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1.
This article draws on the results of a qualitative, exploratory study of 20 Australian women business owners to demonstrate
how using a ‹gender as social identity’ lens provides new insights into the influence of gender on exporting and entrepreneurial
behaviour. Interview data reveal perceptions of gender identity and gender relations varied and influenced the interpretations
which women business owners placed on their exporting activities. Women in the study used different terms to describe exporter
and entrepreneurial characteristics to those found in extant literature. A strong theme was exporting as a life-changing experience
that allowed the women to grow personally as well as grow the business and succeed as exporters. 相似文献
2.
Karin Helen Garrety 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(1):93-106
This article explores the normative assumptions about the self that are implicitly and explicitly embedded in critiques of
organisational control. Two problematic aspects of control are examined – the capacity of some organisations to produce unquestioning
commitment, and the elicitation of ‹false’ selves. Drawing on the work of Rom Harré, and some examples of organisational-self
processes gone awry, I investigate the dynamics involved and how they violate the normative expectations that we hold regarding
the self, particularly its moral autonomy and authenticity. The article concludes by arguing that, despite post-structuralist
challenges, some notion of a ‹core’ or ‹real’ self still holds salience for employees negotiating their identities within
regimes of control. The assumptions and expectations surrounding this aspect of self are also a pivotal element in the western
intellectual tradition that promotes and enables critique. 相似文献
3.
Eve Poole 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(4):577-588
The jury remains out about the bottom-line relevance of organisational spirituality. This article reviews the arguments made
thus far, using those sources most commonly cited as providing ‹evidence’ that organisational spirituality adds value to the
bottom line. Having collated the evidence, this article offers some observation about the robustness of this existing ‹business
case’. It then offers some preliminary conclusions on the literature review, examining the merits of pursuing a ‹business
case’ in this field and identifying some specific questions for future research. 相似文献
4.
This study was designed to examine the prevalence of a code of ethics and to analyze its content among public relations agencies
in the United States. Of the 1,562 public relations agencies reviewed, 605 (38.7%) provided an ethical statement. Among the
ethical statements provided by these public relations agencies, ‹respect to clients,’ ‹service,’ ‹strategic,’ and ‹results’
were the values most frequently emphasized. On the other hand, ‹balance,’ ‹fairness,’ ‹honor,’ ‹social responsibility,’ and
‹independence’ were the least frequently mentioned in the ethical codes. Also, none of the sampled agencies included any sanctions
regarding enforcement of their particular codes of ethics. 相似文献
5.
Jeff Hearn Marjut Jyrkinen Rebecca Piekkari Eeva Oinonen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):41-54
This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and
the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on
40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland,
we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type
relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited
by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.
相似文献
Eeva OinonenEmail: |
6.
Rüdiger Hahn 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(3):313-324
The first United Nations Millennium Development Goal calls for a distinct reduction of worldwide poverty. It is now widely
accepted that the private sector is a crucial partner in achieving this ambitious target. Building on this insight, the ‹Bottom
of the Pyramid’ concept provides a framework that highlights the untapped opportunities with the ‹poorest of the poor’, while
at the same time acknowledging the abilities and resources of private enterprises for poverty alleviation. This article connects
the idea of business with the poor to sustainable development and especially to the notions of inter- and intragenerational
justice. These principles of justice can be linked with the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ approach directly through the Rawlsian
principles to foster holistic thinking. On this basis, the article offers a normative-ethical reasoning of corporations’ possible
responsibilities for the poorest of the poor. Today’s state of worldwide inequalities is likely to generate future tensions
between the privileged western world and the uncounted mass of poor (let alone the ethical dubiousness of this status). However,
it is at the same time problematic if not even impossible to improve the situation of the poor by simply copying the resource
intensive western way of living to the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ due to the limited carrying capacity of the earth. After highlighting
possible moral dilemmas which may occur through such a potential trade off, this article concludes with an outlook on how
the concepts ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ and sustainable development could be combined. 相似文献
7.
Approaches to business ethics can be roughly divided into two streams: ‹codes of behavior’ and ‹forms of subjectification’,
with code-oriented approaches clearly dominating the field. Through an elaboration of poststructuralist approaches to moral
philosophy, this paper questions the emphasis on codes of behaviour and, thus, the conceptions of the moral and responsible
subject that are inherent in rule-based approaches. As a consequence of this critique, the concept of a practice-based ‹ethics
of responsiveness’ in which ethics is never final but rather always ‹to come’, is investigated. In such an approach the ethical
self is understood as being continuously constituted within power/knowledge relations. Following this line, we ask how one
can become a responsible subject while also acknowledging certain limits of full responsibility. We thereby explore responsibility
as a considered but unconditional openness in response to the other. 相似文献
8.
Beverly Dawn Metcalfe 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):85-100
This paper provides new theoretical insights into the interconnections and relationships between women, management and globalization
in the Middle East (ME). The discussion is positioned within broader globalization debates about women’s social status in
ME economies. Based on case study evidence and the UN datasets, the article critiques social, cultural and economic reasons
for women’s limited advancement in the public sphere. These include the prevalence of the patriarchal work contract within
public and private institutions, as well as cultural and ethical values which create strongly defined gender roles. The discussion
examines the complexities of conceptualizing women’s equality and empowerment in Islamic states. The paper reveals that there
have been significant achievements in advancing women in leadership and political roles, but that there are still institutional
and cultural barriers embedded in business systems. Linking feminist, development and management theoretical strands a development
framework is proposed which is sensitive to the Islamic Shar’ia encompassing government, organization and individual level
strategies. It is suggested that scholars should integrate literatures from gender and management, development and Middle
East studies, and in particular that critical scholars of gender and organization should consider the interrelations of the
national and transnational in critiques of contemporary global capitalism to understand the complexity of women and social
change in the ME. 相似文献
9.
This article contributes to the current debate regarding management education and research. It frames the current business
school critique as a paradox regarding the arguments for ‘self-interest’ versus ‘altruism’ as human motives. Based on this,
a typology of management with four representative types labeled: unguided, altruistic, egoistic, and righteous is developed.
It is proposed that the path to the future of management education and research might be found by relegitimizing the ‘altruistic’
spirit of the classics of the great Axial Age (900-200 BCE) and marrying those ideas with the self-interest ideal of mainstream
management theories based on economics. By advocating this, a business school agenda that is simultaneously rigorous, relevant,
and righteous is promoted. 相似文献
10.
This study investigates the ethical climate types presented in the Korean tourism industry, the differences in the perceptions
of these ethical climate types based on individual/organizational characteristics, and the influence of ethical climate types
based on job satisfaction/organizational commitment. Empirical findings of this study identify six ethical climate types and
demonstrate significant difference and significant influence of the proposed relationships. This research contributes to the
existing body of academic work by using empirical data collected from 820 respondents across 14 companies within the Korean
tourism industry, to demonstrate the relationship between actual ethical climate types and ethical climate related factors.
The findings of this study identify the new factor ‹moral caring,’ which describes an environment characterized by decisions
that maximize collective interest, but based on an individual employee’s personal values and ethics. Such a factor has important
implications for the service industry, where face-to-face encounters typify the relationship between employee and consumer. 相似文献
11.
Betty Yung 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(1):45-57
The common discourse on intellectual property rights rests mainly on utilitarian ground, with implications on the question
of justice as well as moral significance. It runs like this: Intellectual property rights are to reward the originators for
his/her intellectual labour mainly in monetary terms, thereby providing incentives for originators to engage in future innovative
labouring. Without such incentives, few, if not none, will engage in creative activities and the whole human community will,
thereby, suffer because of reduced inventions. However, such utilitarian argument on piracy as de-motivation may not be necessarily
justified. In fact, intellectual property arrangement is one among different institutions concerning how the society may handle
new ideas and creative works. In reality, private ownership over one’s intellectual product is merely a modern western concept
that is being ‹advertised’ as being normative, which, by itself, is highly debatable. Alarming still, such normative argument
assumes both justness and moral dimensions. This article will analyse whether such argument is philosophically sound. 相似文献
12.
Many transnational corporations and international organizations have embraced corporate social responsibility (CSR) to address
criticisms of working and environmental conditions at subcontractors’ factories. While CSR ‹codes of conduct’ are easy to
draft, supplier compliance has been elusive. Even third-party monitoring has proven an incomplete solution. This article proposes
that an alteration in the supply chain’s governance, from an arms-length market model to a collaborative partnership, often
will be necessary to effectuate CSR. The market model forces contractors to focus on price and delivery as they compete for
the lead firm’s business, rendering CSR observance secondary, at best. A collaborative partnership where the lead firm gives
select suppliers secure product orders and other benefits removes disincentives and adds incentives for CSR compliance. In
time, the suppliers’ CSR habit should shift their business philosophy toward pursuing CSR as an end in itself, regardless
of buyer incentives and monitoring. This article examines these hypotheses in the context of the athletic footwear sector
with Nike, Inc. and its suppliers as the specific case study. The data collected and conclusions reached offer strategies
for advancing CSR beyond the superficial and often ineffectual ‹code of conduct’ stage. 相似文献
13.
Michael Buckley 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(4):821-834
Technological advances in media communications have raised questions about the appropriateness of media ownership rules for
traditional TV and radio broadcast. This article contributes to this debate by defending a set of principles that ought to
govern the distribution of broadcast spectrum. In particular, it defends principles reflecting the ‹public interest’ constraint
currently informing broadcast media ownership rules, and argues against a free-market procedure for distributing spectrum
use. The argument relies upon the application of a political constructivist approach typical to many political theories. In
applying this approach, the author illustrates the strengths and weakness of constructivism and in the process provide an
example for how constructivism can be applied to other subjects. As a result, the article has two aims. First, it defends
a set of broadcast ownership principles. Second, it provides a model for how philosophers might apply constructivism to other
subjects. 相似文献
14.
An Essay on the Origins of Entrepreneurial Opportunity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, we apply a process of logical inference to draw conclusions about the origins of entrepreneurial opportunity
from existing conversations in the field of strategic management. We equate the execution of a competitive strategy – as described
in the strategic management literature – to the exploitation of an entrepreneurial opportunity – as described in the entrepreneurship
literature. Given this assumption, we survey five extant theories of strategy in an attempt to categorize and describe the
circumstances that define how and with what consequence entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation results in future opportunity.
Given this review, we characterize the `outcomes’ of strategy execution as a function of the ‹match’ between strategy and
environment in an effort to extend and refine Holcombe’s [Holcombe, Randall, 2003, Review of Austrian Economics
16(1), 25–43] position that entrepreneurial opportunity is born of prior entrepreneurial action.
‘Let your hook always be cast; in the pool where you least expect it, there will be a fish.’ Ovid, A.D. 17相似文献
15.
In recent years there have been ever-growing concerns regarding environmental decline, causing some companies to focus on
the implementation of environmentally friendly supply, production and distribution systems. Such concern may stem either from
the set of beliefs and values of the company’s management or from certain pressure exerted by the market – consumers and institutions
– in the belief that an environmentally respectful management policy will contribute to the transmission of a positive image
of the company and its products. Sometimes, however, ethics and market rules are not enough to deal with this situation and
specific laws must be considered. This is the case when companies base their activity on the ‹ethics of self-interest’ concentrating
their efforts on projecting an adequate image – e.g. environmental respect – rather than fundamentally behaving in environmentally
respectful ways. This article, taking as reference the SME context, discusses the reasons for implementing environmentally
friendly systems. Both ethics and business seem to be relevant and, therefore, a certain balance between market and interventionism
seems to be necessary. 相似文献
16.
Firms are spending billions annually in the name of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Whilst markets are increasingly
willing to reward good and responsible firms, they lack the instruments to measure corporate social performance (CSP). To
convince investors and other stakeholders, firms invest heavily in building a reputation for good corporate behaviour. This
article argues that reputations for CSP are often unrepresentative of true CSP and investigates how differences in ‹perceived’
and ‹actual’ – as measured by the Fortune and KLD databases, respectively – can partly be explained by firm characteristics.
Amongst other things, it finds that overrated firms are more likely to be relatively big, profitable, operating in non-polluting
but competitive industries and with no history of wrong doings to their primary stakeholders. They will also typically spend
a lot of effort satisfying the claims of their secondary stakeholders. Above all, the results emphasise the need for researchers
to recognise that the databases measure different phenomenon and are not interchangeable. 相似文献
17.
The pharmaceutical sector, an industry already facing stiff challenges in the form of intensified competition and strategic
consolidation, has increasingly become subject to a range of pressures. Crucially, in common with other large-scale businesses,
pharmaceutical firms find themselves ‹invited’ to respond positively to the corporate ‹social’ responsibility (CSR) expectations
of their stakeholders. Consequently, individual managers will almost certainly be obliged to engage in some form of stakeholder
dialogue and this, in turn, means that they will have to make difficult choices about which practices to adopt. This real-world
management predicament runs parallel to an academic interest in CSR stakeholder dialogue theory and models. Accordingly, the
approach of this paper is to focus primarily on the academic debate surrounding stakeholder dialogue, by reviewing past attempts
to research and theorise the subject, by identifying gaps and weaknesses in the literature, and by proposing a new analytical
model. The central aim of the proposed new model is to offer a unified, structured, systematic, and comprehensive approach
to CSR decision making whilst simultaneously providing a practical framework for CSR executives who face the challenge of
responding in an effective manner to stakeholders. The model outlined here is currently being employed to conduct international
comparative empirical research into stakeholder dialogue practices amongst UK and German pharmaceutical firms. In the longer
term the intention is to use the model to undertake international comparative research encompassing a broader range of countries
and industries. 相似文献
18.
In March 2003, President Bush declared the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the anticipated commencement of intensive American-led military operations in Iraq. With this declaration, the media began
intense coverage of military operations from the field. For the first time, viewers were able to see images of actual events.
This was due to three developments: the advancement of technology allowing immediate transmission of text and images, the
actual presence of journalists identified as “embedded journalists” at military sites, and the fierce competition among networks
for viewers. One result of this constant coverage was significant pressure on decision makers within the television and cable
news networks to decide within a matter of seconds which images to air. In particular, producers and broadcasters of competing
networks experienced this pressure. Though the radio and broadcasting industry has a published code of standards, it is “general
and advisory rather than specific and restrictive.” Therefore, it did not address the unique time sensitive decision-making
required within this new environment. Issues such as the security of soldiers, confidentiality of troop maneuvers, and the
safety of the embedded journalists were critically important. Equally serious were the concerns about the impact of the immediate
airing of information and violent images to the public. This research used Patrick Primeaux’s ‹mind–heart–soul’ model of decision-making
as its theoretical framework. The study investigated the gender and industry experience of selected professionals in a cable
news network, MSNBC, to explore how ethical codes of behavior are integrated when people make decisions. Decision-making in
both their professional and personal lives was examined. It is from this perspective that their professional decisions to
air/not to air material from Operation Iraqi Freedom were studied. The findings on decisions about airing/not airing material from Operation Iraqi Freedom yielded both expected and unexpected results. There was no clear gender difference regarding ethical decision-making, but
there was a difference when analyzed by industry experience. When the study focused on questions regarding the respondents’
personal lives, the original hypothesis that there was a gender difference was validated. 相似文献
19.
Esther Roca 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(3):607-620
This article echoes those voices that demand new approaches and ‹senses’ for management education and business programs. Much
of the article is focused on showing that the polemic about the educative model of business schools has moral and epistemological
foundations and opens up the debate over the type of knowledge that practitioners need to possess in order to manage organizations,
and how this knowledge can be taught in management programs. The article attempts to highlight the moral dimension of management
through a reinterpretation of the Aristotelian concept of practical wisdom. I defend the ideas that management is never morally
neutral and that Aristotelian practical wisdom allows the recovery of moral considerations in management practice. I analyze
the impact and implications that the introduction of practical wisdom in business schools entails for the conception and objectives
of management education. This view reconfigures management education in terms of attention to values, virtues and context.
Therefore, management programmes should prepare students to critically evaluate what they hear and to make decisions coherent
with their values and virtues. In the final section, I reflect on the pedagogical implications of this approach. I point out
that an integrated model of ethics and practical wisdom promotes education of cognition and education of affect as well. I
provide an example to illustrate my perspective and to support my conclusions. 相似文献
20.
Andrea Werner 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(2):449-462
This paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study to understand how active adherence to the Christian faith influences
the way SME owner–managers conceptualise their business practices. The study was based on in-depth interviews with 21 Christian
SME owner–managers in Germany and the UK. Using a socio-psychological approach, the data analysis yielded a range of linguistic
and conceptual resources that are peculiar to Christian discourse and that have the potential to influence business activity
in rather distinctive ways. This paper particularly focuses on those Christian concepts that could be regarded as distinct
‹frames’ for action. It outlines what effect these concepts had on the respondents and how they were related to business practices.
The paper also discusses how this study could inform further research into the influence of other socio-cultural forms of
identity on economic actors’ conceptualisations of their own practice. 相似文献