An assessment and ranking of barriers to doing environmental business with China

The transfer of environmental goods and services to China will increasingly be of importance to developed nations as the demand for environmental management services increases in China. A review of the literature on technology transfer to China revealed a range of well recognized and commonly known constraints to transferring technologies to China. There were gaps in the literature in relation to the concerns that environmental professionals have regarding technology transfer to China, as there is limited information on the transfer in environmental goods and services to China. A survey of the non‐trade barriers and their practical impact on the transfer of environmental technologies and goods and services to China, focusing on Australian suppliers, was undertaken to address these gaps. The survey, which was developed from barriers to technology transfer already described in the extensive research addressing the wider issues of technology transfer to China, targeted environmental professionals but also included other professionals with interests in transferring environmental goods and services to China. From the survey, the highest priority barriers to transferring environmental goods and service to China were identified, and those that are most likely to limit Australian vendors of environmental goods and services in their technology transfers to China were protection of intellectual property (IP), limitations of the rule of law, fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese government and establishing appropriate level of ownership (of environmental goods and services providers in China). Examples of Australian experience were also examined, which confirmed these barriers to providing the needed technology and innovation to manage China's increasing environmental impacts. The research also shows that the barriers identified do not appear to be unique to transfer of environmental goods and services but rather generic to the transfer and adoption of Australian technology into China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

浅谈中专政治理论课教学的出路与对策

中专政治理论课在新的历史时期,如何适应时代的发展变化,如何突破原有的教育模式,如何提高育人实效,迎接时代的挑战。本文中专政治理论课要走出困境,其出路和对策入手,试图从中专政治理论课教学角度探讨作为切入点,分析中专政治理论课教学所面临的问题困境的根源。     

Distribution of stock ratings and analyst recommendation revision

With the implementation of NASD Rule 2711 in 2002, each brokerage firm is now required to publicly disseminate the distribution of stock ratings in each research report. Hence, this paper investigates the relationship between the percentage of buy recommendations and probability of deciding to downgrade or drop coverage of stocks. Our findings suggest that the percentage of buy recommendations can enhance the probability of deciding to downgrade stock ratings and drop coverage of stocks. Furthermore, we find that analysts tend to revise their recommendations downward to hold instead of an unfavorable level. In addition, we find the market tends to heed downgrade decisions of analysts with a higher percentage of buy ratings. This finding is consistent with Barber, Lehavy, McNichols, and Trueman (2006) by applying data at the broker level.This study further investigates the changing dynamic in buy ratio of analysts by partitioning pre and post regulatory reform period. We show that analysts are more likely to revise their ratings to hold and less likely to revise their ratings to sell; in particular after post regulatory reform. Moreover, we observe one key coefficient in the post-Rule period with superior performance in contrast to the pre-Rule period. Compared to the results in the pre-Rule period, the results show that analysts are more likely to revise their ratings to hold and less likely to revise ratings to sell, and more likely to drop coverage of stocks in the post-Rule period. Overall, our findings suggest that the implementation of Rule 2711 will contribute to reduce analysts’ optimistic stock ratings.     

Optimale snijsnelheid bij meer-machine-bediening1),2)

In calculating formulas to determine the optimal number of machines assigned to an operator, the ratio of service time to machine operating time is supposed to be a constant for a given type of equipment. Changing the cutting speed on automatic lathes changes the tool life and the unit production time and, therefore, the ratio of service time to machine operating time and the efficiency. In this article a method to determine the optimal cutting speed and the corresponding optimal number of machines assigned to an operator is given. An example is given in which it was possible to attain a saving of f 2200 per lathe per year by assigning 7 lathes to an operator instead of 3. A further saving of f 5500 per lathe per year was calculated by decreasing the cutting speed to three-fourths of its original value and correspondingly assigning 15 to 17 lathes to one operator.     

士官《飞机结构强度》教学方法探讨

在分析士官学员特点和《飞机结构强度》课程特点的基础上,从巧妙设置问题、运用对比分析、采用归纳总结、联系部队装备、结合生活常识、引用历史典故和补充前沿知识等方面探讨了《飞机结构强度》课程的教学方法,以期达到提高教学质量、改善教学效果的目的。     

借鉴国外经验推进我国农村民居建设机制创新的对策思考

随着社会主义市场经济体制建设的推进,市场机制对农村民居建设的渗透不可抗拒。国外运用市场机制进行农村民居建设的实践为我们提供了丰富的经验。借鉴别国做法,顺应时代要求,运用市场机制进行农村民居建设,应加快农村建设用地产权制度的改革;促进农村经济现代化;引导房地产企业挺进农村民居建设市场;制定符合市场经济规律、适应农村居住特点的住宅建设标准及其相关的法规、政策;鼓励金融机构为农村民居建设提供更多资金支持。     

The right to the city

The right to the city is not merely a right of access to what already exists, but a right to change it. We need to be sure we can live with our own creations. But the right to remake ourselves by creating a qualitatively different kind of urban sociality is one of the most precious of all human rights. We have been made and re‐made without knowing exactly why, how, and to what end. How then, can we better exercise this right to the city? But whose rights and whose city? Could we not construct a socially just city? But what is social justice? Is justice simply whatever the ruling class wants it to be? We live in a society in which the inalienable rights to private property and the profit rate trump any other conception of inalienable rights. Our society is dominated by the accumulation of capital through market exchange. To live under capitalism is to accept or submit to that bundle of rights necessary for endless capital accumulation. Free markets are not necessarily fair. Worse still, markets require scarcity to function. The inalienable rights of private property and the profit rate lead to worlds of inequality, alienation and injustice. The endless accumulation of capital and the conception of rights embedded threin must be opposed and a different right to the city must be asserted politically. Derivative rights (like the right to be treated with dignity) should become fundamental and fundamental rights (of private property and the profit rate) should become derivative. But new rights can also be defined: like the right to the city which is not merely a right of access to what the property speculators and state planners define, but an active right to make the city different, to shape it more in accord with our heart's desire, and to re‐make ourselves thereby in a different image.     

下属潜能的开发——论企业人才从何而来

对企业而言，面对日益激烈的竞争，如何赢得或保住市场都是极为严峻的挑战。能够帮助企业迎接这一挑战的核心竞争力，便是来自高素质高技能的队伍——人才。企业缺乏合适的人才，如若采用挖墙脚方式虽可解救燃眉之急，但无法长期满足企业成长的需要，因此企业应着重于从内部培养。管理人员的一个最重要的职责就是有效地培育与发展下属，并激励团队成员为组织的目标全力以赴。从公司内部培养和提拔业务骨干和中层管理人员，对企业的长远发展来讲是一件非常重要的事情。公司的每位中、高级管理者都有培养下属的责任。但多数企业并没有下大力气实施人才培养，这其中有观念的问题也有实际的障碍。     

基于企业内部供应链的订单流程优化研究

随着经济增长和科技发展,电子产品成为日益增长的消费品,且客户的个性化需求快速发展,使得当今的电子产品制造型企业,为适应激烈市场竞争环境的要求,分解竞争压力,开始将生产经营纷纷转向以顾客订单为导向的按单生产模式,以降低经营风险。在这种生产经营模式下,如何优化订单流程,及时、高效满足客户需求,提高客户忠诚度,成为制造型企业亟待解决的问题。由于订单流是内部供应链的媒介,基于内部供应链进行订单流程优化能够满足企业的需求,通过描述订单流程图,分析现有订单流程中存在的问题,并建立了新的可行性流程。     

Saving motives and multivariate precautionary premia

This paper extends the concept of precautionary premium to a multivariate setting so as to measure the intensity of the precautionary saving motive to protect against multivariate risks. This makes it possible to disentangle and to link the various motives of precautionary saving depending on the configuration of the risks the individual wants to protect against.     

图书馆发展必须适应知识经济时代的需要

知识经济的迅速发展给高等职业学院图书馆带来了发展机遇,同时也带来了挑战和压力。这就需要图书馆必须适应知识经济以及读者获取知识的需要。转变图书馆的服务功能,提高服务质量。本文从图书馆必须适应知识经济的发展,其运行机制必须适应社会主义经济体制等方面,论述了要想发展杜会主义市场经济,培养技能型人才,适应社会知识经济的需要,必须优先发展图书馆,这是确保知识经济发展的先决条件,也是推动社会文明进步的重要举措。     

桥头跳车的形成原因与预防策略浅析

桥头跳车现象是一种公路工程施工的常见质量通病,通过多年工程实践证明要想彻底根除它很难做到,但可以采取一些特殊的施工工艺和施工方法等防治措施,最大限度的减小桥头跳车对行车的影响。所以能做到的就是对桥头跳车的成因进行客观的分析,根据这些成因采取相应的防治措施,最大限度地减少病害的发生。     

The entrepreneurial motivation in academia: a multidimensional construct

In this paper we propose a model to analyse the motivation of academic entrepreneurs that comprises six dimensions: personal, relating to the entrepreneurial opportunity, to scientific knowledge, to the availability of resources, to the incubator organization, and to the social environment. The model is tested based on information from a survey administered to 152 Spanish academic entrepreneurs. Our results show that entrepreneurial opportunity is not part of the entrepreneurial motivation, but is of the utmost importance to academic entrepreneurs. Also, we find the scientific knowledge is the main driver of entrepreneurial activity in the academia.     

Probing: A dangerous practice in social surveys?

It is widely accepted among survey researchers that the use of probes by their interviewers can lead to more intelligible, more complete, and more easily coded answers from respondents. Yet it is not hard to find examples of the use of probes in the survey research literature that have failed to produce demonstrably better data. Since the poor codability of respondents' answers is the product of a number of factors, merely training interviewers to be more skilful in their use of probes is unlikely to significantly improve the quality of survey data. If probes are to be used, they should be both standardized and used systematically. It would be better, however, to try to eliminate the need for interviewers to have to use probes. Two positive steps the researcher can take in this direction are: to define key terms properly, and to specify the response frameworks that respondents should adopt when formulating replies to particular questions.     

基于顾客价值的市场创新途径研究

目前,大多数的企业都是通过激烈的竞争来争取产品的市场占有率,争取顾客。惯性的思维是,在本行业的现有市场中将产品和服务做到最好,以争取既定的顾客。从打破行业界限、打破顾客界限、打破产品功能导向界限三个方面探讨了市场创新的途径,为企业开辟新的市场空间提供了一些途径。     

Profiling the charity donor: A case study of the game conservancy trust

This paper identifies the key fundraising problems faced by the Came Conservancy Trust and describes the donor research that was undertaken in an attempt to resolve these key issues. A survey of 1,000 donors was undertaken and the respondents were profiled according to demographic variables and their response to 20 attitudinal statements. These statements were then subjected to a factor analysis to identify the underlying psychographic variables. Seven such variables were identified and subjected (along with a range of demographic variables) to a regression analysis with a view to identifying which of them would prove to be significant indicators of a propensity to donate larger sums to this organisation. A number of the psychographic factors were indeed found to be significant indicators of the level of support a particular donor might be predisposed to provide. In the light of these findings the paper concludes with a number of recommendations to the Trust for changes to its fundraising strategy.     

加强专项资金预算管理的几点思考

资金是企事业单位保持正常运营的物质基础,直接关系到单位基本职能的发挥。近年来,专项资金在企事业单位财务中的占比不断提高,专项资金类型越来越复杂,有必要进一步加强专项资金的预算管理。目前,部分单位“重申报轻执行”,存在专项资金挤占现象,易导致单位专项资金的流失和浪费,不利于专项工作任务的推进。因此,论文针对专项资金预算管理问题展开探讨和分析,并对如何加强专项资金预算管理提出相应建议。     

The Familiar Face of the State: Affect,Emotion and Citizen Entitlements in Dehradun,India

Municipal Councillors (MCs) are the ‘familiar face of the state’ in Dehradun, India: the first port of call for citizens seeking to claim entitlements from the state. The way MCs respond to the requests of their constituents is a major factor in the uneven distribution of government welfare and services. This article seeks to contribute to understandings of citizen entitlements by drawing attention to the role of affect and emotion in shaping the interactions between MCs and voters. I examine the ways citizens consciously or unconsciously engender emotions and affective responses, and the effect these have in mobilizing MCs. Attention to the, at times, involuntary nature of these responses suggests a need to go beyond the instrumental and calculating motivations of municipal councillors, to consider the way they are compelled and animated to meet the demands of some citizens, but not of others. The capacity to affect, and the ways one is affected, are tied to the social identities and self-making projects of both the MC and the voter, resulting in an uneven (mal)distribution of state resources. A focus on affective configurations in urban governance thereby reveals heretofore overlooked determinants of unequal access to urban resources and services.     

THE EUROPEAN COURT: THE FORGOTTEN POWERHOUSE BUILDING THE EUROPEAN SUPERSTATE

Less attention is paid to the European Court of Justice than to other European Union institutions when discussing the centralising tendencies of the Union. However, the court has given an important impetus to the process of centralisation through its individual decisions and also through its tendency to give effect in its decisions to what it believes to be the'purpose'of EU treaties rather than to the text of the treaties. The proposed EU constitution will significantly widen the power of the European Court since it includes articles which are wide open to a number of different interpretations, and it will be for the court to decide how they should be interpreted.