading up to the crisis have been put aside in favor of a legal framework of transparent budgetary practices and an independent central bank. Fraga's article analyzes the recent evolution of the central banks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela.     

The American executive and Colombian violence: Social relatedness and business ethics

Three models of the response of American managers both to the violence of Colombian society and to the demands made by the Colombian narcotrafficker are identified: (1) conflict, (2) compartment, and (3) complementarity. The foundations of the models and their managerial consequences are decribed. Finally, the concepts underlying complementarity lead to social relatedness, both a new model of the business and society relationship and a guide for business ethics.John Barnett, associate professor of business administration at the University of New Hampshire, combines an industrial background as a management consultant and as a venture capitalist with a career as a business educator. He is a certified public accountant and a co-founder of Corroboree, a center for self-learning through service and study.     

What is the American business value system?

The model of free enterprise that has developed in the United States presupposes a value system. The central value is freedom. Next come goods and the means of acquiring them, viz., money and profit. Competition is central. But fairness of transactions is presupposed, and this implies honesty, truthfulness, and general respect for persons. Optimism and faith in the future have been ingredients from the start. Each of these values can be abused, and such abuses characterize the seamy side of capitalism. The Myth of Amoral Business helps undermine the values. Yet the changes American society is demanding of business can be seen as reaffirming the values the system presupposes. The imperative is for business to live up to its own best traditions — a social demand that business can and should meet if it wishes to continue as a system of free enterprise. Richard T. De George is University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Co-Director of the Center for Humanistic Studies at the University of Kansas. He is author or editor of thirteen books, including Ethics and Society; Ethics, Free Enterprise and Public Policy; and Business Ethics.     

The moral legitimacy of intellectual property claims: American business and developing country perspectives

Private property forms the bedrock of the business/society relationship in a market economy. In one way or another most societies limitwhat people can claim as property as well as theextent of claims they can make regarding it. In the international arena today intellectual property rights are a focal point of debate. Many developing countries do not recognize the monopoly claims of patents and copyrights asserted by business as legitimate. This paper reviews contemporary areas of dispute and then presents the tasks facing the construction of a fair intellectual property rights regime.Paul Steidlmeier is Associate Professor of business policy at the State University of New York in Binghamton. He is the author of a number of articles on business and society and of a recent book,People and Profits: The Ethics of Capitalism (Prentice Hall).     

The demise of the American hegemony in international business research has been greatly exaggerated

The drivers for the internationalization of business teaching and research were multinational corporations, the Cold War, and the relative price advantage of non-America business schools. Yet, the internationalization largely failed to reflect local contexts. The consequent paucity of original local business thought, international or not, exposes non-American business schools to the raid of American-based massive open online courses which will prune off the mainstay courses at emerging market business schools. Deprived of a substantial share of their fee-paying students, the remaining docents at those schools will be less likely to publish altogether, including in fields that might sustain independent thought. Therefore, American-like international business research is likely to have a longer life, more narrowly focused on English-speaking countries and Europe, with even less of a contribution from emerging markets.