环首都经济圈土地资源经济评价

选择环首都经济圈为研究对象,基于土地生产率、土地利用程度、土地投入强度和土地集约效率四个子系统选取构建经济评价指标体系,借助SPSS软件,采用因子分析法分别计算了土地生产率、土地利用程度、土地投入强度和土地集约效率。根据评价结果,从四个方面分别阐述土地经济评价的区域差异及原因,以期能更好的为区域土地资源可持续利用提供参考。     

澳大利亚勘探业长期发展趋势及未来展望

报告包括三个主要议题 :一是勘探活动的现状。详细论述澳大利亚以及其他国家勘探支出的最新趋势 ,主要论述黄金和贱金属矿勘探支出的最新情况。二是分析探矿业面临的挑战和问题。特别阐述探矿业“如不钻探就不能发现新矿床”的问题。最后 ,讨论探矿业的未来发展方向。作者认为勘探业正面临着结构上的变化 ,为了生存并需要逐渐完善。     

The environmental and economic costs of sprawling parking lots in the United States

Urban sprawl is considered by most environmental scientists and urban planners to be a serious environmental problem. However, public perception about parking availability often forces planning offices to recommend parking lot sizes that exceed daily demands. The recent trend of increasing the size of stores, churches and even schools comes with increasing the size of parking lots that service these buildings. The objective of this paper is to analyze space allocation of parking lots in a typical midwestern county and to estimate the supply of parking spaces to potential demand. We also estimate the loss of ecosystem services represented by the area of parking lots in this county. We found that parking lots cover 5.65 km² (1 397 acres) of Tippecanoe County, Indiana which implies that 0.44% of the county area is devoted to parking lots. Our results show that there are approximately 2.2 parking spaces per registered vehicle, that parking lots make up more than 6.57% of the total urban footprint in this county, that the area of parking lots exceeded the area of parks in the city limits by a factor of three and that parking lot runoff and pollutants are significant compared to runoff and pollutants from these areas prior to their conversion to parking lots. As other authors have done before us we lament the poor use of land in urban regions of the United States, and encourage planners to think creatively about the use of land for parking.     

基于城市中心性评价的淮海经济核心区一体化建设路径探讨

构建城市中心性的评价指标体系,运用熵值法对淮海经济核心区城市的中心性进行评价,结果表明：核心区8个城市中徐州、济宁的中心性强,但与其他各市的差异并不显著,区域处于相对低水平的均衡发展状态,缺乏综合实力较强的中心城市的带动作用。基于此,结合核心区一体化的实践探索,从中心带动、市场机制、产业协作、区域规划、城乡统筹、设施共建、科技发展、环境保护以及生态建设等方面提出核心区一体化的建设路径。     

皖江经济带城市体系结构分形研究

城市体系结构包括两个方面，即规模结构和空间结构及其演变；利用分形理论研究皖江经济带城市体系结构现状特征，初步认为该区域两个特征：一是人口分布低水平均衡，二是体系内部空间关联性弱；对皖江经济带城市体系结构存在的问题进行了探讨并运用GIS工具分析了该区域潜在生长极；针对存在问题提出几点对策。     

Quantifying the multifunctionality of fjord and mountain agriculture by means of sociocultural and economic valuation of ecosystem services

The objective of this study was to define the value of the main market and nonmarket functions of fjord and mountain agroecosystems in Nordic countries by means of the ecosystem services framework. First, we used qualitative methods (interviews of farmers and other stakeholders in the area of study) to identify sociocultural perceptions of multifunctional agriculture. Next, we used survey-based stated-preference methods to rank and value in economic terms the most important functions (corresponding to the four types of ecosystem services) according to the local (residents of the study area) and the general (residents of a nearby area) populations. The sociocultural perceptions of multifunctionality among local stakeholders were similar, but differences in the relative importance of the functions reflected particular interests (agriculture compared with tourism). Both the local and the general populations attached great importance to the production and availability of quality foods. The general population showed very homogeneous preferences among ecosystem services, but local people rated them very differently. Local people ranked a more agricultural landscape very high. The total economic value of fjord and mountain agroecosystem was 850 € per person per year. The willingness to pay for the provision of ecosystem services under a policy scenario of further development of multifunctional agriculture clearly exceeded the current level of public support. The welfare loss that society would experience in a scenario of further abandonment of agriculture was even greater. We discuss the establishment of payments for ecosystem services for addressing the undersupply of nonmarket functions of agriculture.     

湖南省永顺县新华小流域综合治理初探

分析了湖南省永顺县新华小流域综合治理现状,经过对治理效益评价分析,得出了小流域综合治理是目前治理水土流失的一种较好方法的结论,对小流域综合治理的优缺点进行了探讨。     

泸水县50农户退耕还林社会经济效益调查监测

以滇西北泸水县的50户农户为例,论述农户退耕还林社会经济效益调查监测方法、监测指标以及50户农户调查监测结果。     

An assessment of the economic and environmental potential of biomass production in an agricultural region

The establishment of deep-rooted perennial species and their processing for biomass-based products such as renewable energy can have benefits for both local and global scale environmental objectives. In this study, we assess the potential economic viability of biomass production in the South Australian River Murray Corridor and quantify the resultant benefits for local and global scale environmental objectives. We model the spatial distribution of economically viable biomass production in a Geographic Information System and quantify the model sensitivity and uncertainty using Monte Carlo analysis. The total potentially viable area for biomass production under the Most Likely Scenario is 360,728 ha (57.7% of the dryland agricultural area), producing over 3 million tonnes of green biomass per annum, with a total Net Present Value over 100 years of A$ 88 million. The salinity in the River Murray could be reduced by 2.65 EC (μS/cm) over a 100-year timeframe, and over 96,000 ha of land with high wind erosion potential could be stabilised over a much shorter period. With sufficient generating capacity, our Most Likely Scenario suggests that economically viable biomass production could reduce carbon emissions by over 1.7 million tonnes per annum through the production of renewable energy and a reduced reliance on coal-based electricity generation. Our analyses suggest that biomass production is a potentially viable alternative agricultural system that can have substantial local scale environmental benefits with complimentary global scale benefits for climate change mitigation.     

Rethinking the Land: The Development of Inland Saline Aquaculture in Western Australia

Inland saline aquaculture may offer an opportunity for income diversification and a potentially productive use of land that can no longer support traditional agriculture in salt-affected parts of inland Australia. Interest in inland saline aquaculture is increasing in Western Australia, however, production and investment levels are characteristically low. Inland saline aquaculture presents a continuum of production and investment options for landholders and investors, from being a small-scale, hobby-like remedial use of salinised farmland to a novel and legitimate agricultural industry. Successful progress toward the latter depends on a number of factors: appropriate production technology; identification and establishment of sustainable markets; establishment of environmentally sustainable production systems; and industry management. We use preliminary data from finfish aquaculture in inland Western Australia to consider why industry success requires concurrent development across all these fields.     

Emotional and satisfaction benefits to visitors as explanatory factors in the monetary valuation of environmental goods. An application to periurban green spaces

Over the last few decades, especially in urban areas, there has been a revival of the notion of quality of life in connection with periurban green spaces, the presence of which is thought to improve emotional well-being. This paper aims to determine how far the monetary valuation of this environmental resource is influenced by aspects relating to users’ emotional experience and satisfaction. The contingent valuation method is used to estimate monetary valuation and structural equation models allow examination of the relationships between visitor attitude and behaviour variables. The study focuses on two periurban green spaces in Spain and the data are obtained by means of face-to-face, in situ surveys of visitors. The findings support the relationship between visitor attitudes and the monetary valuation of this environmental good, revealing the need to advance further in exploring the potential of such natural resources to enhance urban social well-being.     

Applying economic sociology to understand the meaning of “Quality” in food markets

This article reviews the concept of the “market” and questions the standard view of the “market” developed by orthodox economic theory. The article highlights how Economic Sociology and Convention Theory is more useful in understanding markets and appreciating markets as social constructs, which are governed by institutions and social orders. This adjustment in the analytical framework to study markets and especially food markets, is useful in unpacking the various dimensions of “quality” in food products and illustrating that “quality” is an institution that is shaped by society and by culture.     

武汉在长江中游武汉经济圈中的地位和作用

分析了武汉经济圈的范围、自然条件、城镇体系和经济发展概况等;分别从农业、工业和第三产业等方面阐述了武汉市在整个区域中的中心地位,提出了发挥武汉中心城市功能的指导思想和各产业的发展策略。     

我国海洋区域经济发展水平差距分析

论文通过使用标准差、基尼系数、一阶锡尔系数（Theil熵）分解、崔一王指数等方法,对我国海洋区域经济发展水平的绝对差距、相对差距以及差距的地区分布和收敛性进行了定量分析。从而得出结论：自《全国海洋经济规划纲要》实施以来,我国海洋区域经济发展水平的省际差距持续缩小,环渤海、长三角、珠三角三大经济区间的区域差距有所增大,可见,各区域海洋经济发展规划的实施对缩小我国海洋区域经济差距具有促进效用。     

我国区域海洋经济技术效率实证研究

本文利用沿海省市海洋GDP面板数据,运用随机前沿分析方法SFA,对我国区域海洋经济的技术效率进行了实证分析。研究发现:1998~2008年间沿海各区域海洋经济技术效率都呈上升趋势,但仍存在较大的提高空间;区域间技术效率差异与区域间海洋经济发展水平的差距相一致;上海、广东的技术效率水平较高,在地区发展中处于核心地位。根据研究结论,本文认为技术效率水平的差距成为导致区域海洋经济发展差异的重要原因之一,进而建议各地区加大海洋科研投入,提高海洋经济技术效率并充分发挥核心区域的技术辐射效应。研究的结论和建议对我国区域海洋经济的质量提升和协调发展具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

How to visualise the invisible: Revealing re-use of rural buildings by non-agricultural entrepreneurs in the region of Roeselare-Tielt (Belgium)

Peri-urban rural areas are undergoing profound change in many regions, including the northern region of Belgium, Flanders. One driving force is the gradual conversion from an agriculturally based economy to a much more diverse economic base. Re-use of rural buildings by nonagricultural entrepreneurs is a part of this economic diversification. This re-use is changing not only the rural economy but also the social structure and spatial and environmental quality. However, re-use of rural buildings is chronically and severely underestimated. In most cases these activities are prohibited by spatial legislation, which results in their exclusion from census data. Standard methods based on measuring land use change do not measure this transformation either, as these new activities do not necessarily lead to a change in land use.This paper presents a survey method for describing and quantifying this hidden re-use of rural buildings by non-agricultural entrepreneurs. Several datasets were combined in a GIS environment. This led to an inventory which was further refined by confirming the knowledge of local civil officers and local authorities. Field visits provided final confirmation of the data. A case study using this survey method gave profound quantitative insights in the re-use dynamic for the region of Roeselare-Tielt in the north western part of Belgium. In the rural areas of this region, 1015 addresses were detected housing a non-agricultural activity. Further information was gained about the type and the age of the detected activity and the type of building in which these activities are taking place. The most common activities are (building) contractors, trade or commercial companies, landscapers, transport and woodworking companies. Furthermore, 35% of all detected enterprises are located in (former) farm buildings.These results then formed the starting point for individual interviews and focus group discussions on the current policy on this non-agricultural dynamic. Studying the re-use dynamic in the rural areas of the north western part of Belgium (Flanders), provides further knowledge on the economic diversification of rural areas under high urbanisation pressure. The results also illustrate that the current policy lacks both data and efficiency. A clear discrepancy was found between the legal rules, spatial reality and the policy attitude towards the reported illegal non-agricultural economic dynamic. We call for increased awareness of the non-agricultural re-use of rural buildings, given the effect on future spatial planning.     

The contribution of organic farming to rural development: An exploration of the socio-economic linkages of organic and non-organic farms in England

Organic farming has experienced considerable growth in recent years. Proponents of organic farming point to the environmental and nutritional benefits of organic systems, although these are contested by some. More recently, it has been argued that organic farming can provide rural development benefits through enhanced employment and through closer connections with the local economy, reconnecting consumers with producers and stimulating positive economic multipliers. Against the background of claims made for the rural development potential of organic farming, this paper considers the generation and retention of income, purchasing patterns, and direct employment impacts of a large sample of organic and non-organic farmers in England. The paper reveals some important distinctions between the characteristics of organic and non-organic farms and farmers. It is argued that most of these differences do not stem directly from differences in farming systems but, rather, reflect considerable differences in the people who operate organic farms as well as the distinctive business configurations they frequently adopt.     

黑龙江省自然资源过度消耗与环境恶化的经济原因分析

黑龙江省是资源大省，近几十年，在粮食、木材和石油方面为国家做出了突出贡献的同时，资源过度开发甚至破坏的现象十分突出；针对黑龙江省的自然资源与环境的状况，分析自然资源过度消耗与环境退化的经济原因。