外国直接投资与我国的出口竞争力:基于行业差异的实证分析

本文采用我国1999-2005年的面板数据,运用TC和ECI指数构建计量模型,对外国直接投资在各行业出口竞争力的变动过程中所发挥的作用进行了实证研究。结果表明:外国直接投资对我国行业出口竞争力的增强具有不同程度的促进作用,对资本密集型行业的促进作用较大;我国出口竞争力的变化具有较强的路径依赖特征,而这种依赖性正在被外国直接投资所打破。运用连乘变量的实证研究表明,外资企业的规模和出口地位对外国直接投资促进出口竞争力增强的效应有较大影响。     

我国出口贸易结构与外国直接投资的相关分析

近年来外国直接投资在我国国民经济中的作用日益提高,但现有的国内文献大多只重视研究外国直接投资与出口增长的数量关系,而少有对外国直接投资与出口贸易结构关系的研究。本文综合运用了定量和定性的研究方法较系统地研究了外国直接投资与我国出口贸易结构的关系:结合相关数据对外国直接投资和出口总量、出口商品结构、出口方式结构和出口模式结构的关系作了相关系数和回归定量分析;运用定性分析方法分析了外国直接投资和出口市场结构的关系,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

外国直接投资与我国对外贸易的实证研究

目前关于外国直接投资(FDI)与一国出口贸易间关系的研究已由最初的定性向定量发展,但多数定量分析集中在直接投资与出口的相关因果关系上。本文则利用我国改革开放以来到加入世贸组织之前的数据,对FDI与我国的出口规模、出口产品结构、出口产品竞争力等进行相关性分析。     

FDI对我国出口及地区差异影响的实证研究

我国出口高速增长的一个重要原因在于外国直接投资的巨大带动作用。计量模型的计算结果表明外国直接投资与我国出口有较大的相关性,并且对不同地区的影响差异显著,这说明我国的出口产业具有较强的加工和组装性质,各地区应根据不同的情况加强对外国直接投资的引进和管理。     

外商直接投资与我国出口贸易关系的实证研究

本文在理论分析的基础上,运用1987-2007年的数据对外商直接投资与我国出口增长的关系进行了研究,并对外商直接投资与我国出口竞争力的关系进行了相关性分析。结论是:外商直接投资促进了我国出口增长,对不同类型出口产品竞争力的影响有所不同,它削弱了初级产品的出口竞争力,对我国工业制成品出口竞争力的提升作用较大。在此基础上,笔者提出了相关政策建议。     

FDI对我国出口竞争力的影响与对策

改革开以来,外商直接投资(FDI)以迅雷不及掩耳之势大量流入我国,对我国出口总额的增长和出口产品结构的演变均产生了一定影响.本文利用计量经济学模型,依据1980-2003年我国外经贸方面的相关数据,对FDI与我国出口总额、劳动密集型产品出口总额、资本与技术密集型产品出口总额的关系进行回归分析,结果显示:FDI推动了我国出口竞争力的提升,但对劳动密集型产品出口的促进作用远大于对资本与技术密集型产品出口的促进作用.为此,本文还就如何进一步扩大和改善我国的FDI流入提出了建议.     

FDI对我国出口总量与结构影响的实证分析

本文通过1983-2009数据对我国近30年外国直接投资(FDI)和出口数据进行实证研究,认为FDI对我国出口呈现出明显的正向拉动作用,FDI聚集效应具有正反馈机制。FDI企业前期出口增长对本期出口增长的贡献大于本期FDI增长对本期出口增长的贡献。同时,FDI对我国外贸出口结构升级具有较强的正面效应。     

FDI与我国出口贸易额的实证分析

外商直接投资(FDI)自我国改革开放以来逐年增加,同时对我国出口贸易额的拉动作用也越来越大。本文首先对外商直接投资(FDI)与我国出口贸易额之间存在的关系进行了历史回顾与理论分析,然后通过实证的分析方法检验FDI对我国出口贸易额的影响。文章最后得出了本文的结论。     

FDI对我国机电产品出口竞争力影响的实证分析

本文通过出口竞争力相关指数,考量我国机电产品出口竞争力现状,并利用计量模型测算出上期外商直接投资存量对我国机电产品的出口竞争力存在正相关关系,为我国合理利用外资提供参考。     

外商直接投资对我国出口增长和出口结构的影响研究:1983-2006

采用我国1983-2006年的年度数据,实证研究了外商直接投资(FDI)与出口增长、出口商品结构以及不同来源国的FDI对出口绩效表现的影响,结果表明外商直接投资不仅促进了我国的出口扩张,而且提升和优化了我国的出口结构,不同来源国的FDI的出口绩效表现存在明显差异。     

Firm heterogeneity,sunk costs,spatial characteristics and export market participation: Evidence from China

This paper develops a dynamic discrete-choice model to analyze the exporting decisions of Chinese firms in Zhejiang province. The results show that sunk costs are found to be significant and prior export experience, productivity, scale, FDI, export spillovers, coastal area and economic zones are all positively related with the propensity of exporting while state ownership concentration has a negative impact. The export behavior of firms varies with country-specific characteristics.     

Firm-level export duration: The importance of market-specific ownership linkages

This paper explores the impact of a firm's market-specific ownership linkages and trade complementarities on different dimensions of its exporting longevity. Unlike previous studies that were mostly based on country-product-level data, this paper uses transaction-level trade data on the population of firms in Slovenia in the 2002–11 period, matched with detailed origin/direction of inward/outward FDI information to determine a firm's integration in international production networks. Our results indicate that firm's bilateral inward and outward FDI flows with an export-destination country have a strong positive effect on a firm's export survival in that market. Importance of market-specific ownership linkages for export duration is exclusively driven by intermediate goods which suggests prolonged export duration through production network involvement. However, the perseverance effect of bilateral FDI ties on export spells has been weakened during the crisis period. We find pronounced market- and product-related trade complementarities as either exporting or importing experience with the relevant market/product substantially improves the chances of a product–market export spell continuing. Finally, the risk of exports termination is lower for a firm's core export products.     

Firm Heterogeneity,Origin of Ownership and Export Participation

This paper investigates the relationship between firm heterogeneity and a firm’s decision to export, using the annual survey of Thai manufacturing firms from 2001 to 2004. A significant contribution of this paper is that we are, for the first time, able to break down FDI by country of origin to observe whether the behaviour of MNEs differs by region of origin. We find that sunk entry costs and firm characteristics are important factors in explaining a firm’s decision to export. Another important determinant is the ownership structure of the firm, with foreign‐owned firms having a higher probability of exporting than domestically owned firms, although this differs across country of ownership with potentially important policy implications. Export platform FDI is used to explain the behaviour of foreign firms that invest in Thailand. Using three measures of total factor productivity, we also find that highly productive firms self‐select into the export market. The implication for governments of developing countries is the need to think carefully about how and to whom they target their inward FDI policies as a means of growth. The heterogeneous behaviour of multinationals from different nations means that policies targeting specific regions or countries may be preferable to general tax concessions or the implementation of special economic zones that are open to all.     

How Does FDI Affect Domestic Firms’ Exports? Industrial Evidence

Using a Heckman sample selection model estimated using pooled four‐year firm‐level data, this paper explores the export spillovers from the FDI in the cultural, educational and sporting product manufacturing industry of the manufacturing sector in China from 2000 to 2003. The manufacturing sector contributes around 40 per cent of the GDP in the Chinese economy, and the cultural, educational and sporting product manufacturing industry has a significant proportion of FDI activities, and firms in this sector are active in exporting. Through the empirical exercise, we find that there exist export spillovers from FDI in the industry, for which the magnitude depends on firms’ geographical location, sale cost and revenue ratio, and ownership structure. On average, domestic firms located in Western China suffer from a foreign presence, irrespective of whether they are privately owned or state and collectively owned. For firms in Central China, both the privately owned and state and collectively owned firms appear to benefit from foreign presence. Regarding firms located in Coastal China, the privately owned firms suffer from the foreign presence, while in contrast the state and collectively owned firms benefit from the foreign presence. In addition, in this industry there are more firms that benefit from the presence of FDI than those that suffer, which to some extent justifies the government's policy to attract the FDI inflow.     

浙江省外贸出口的特点、问题与对策

改革开放以来,浙江的外贸出口迅猛增长,成为我国外贸出口大省。通过归纳浙江的外贸出口在商品结构、市场结构、贸易方式和经营主体等方面的特点,分析当前存在的一些问题和困难,提出持续发展的对策。     

Strategic Trade Policies Under Monopsony and Uncertainty: The Exporter’s Non-Linear Responses Based on the Organization of Its Industry

Players’ access to information, their market power, and the timing and rationale of their decisions are important but often neglected in the making of strategic trade policies. I examine optimal decisions in a monopsonistic market with asymmetric information to determine an exporting country’s policy strategies. The large importing country first sets a producer subsidy and later imposes an import tariff after learning about the welfare-maximizing exporter’s reactions to the subsidy. I assume that at the time of their decisions, the n exporting firms have incomplete information and rely only on noisy signals from their own domestic market to account for the uncertainty in the international market. I find that import tariff and producer subsidy can be substitute rather than exclusively independent policies. Results also show that the exporting country’s optimal reaction is non-linear and is based on the structure of its export industry; the exporting country’s government facing a large importer subsidizes (or taxes) its export when the number of exporting firms is low (or high) relative to a threshold number of firms. More important, before giving out subsidies, the exporting country’s government requires more collusion of its firms especially when the large importer targets a fixed domestic price.     

Foreign sourcing and exporting

The aim of this paper was analysing the role of sourcing intermediate inputs internationally on export decisions and distinguishing whether intermediates are sourced from firms belonging to the same business group or from independent suppliers. To analyse firms' export decisions, we use a specification that also accounts for sunk costs and accumulated experience in export markets (i.e., export market learning). We consider that importing intermediates might have direct and indirect effects (operating through enhanced productivity) on the export participation decision. The direct effects on exporting are isolated once we control for productivity and the effects of belonging to an international group. We use a manufacturing panel data set drawn from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies (ESEE) for the period 2006–14. Both productivity and inward or outward FDI increase the probability of exporting. Moreover, our results uncover the existence of sunk costs and export market learning, and also the relevant role played by intermediate imports in firms' export choices. Their effects act both through the (indirect) channel of enhancing firms' productivity and through a direct effect related to product upgrading, more competitive selling prices or learning from the firm's import experience.