Market priorities, manufacturing configuration, and business performance: an empirical analysis of the order-winners framework

This study carries out an empirical test of the order-winners framework in manufacturing organizations. Hill [Hill, T., 1985. Manufacturing Strategy: The Strategic Management of the Manufacturing Function, first ed. Macmillan, Basingstoke; Hill, T., 2000. Manufacturing Strategy: Text and Cases, second ed. Palgrave, Basingstoke] proposed the order-winners framework to help managers to improve understanding about markets and to develop a consistent manufacturing strategy. The framework defines ideal profiles of products and markets, and manufacturing and investment decisions that relate to alternative process choices. The study tests the hypothesis of a negative relationship between misfit to an ideal profile defined in the framework and business performance in domestic market share, return on sales, and return on investment in a survey of 183 manufacturers from 17 countries. Results found a significant negative relationship between misfit and domestic market share. The study contributes to operations management research by developing a methodology to measure fit as profile deviation in the context of manufacturing, and applying this methodology to the order-winners framework.     

Project management priorities and the link with performance management systems

This paper reports the results of a project management practices study in the U.K. social housing sector. A five‐factor model of project priorities is established, comprising traditional measures of project cost, time, and quality, in combination with a need to focus on stakeholders and to develop a customer and project team orientation. This model supports and integrates previously fragmented notions of project performance measurement. The relationship between these five project management criteria and the effectiveness and use of a performance management system (PMS) is then explored, with some limited evidence found that PMS effectiveness is an antecedent to practices that focus on the customer, the project team members, and other stakeholders     

房地产产业生态及其竞争战略选择

本文从商业生态系统的理念探讨房地产生态的内容及其结构。房地产生态价值链主要包括核心价值链、扩展价值链、金融链和政策链;这四个价值链与互补产业与替代产业等要素形成错综复杂的价值网络。最后,从系统层面提出了基于价值创造、协同进化、缝隙市场的战略选择;从企业层面提出了创造价值与分享价值之路和专业化与精细化之路。     

Competitive strategy in remanufacturing and the impact of take-back laws

This paper examines the impact of take-back laws within a manufacturer/remanufacturer competitive framework. Take-back laws require that firms take responsibility for the collection/disposal costs of their products. We consider two alternative implementations of take-back laws that are distinguished by the degree of control that the manufacturer has on returns sold to the remanufacturer. In one implementation, known as collective WEEE take-back, the manufacturer has no control over returns sold to the remanufacturer. The other implementation, known as individual WEEE take-back, gives complete control to the manufacturer.We develop a general two-period model to investigate questions of interest to policy-makers in government and managers in industry. Our results suggest that, in some settings, enactment of collective WEEE take-back will result in higher manufacturer and remanufacturer profits while simultaneously spurring remanufacturing activity and reducing the tax burden on society. A negative effect is higher consumer prices in the market. In other settings, we find that collective WEEE take-back introduces a structural change to the industry—creating an environment where remanufacturing becomes profitable when it is not profitable without a take-back law. With respect to individual WEEE take-back, we find that the manufacturer often benefits from allowing the remanufacturer to enter the market, though from a government policy-maker perspective, there are clear risks of monopolistic behavior.     

Robbing Peter to pay Paul: Feedback environments and enacted priorities in response to competing task demands

In this article, we present a model of how the feedback that surrounds performers as they do their work affects their attention and effort allocation in multiple goal situations. Differences in the frequency, specificity, and source of feedback for the multiple goals that performers hold are posited to affect attention and effort allocations. By differentially allocating their efforts in response to the feedback environment, performers often enact priorities that may or may not match the assigned priorities of the organization. These attention and effort allocations are posited to affect relative performance on the goals performers hold (or are assigned). Practical implications for performance management in organizations are addressed.     

创造企业竞争优势:内部资源,外部网络及其整合

随着环境与技术的变化，组织网络已经成为企业生存环境的重要组成部分。尽管资源学派强调组织内部的资源能力是竞争优势的主要来源，企业外部网络对竞争优势的贡献也已经被越来越多的学者所认识。本文在进一步归纳两种不同竞争优势来源观的基础上，重点讨论了内部资源能力与外部网络在创造竞争优势时的互动关系，最后通过理性期望模型分析了内部资源能力与外部网络及其整合对建立企业竞争优势的作用。     

How to learn new tasks: Shop floor performance effects of knowledge transfer and performance feedback

We investigate how learning and the task performance of individuals are affected by different forms of knowledge transfer. Whereas previous research has proven the positive performance impacts of knowledge transfer, self-observation and feedback mechanisms individually, we explore the cumulative effect of these factors on learning and performance. With the help of two laboratory experimental studies reproducing manufacturing tasks that are typical for industrial production, we show that explicit knowledge transfer is superior to other forms of knowledge transfer. Externally provided performance feedback in the form of cost information and non-financial performance indicators has no effect on the order of different forms of knowledge transfer. Moreover, external feedback does not even have an additional significant performance effect on learning new tasks irrespective of the type of knowledge transfer.     

兵团中小企业绩效管理问题及对策

绩效管理是企业人力资源管理的核心内容,成功实施绩效管理,能够促进企业绩效与竞争力的提升,并实现企业和员工的共同发展。文章通过问卷调研的形式,分析了兵团中小企业在绩效管理实施过程中存在的问题及成因,并为其改进和提高绩效管理水平提出了对策和建议。     

基于价值网络理论的知识转化研究

知识经济时代,价值网络成为一种更为有效的价值创造方式。文章通过图示的方法,揭示了价值链与价值网络的关系。随后又进一步探讨了价值网络对知识管理的影响过程,通过价值网络对知识资源的更有效配置能力,打造企业的核心竞争力。     

公司创业导向、能力、战略与竞争优势的关系研究

旨在分析创业导向对于企业竞争优势的影响机制,重点进行公司创业、企业能力、竞争战略、竞争优势等相关理论的探究和模型的构建,并在理论分析的基础上提出若干命题。分析表明,创业导向通过企业能力和竞争战略内外两条互为补充的路径,实现竞争优势。不仅丰富了公司创业和战略管理理论研究,还为企业如何在动态、复杂、不确定的全球环境中生存和发展提供借鉴和指导。     

企业竞争优势源泉研究的新进展:战略网络论

企业竞争优势关系到企业的生死存亡,历来受到企业管理者和战略学者的重视。本文在基本界定企业竞争优势涵义 的基础上,简要回顾了研究企业竞争优势的众多战略理论,然后,基于网络竞争环境从战略网络新视角研究企业竞争优势之源, 提出一个整合模型。     

竞争性协调战略:金融危机后中国贸易战略路径

改革开放以来,我国一直坚持出口导向的对外贸易发展战略,这一战略对于中国经济的腾飞起到了至关重要的作用。但是,在全球金融危机的冲击之下,这一战略暴露出了自身的弊病。在金融危机后,无论是国际经济环境,还是国内现实压力,都迫使我国转变一贯的出口导向战略,实施内外兼顾的竞争性协调战略,以促进我国对外贸易更好地发展。     

转换成本、网络规模与信用卡产业竞争策略比较

近年来,我国信用卡产业呈现出市场集中度逐年下降的趋势。信用卡市场的竞争融合了网络效应、兼容性及转换成本等因素,而在兼容性一定的环境下,不同银行的竞争策略往往不同。本文通过防降价均衡模型估计出2010—2012年我国九家上市银行的信用卡转换成本,并对网络规模扩张、转换成本定位以及竞争成效等进行分组比较。结果表明,股份制商业银行利用较低的转换成本吸引新客户,实现了更高的业务规模增长率;四大国有商业银行则利用高转换成本锁定其已有客户,并以高速扩张网络规模来竞争新客户,使其同股份制商业银行的业务规模增长率差异逐年下降。这说明网络产业中不同市场地位的厂商可将转换成本定位与网络规模扩张作为差异化策略,以此实现竞争优势。     

The impact of supply chain integration on performance: A contingency and configuration approach

This study extends the developing body of literature on supply chain integration (SCI), which is the degree to which a manufacturer strategically collaborates with its supply chain partners and collaboratively manages intra- and inter-organizational processes, in order to achieve effective and efficient flows of products and services, information, money and decisions, to provide maximum value to the customer. The previous research is inconsistent in its findings about the relationship between SCI and performance. We attribute this inconsistency to incomplete definitions of SCI, in particular, the tendency to focus on customer and supplier integration only, excluding the important central link of internal integration. We study the relationship between three dimensions of SCI, operational and business performance, from both a contingency and a configuration perspective. In applying the contingency approach, hierarchical regression was used to determine the impact of individual SCI dimensions (customer, supplier and internal integration) and their interactions on performance. In the configuration approach, cluster analysis was used to develop patterns of SCI, which were analyzed in terms of SCI strength and balance. Analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between SCI pattern and performance. The findings of both the contingency and configuration approach indicated that SCI was related to both operational and business performance. Furthermore, the results indicated that internal and customer integration were more strongly related to improving performance than supplier integration.     

Human capital and sustainable competitive advantage: an analysis of the relationship between training and performance

This article analyses the importance of training as a creator of human capital, which enables a company to obtain competitive advantages that are sustainable in the long-term that result in greater profitability. The study is based on the general theoretical framework of resource and capacity theory. The study not only analyses the impact of the influence of training on performance; it also attempts to analyse the nature of such a relationship in greater depth. This being the case, an attempt has been made to measure explanatory capacity from two different perspectives: the universalistic approach and the contingent approach. At the outset, two hypotheses are formulated that attempt to quantify the relationship from a universalistic perspective to later, in two more hypotheses, incorporate the potential moderating effect of the strategy into the model, in order to verify whether or not this strategy improves the explanatory power of our model of analysis.

Business Strategy,HRM Practices and Organizational Performance: A Study of the Indian Software Industry

ABSTRACT

Human resources and human resources management system create competitive advantage in today's global market economy that provides wider access to technology, finance and other resources. HRM research has set a new trend with its linkage process with business strategy and organizational performance to find a place for the profession and add value to the organization. This paper intends to unveil the business strategic models, HRM practices and organizational performance in Indian software companies. The study has found that there is a significant difference among HR practices in software companies in India based on Miles and Snow's strategic types, viz., prospectors, defenders, analyzers and reactors. Although reactors showed their difference from other strategic types, no significant difference was found among three proactive strategic types, viz. prospector, defender and analyzer. With regard to performance analysis, it was found that prospectors have a comparative advantage over other strategic types in almost all performance parameters. Although incentives and stock options have a greater overall impact on performance parameters, there is a lot of difference among factors that influence organizational effectiveness in three proactive strategic types.     

制度性进入壁垒与手机企业竞争战略分析

从1998年开始入市的国产品牌手机,十几年来经历了跌宕起伏的发展历程,2008年以来山寨机的兴起使国产品牌手机面临更为复杂的竞争环境,这些发展变化与手机业的制度性进入壁垒有极大的联系。在制度性进入壁垒的限制下,潜在进入企业的进入战略主要有寻租及贴牌生产,而在位企业的防御意识较弱。