科技型企业的虚拟股权激励研究——以CL公司为例

在上市公司将股权激励作为员工激励的一种常见手段时,非上市公司同样也有对员工进行长期激励的需求,虚拟股权激励这种方式克服了非上市公司股权不具备外部市场流通性的特性,为企业提供了股权激励思路。文章以CL公司为例,研究了虚拟股权激励的方案和完成情况,分析实施虚拟股权激励对企业绩效的影响。     

上市公司股权激励问题及对策研究

目前股权激励在国内越来越受重视,股权激励在上市公司中所起的作用日益增强。我国上市公司发展迅速,相对于非上市公司,它有着更灵活更有效的激励方式,因此上市公司在实行股权激励之前,应当充分了解上市公司实行股权激励所处的环境。本文通过上市公司实施股权激励过程中存在的几个典型问题进行分析,并针对存在的问题给出应对策略,使我国上市公司能充分利用股权激励来有效的实现企业的长期效益,不断促进其发展。     

关于非上市公司股权激励策略的研究

作为一种有效的绩效激励手段,股权激励机制的相关研究开始升温,并被越来越多的企业所采用。但这些多是针对上市公司,非上市公司的案例很少。针对此种情况,笔者将非上市公司的股权激励选作本文的研究对象,文章首先简要概述了股权激励,探析了非上市公司股权激励的特点、方式,然后依据不同的特点将非上市公司分为不准备上市的公司和准备上市的公司,最后就其各自的不同设计了相应的股权激励措施。     

非上市股份有限公司实施股权激励的障碍及对策研究

目前中国的大多数股份有限公司为非上市公司,并且在短期内无法完成上市.如何在非上市公司内有效地进行股权激励具有较大的现实意义.本文以股权激励的理论为基础,分析其关键要素从而得出非上市公司在实施股权激励时的现实障碍并试探性地给出对策.     

创新投入中介视角下的股权激励与财务绩效——基于科技型与非科技型企业的对比研究

文章以创新投入的中介效应视角切入,分别以科技型和非科技型上市公司为对象,探究股权激励四维度(激励广度、激励深度、核心技术人员激励、高管人员激励)对财务绩效的影响.结果表明:在科技型上市公司中,股权激励四维度均可显著促进财务绩效;除高管股权激励外,激励广度、激励深度和核心技术人员激励均借助创新投入的部分中介效应;在非科技型上市公司中,唯有股权激励范围的扩大可促进财务绩效增长,创新投入在股权激励四维度与财务绩效间未发挥显著的中介效应.     

股权激励对上市公司非效率投资影响研究

文章选取2011—2015年沪、深两市A股上市公司作为研究样本,实证检验了股权激励对上市公司非效率投资的影响,并比较了限制性股票和股票期权的不同效果,同时考虑到国有上市公司的特殊性,结合股权性质检验了股权激励对国有上市公司和非国有上市公司影响的不同。研究表明,股权激励能够有效缓解上市公司所有者与管理层间的委托代理问题,抑制上市公司的过度投资和投资不足,限制性股票激励的效果要优于股票期权激励,且这种效果在非国有上市公司中更加显著。     

股权激励契约设计与公司业绩关系研究

以委托代理理论为基础,本文选取2006-2011年实施股权激励的上市公司为研究样本,对上市公司股权激励契约中包含的激励强度、激励模式、激励有效期三项内容与公司业绩关系进行检验。研究结果表明:股权激励强度与公司业绩正相关;较弱证据支持非业绩股票模式比业绩股票模式更能提升公司业绩;股权激励有效期与公司业绩不存在相关关系。     

股权激励对现金股利分配政策影响的实证研究

文章以《上市公司股权激励管理办法》颁布后的2006年1月1日至2012年12月31日沪深两市公告股权激励计划的上市公司为对象,通过理论和实证分析,研究了股权激励与现金股利分配政策之间的关系。结果表明,上市公司股权激励计划的实施对现金股利的支付水平有正向影响。从股权激励计划公告的前一年起,股权激励公司的现金股利支付水平开始明显升高。虽然之后有小幅波动,但相较之前仍有很大幅度的上升。管理层在成为真正意义上的股东之前,通过采取高现金股利支付政策,尽可能的降低了行权价格,为将来获得非努力性股权激励收益做好了准备。     

陕西省上市公司股权激励影响因素研究

目前,许多上市公司在进行股权激励时总遇到外部环境、内在因素和实际操作中的一些障碍,研究上市公司股权激励的影响因素将有助于解决这些问题,提高公司的治理效率,提升公司业绩。这里介绍陕西省上市公司股权激励实施的现状后,对股权激励实施的影响因素进行实证分析,探究影响上市公司股权激励实施的实质,以期提高公司经营管理的效率,为股权激励制度在我国的广泛应用提供一些有效建议。     

所有权结构、股权激励与非效率投资——基于京津冀上市公司数据的分析

以京津冀上市公司2006—2015年的数据为样本,实证分析所有权结构、股权激励对非效率投资的影响。研究发现,在样本公司里,股权激励机制的实施频率并不高,但股权激励的实施对非效率投资的发生确实起到了约束效果。代表所有权结构的股权集中度、机构投资者持股占比和管理层持股比例三个因素,虽然各自对非效率投资起到的作用不尽相同,但整体来看,有效合理的比例分配有助于改善上市公司非效率投资问题。另外,所有权结构中不同身份的股东对公司股权激励实施与否的影响也有所不同,其中管理层更支持该激励机制的实施     

上市公司股权激励模式对基金管理公司实施员工激励的启示

上市公司是实施股权激励的最理想场所。通过分析股票在上市公司股权激励中的作用,对比基金与股票的异同,认为基金管理公司可借鉴上市公司股权激励模式并以基金代替股票为媒介进行员工激励。     

Mining semantic features in current reports for financial distress prediction: Empirical evidence from unlisted public firms in China

It is difficult to predict the financial distress of unlisted public firms due to their longer disclosure cycle of accounting information and more inadequate continuity of market trading information compared to listed firms. In this paper, we propose a framework to predict the financial distress of unlisted public firms using current reports. Specifically, to better represent the meaning of current report texts, we propose a semantic feature extraction method based on a word embedding technology. Empirical results show that current reports contain more effective information for predicting the financial distress of unlisted public firms compared with periodic reports. In addition, semantic features extracted using our proposed method significantly improve the predictive performance, and their enhancing effect is superior to that of topic features and sentiment features. Our study also provides implications for stakeholders such as investors and creditors.     

Macroeconomic Measures of 'Sustainability'

This paper reviews the policy need for indicators of 'sustainable development', and the impetus behind recent moves to establish official indicators. The range of indicators available from current economic theory is then examined. These measures may be divided into those based on flows and those based on stocks. Flow-based measures are essentially attempts to adjust Net National Product to transform it into an indicator of sustainability. Stock-based measures revolve around the concept of the natural and man-made capital stocks. We also consider the idea of Safe Minimum Standards as a sustainability indicator. The paper concludes that no currently-available single measure of sustainability is likely to be adequate.     

市场势力对银行效率影响分析——来自我国商业银行的经验数据

运用我国14家上市和50家未上市商业银行2000~2009年的数据探讨商业银行市场势力对效率的影响。分别测量我国商业银行的市场势力、成本效率以及利润效率,结果发现与未上市商业银行相比,上市商业银行具有较高的市场势力和利润效率以及较低的成本效率。同时分别建立线性模型和非线性模型分析市场势力对效率的影响,结果发现在我国特殊金融环境下,商业银行市场势力与成本效率或利润效率之间均为线性关系;提高商业银行的市场势力,会导致其成本效率显著下降和利润效率显著提升;在所有显著的变量中,信用风险对成本效率和利润效率的影响都是最大的。     

Valuing unlisted shares: A dual approach to the major information determinants

Little is known about how professional valuation experts actually form judgements on the value of unlisted shares. This study examines the valuation process among Canadian valuators and the relative importance of each of the main information variables used in that process. A dual approach to the problem is adopted: (1) a major survey of 231 valuation experts and (2) a conjoint analysis experiment on 82 valuators using fabricated cases representative of realistic relationships. Both approaches conclude that while earnings prospects is the single most important factor in determining unlisted share values, the determination of value in the absence of a capital market is a highly complex process involving a host of information variables, many of which do not easily lend themselves to objective judgement.     

Corporate entrepreneurship and acquisitions: creating firm wealth

Acquisition is one way entrepreneurial firms have to capture the assets needed to achieve their strategic objectives. We investigate shareholder value creation of Spanish listed firms in response to announcements of acquisitions over the period 1991–2006. Similar to foreign markets, bidders earn insignificant average abnormal returns regardless of the pricing model used in the estimation procedure. When we relate these results to company and transaction characteristics our evidence suggests that the listing status of the target firm is a critical key in the strategic decision to acquire a company. This listing status effect is mainly associated with the fact that unlisted firms tend to be smaller and lesser–known firms, and thus suffer from a lack of competition in the market for corporate control. Consequently, the payment of lower premiums and the possibility of diversifying shareholders’ portfolios lead to unlisted firm acquisitions being viewed as value–orientated transactions which have major implications for managers.     

Private Equity Investments and Disclosure Policy

In the current study, we dynamically analyze unlisted firms' voluntary disclosure decisions around private equity (PE) participation. First, we disentangle the role of disclosure in attracting PE investments. In addition, we examine the extent to which a firm's disclosure policy is affected by the changing corporate setting and intensified corporate governance after having received PE. We find no evidence that firms would employ increased disclosure to signal their quality in the years preceding the PE financing. However, we document a significant switch to increased financial disclosure from the PE investment year onwards, consistent with the hypothesis that PE investor presence positively affects portfolio firms' disclosure decisions. Further, we show that the proportional PE ownership stake is positively related to increased disclosure, but only at very high ownership levels. We explain these results in that both internal and external information demands call for higher public disclosure in PE firms. We conclude that the changing information environment resulting from a PE investment stimulates increased public financial disclosure. Our results contribute to illustrate how an indisputable change in governance resulting from a PE investment affects inter-temporal corporate disclosure decisions in unlisted firms.     

Environmental performance and bank lending: Evidence from unlisted firms

Growing public concerns about sustainability and adopting environmentally responsible practices increase risks as well as opportunities for firms and banks. It is unclear whether being environmentally responsible matters for unlisted firms, which are significant contributors to the degradation of the environment but which are not under strict scrutiny like public listed firms. Using a sample of 3915 firms from developing economies, we investigate whether the superior environmental performance of unlisted firms leads them to better loan conditions. After controlling for endogeneity and sample selection bias, we find that firms with better environmental performance received approximately 6.4% higher loans (as a ratio of total sales) and that this effect is more prominent in small and medium firms. This finding supports an information asymmetry view of agency costs. Our results, however, show that environmental performance does not affect loan duration and collateral requirement, indicating no spillover economic effect of corporate environmental performance on loan conditions. This partially supports a new perspective of legitimacy theory in relation to the ‘greenwash strategy’. Overall, our study shows that strategically engaged environmental activities that are integrated with core business objectives represent an important business strategy for firms to enhance credit access.     

Voluntary Corporate Disclosure by Swedish Companies

Sweden is of interest because of the rapid growth in the Stockholm Stock Exchange and because of the country's disproportionate number of multi-national enterprises. This paper reports on the extent of voluntary disclosure in the corporate annual reports of unlisted and listed Swedish companies. A wide-ranging definition of voluntary disclosure is adopted because of the flexibility of approach accepted in Sweden. This should not be construed that Swedish accounting is largely unregulated, rather it reflects a problem of interpretation of what constitutes generally accepted accounting principles in Sweden. In addition, the paper assesses whether there is a significant association between a number of independent variables and the extent of disclosure.     

Labor unions and productivity: An empirical analysis using Japanese firm-level data

This paper empirically analyzes the relationship between labor union and firm performance in areas such as productivity and profitability by using data on more than 4000 Japanese firms, ranging from listed large firms to unlisted SMEs, in both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sector. The presence of labor unions has statistically and economically significant positive effects on firm productivity. Unions' effects on wages are also positive, their magnitude being slightly larger than those on productivity. The decrease in the number of employees is greater at unionized firms than at non-unionized firms. The difference in employment growth is mainly attributable to the change in the number of part-time workers. In order to enhance productivity, close cooperation between management and unions is essential.