On generalized progressive hybrid censoring in presence of competing risks

The progressive Type-II hybrid censoring scheme introduced by Kundu and Joarder (Comput Stat Data Anal 50:2509–2528, 2006), has received some attention in the last few years. One major drawback of this censoring scheme is that very few observations (even no observation at all) may be observed at the end of the experiment. To overcome this problem, Cho et al. (Stat Methodol 23:18–34, 2015) recently introduced generalized progressive censoring which ensures to get a pre specified number of failures. In this paper we analyze generalized progressive censored data in presence of competing risks. For brevity we have considered only two competing causes of failures, and it is assumed that the lifetime of the competing causes follow one parameter exponential distributions with different scale parameters. We obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and also provide their exact distributions. Based on the exact distributions of the maximum likelihood estimators exact confidence intervals can be obtained. Asymptotic and bootstrap confidence intervals are also provided for comparison purposes. We further consider the Bayesian analysis of the unknown parameters under a very flexible beta–gamma prior. We provide the Bayes estimates and the associated credible intervals of the unknown parameters based on the above priors. We present extensive simulation results to see the effectiveness of the proposed method and finally one real data set is analyzed for illustrative purpose.     

Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators based on progressive Type-II censoring

Hoadley (Ann Math Stat 42:1977–1991, 1971) studied the weak law of large numbers for independent and non-identically distributed random variables. Using that result along with the missing information principle, we establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimators based on progressively Type-II censored samples.     

模块化与知识员工激励——一个博弈分析

知识员工的激励是企业知识管理的根本问题,但由于知识活动难以监控和测度的特点,传统的激励机制对知识员工而言效果不佳。模块化是广泛应用于欧美制造业的产品设计方法,应用于KM中的主要作用是将大型的复杂的知识体系分解相对简单、小型的独立模块,从而使小型长期的合作团队成为独立的企业基本知识活动单位。这种分解有利于产生一种基于利他合作的知识员工激励机制。本文构建了三个博弈模型:完全信息静态博弈模型、完全信息动态博弈模型和不完全信息动态博弈模型分别解释了没有激励的情况下知识员工的理性选择是不提供知识;小型团体中,只要参与者具有一定的耐心,依靠非正式的规则就可以理性地实现难以移植到大型群体的利他主义合作;长期合作的团队比短期的团队更容易实现合作。     

企业管理信息系统组件化分析与设计

企业决策所面临的信息孤岛问题已成为现代信息管理的瓶颈,从而引出信息集成技术理念。信息资源是企业管理信息系统的重要组成之一,采用组件方法完成企业管理信息系统的信息资源分析与设计,可以提高企业管理信息系统的重用性、可替换性,能低成本且快速开发及整合与扩展企业管理信息系统。     

纳米磁流体及其应用

文章介绍了纳米磁流体的组成、分类、特性,阐述了制备纳米磁流体的几种方法,简要介绍了其应用,展望了纳米磁流体未来的发展方向。     

A multistage method to measure efficiency and its application to Japanese banking industry

When measuring technical efficiency with existing data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques, mean efficiency scores generally exhibit volatile patterns over time. This appears to be at odds with the general perception of learning-by-doing management, due to Arrow [The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies 1964; 154–73]. Further, this phenomenon is largely attributable to the fundamental assumption of deterministic data maintained in DEA models, and to the difficulty such models have in incorporating environmental influences. This paper proposes a three-stage method to measure DEA efficiency while controlling for the impacts of both statistical noise and environmental factors. Using panel data on Japanese banking over the period 1997–2001, we demonstrate that the proposed approach greatly mitigates these weaknesses of DEA models. We find a stable upward trend in mean measured efficiency, indicating that, on average, the bankers were learning over the sample period. Therefore, we conclude that this new method is a significant improvement relative to those DEA models currently used by researchers, corporate management, and industrial regulatory bodies to evaluate performance of their respective interests.     

Decomposition of cost efficiency and its application to Japanese-US electric utility comparisons

This paper presents a new formula for decomposing cost efficiency into technical, price, and allocative efficiencies in an environment marked by the fact that unit input prices differ among certain enterprises. We employed this formula in comparing cost efficiency between Japanese and US electric power companies, and found a significant difference in the price-based efficiency. However, negligible differences were found in the technical and allocative efficiencies.     

Economic entropy and its application to the structure of the transport system

Quality & Quantity - The need for a concept of economic entropy is discussed and a definition of economic entropy is given. The system of transportation is described in terms of economic...     

A unified approach to nonlinearity,structural change,and outliers

This paper demonstrates that the class of conditionally linear and Gaussian state-space models offers a general and convenient framework for simultaneously handling nonlinearity, structural change and outliers in time series. Many popular nonlinear time series models, including threshold, smooth transition and Markov-switching models, can be written in state-space form. It is then straightforward to add components that capture parameter instability and intervention effects. We advocate a Bayesian approach to estimation and inference, using an efficient implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes for such linear dynamic mixture models. The general modelling framework and the Bayesian methodology are illustrated by means of several examples. An application to quarterly industrial production growth rates for the G7 countries demonstrates the empirical usefulness of the approach.     

财产清查会计处理存在的问题

针对财产清查结果的账务处理，目前采用了两种根本不同的会计处理方式，即把存货的盘盈和盘亏以及固定资产的盘亏计入盘点年度的财务报表，而把固定资产的盘盈计入盘点以前年度的财务报表。本文主要从可比性原则和基本经营假设两方面分析固定资产盘盈会计处理的恰当性。     

氧传感器及其应用

氧传感器作为电子控制燃油喷射发动机的重要部件,对发动机正常运转和尾气排放的有效控制起着至关重要的作用,一旦氧传感器及其连接线路出现故障,不但会使排放超标,还会使发动机工况恶化,导致怠速熄火、发动机运转失准等各种故障。因此,适时地对氧传感器进行监测和观察,对保证汽车在良好状态下运行大有益处。     

论过程的监控及其应用

贯彻实施ISO 9001：2000国际标准“5．6管理评审”的效果不显著,是个老大难问题。本文首先阐明过程监控的目的、范围和方法,然后将其应用于“5．6管理评审”的实施,提出对“管理评审及整改全过程”实施监控。确保评审出明确的问题和整改出显著的效果。     

浅谈MBR平板膜污水处理系统及其应用

文章通过对MBR平板膜污水处理系统的处理原理、工艺特点、处理效果等方面的分析,简单介绍了平板膜污水处理系统在污水处理中的特殊作用。     

城市空间结构均衡理论及在我国的应用

论述了西方城市空间结构均衡的静态模型及其经济学涵义,并通过我国城市地价和地租空间变化的实证研究成果,探讨了该理论应用于我国城市空间结构研究的可行性.     

A unified approach to nonparametric trend tests for dependent and independent samples

We consider testing nonparametric hypotheses against ordered alternatives and propose a new unified approach for dependent and independent samples and factorial designs. The new approach allows for arbitrary underlying distributions, including quantitative and discrete ordinal (ordered categorical), or even binary data. It is compared to procedures available in the literature and applied to different data examples. The new method is not only invariant under monotone transformations of the response, but also under monotone transformations of the weights describing the alternative pattern.     

Consistent order selection with strongly dependent data and its application to efficient estimation

Order selection based on criteria by Akaike (IEEE Trans. Automat. Control AC-19 (1974) 716), AIC, Schwarz (Ann. Stat. (1978) 461), BIC or Hannan and Quinn's (J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (1979) 190) HIC is often applied in empirical examples. They have been used in the context of order selection of weakly dependent ARMA models, AR models with unit or explosive roots and in the context of regression or distributed lag regression models for weakly dependent data. On the other hand, it has been observed that data exhibits the so-called strong dependence in many areas. Because the interest to this type of data, our main objective in this paper is to examine order selection for a distributed lag regression model that covers in a unified form weak and strong dependence. To that end, and because the possible adverse properties of the aforementioned criteria, we propose a criterion function based on the decomposition of the variance of the innovations of the model in terms of their frequency components. Assuming that the order of the model is finite, say p₀, we show that the proposed criterion consistently estimates p₀. In addition, we show that adaptive estimation for the parameters of the model is possible without knowledge of p₀. Finally, a small Monte-Carlo experiment is included to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed criterion.     

分子印迹技术研究及其应用

文章指出分子印迹技术是最近几十年发展起来的化学工程学、生物学以及材料科学综合应用技术,其应用领域越来越广泛,并论述了在药物分析,生化分离,生物传感器技术以及生物催化等领域呈现了广阔的应用前景。     

A probability inequality for ranges and its application to maximum range test procedures

Summary It is proved that for any fixed argument the sequence (P _k) of the distribution functions of the ranges ofk i.i.d. univariate random variables is log-concave if the random variables have a log-concave density. If the support of the distribution is an infinite interval and the density is monotonous then the theorem holds also with “log-convex” instead of “log-concave”. The resulting inequalities can be used by a quick algorithm for closed maximum range test procedures for all pairwise comparisons (Royen 1988, 1989a, 1989b). Under the above assumptions the application of this algorithm can be extended e.g. to pairwise comparisons of variances.     

菱形挂篮的设计及应用

文章以广州南部快速路珠江特大桥主桥箱梁为背景,详细介绍了菱形挂篮的设计以及在大跨度悬浇箱梁施工中的应用。