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This review of statistical data, derived from HIV antibody testing performed on life insurance applicants over a period of five and one-half years, reflects the evolving nature of the HIV epidemic in the United States and demonstrates how the findings in the life insurance low risk population mirror the trends and changes that are occurring in the general population.  相似文献   

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Hemogloblin A1c (HgbA1c) values are superior to those of random serum glucose, serum fructosamine, and urine glucose as a means of detecting carbohydrate intolerance. Further, HgbA1c values have been shown to correlate with mortality in a continuous fashion beginning at levels between 5.0% and 6.0%. Unfortunately, the expense of HgbA1c testing is considerably higher than that of routine serum chemistry testing. Diabetes is an increasingly common disorder clearly associated with mortality. Also, the current demographic trends towards increasing age and increasing prevalence of obesity underscore the value to underwriters of identifying carbohydrate intolerance.  相似文献   

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Prostate cancer is comprehensively reviewed from the perspective of risk-stratification. Epidemiology and staging are assessed. The diagnostic implications are described. Treatment strategies are outlined and underwriting implications are presented.  相似文献   

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We describe briefly a model of Huntington's disease (HD), a highly penetrant, dominantly inherited, fatal neurological disorder. Although it is a single-gene disorder, mutations are variable in their effects, depending on the number of times that the CAG trinucleotide is repeated in a certain region of the HD gene. The model covers: (a) rates of onset, depending on CAG repeat length as well as age; (b) post-onset rates of mortality; and (c) the distribution of CAG repeat lengths in the population. Using these, we study the critical illness and life insurance markets. We calculate premiums based on genetic test results that disclose the CAG repeat length, or more simply on a family history of HD. These vary widely with age and policy term; some are exceptionally high, but in a large number of cases cover could be offered within normal underwriting limits. We then consider the possible costs of adverse selection, in terms of increased premiums, under various possible moratoria on the use of genetic information, including family history. These are uniformly very small, because of the rarity of HD, but do show that the costs would be much larger in relative terms if family history could not be used in underwriting. We point out some difficulties involved in applying a moratorium that recognises simply a dichotomy between ‘carriers’ and ‘non-carriers’ of any mutation in a gene when these mutations are, in fact, very variable in their effects. These complexities suggest that restrictions on the disclosure, rather than on the use, of genetic information, if it became established as a principle, could deprive insurers of information needed for risk management even if not used in underwriting.  相似文献   

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In this paper we ask whether an aspect of social security, namely its role as a provider of insurance against uncertain life spans, is welfare enhancing. To this end we use an OLG model where agents have a bequest motive and differ in sex and marital status and where families are formed and destroyed and their characteristics evolve (exogenously) according to U.S. demographic patterns of marriage, divorce, fertility and mortality. We compare the implications of social security under a variety of market structures that differ in the extent to which life insurance and annuities are available. We find that social security is a bad idea. In economies where the private sector provides annuities and life insurance, it is a bad idea for the standard reason that it distorts the intertemporal margin by lowering the capital stock. In the absence of such securities social security is still a very bad idea, only marginally less so compared with economies with annuities and life insurance. We also explore these issues in a world where people live longer and we find no differences in our answers. As a by-product of our analysis we find that the existence of life insurance opportunities for people is important in welfare terms while that of annuities is not.  相似文献   

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In this paper, after having defined the duration for a “generic” life insurance contract, we bring out some of its properties. We also prove that, in some cases, duration is a natural extension of well-known duration indices.  相似文献   

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《中国金融电脑》2004,(6):45-47
一、系统目标近年来,我国寿险业的迅速发展,外资寿险公司的不断进入,对寿险监管提出了更高的标准和要求。寿险经营的长期性和经营的复杂性也要求监管者要有强有力的技术手段对保险公司的经营进行监督管理。保险精算技术是寿险公司运营的重要基础,也是寿险监管的重要技术手段。而目前国际上通行的以保险公司偿付能力为核心的监管方式更离不开精算技术。我国目前寿险监管已建立了对保险公司偿付能力监管的制度,颁布和实施了一系列法规、制度。而在监管技术手段上却远远落后于监管制度建设,使得寿险监管手段和监管效率落后于寿险业的快速发展。…  相似文献   

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寿险业务的日常运作是以精算方法为基础的,它已贯穿于寿险业务的方方面面。目前,寿险精算已形成较完善和系统的理论和方法,但在国内,寿险精算仍是一项难以理解且很复杂的业务,它涉及定价、营销、控制等各个环节,且随着现代保险产品在功能和结构上的更新而变得日益多样。精算所需处理的问题也越来越复杂,  相似文献   

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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a counter-regulatory hormone produced mainly by ventricular myocardium. Early research studies were performed to ascertain its value in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in acute care settings. Subsequent studies have explored its utility in screening for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in the community, determining prognosis in coronary artery disease, appropriate timing of surgery in valve disorders, and in evaluating many other cardiac diseases. This review summarizes the current status of medical literature, introduces a new test to the insurance industry.  相似文献   

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An equity-linked life insurance contract combines an endowment life insurance and an investment strategy with a minimum guarantee. The benefit of this contract is determined by the guaranteed amount plus a bonus equal to a call on the portfolio. This bonus is similar to an Asian option. This article analyzes the relationship between the periodic insurance premium and its proportional share invested into the portfolio. For a general model of the financial risks we show the existence and uniqueness of an insurance premium. Furthermore the premium is strictly increasing and convex as a function of the share invested.  相似文献   

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Global inflation and economic cyclical fluctuations have accelerated the depreciation rate of monetary assets. Safeguarding the purchasing power of long-term life insurance products’ cash flow becomes an issue of great theoretical and practical significance for life insurance. Using data from China, this article designs a long-term life insurance policy denominated in ounces of gold, and compares it with traditional long-term life insurance policies. For the time frame of interest to this study, we confirm that a long-term life insurance policy denominated in ounces of gold provided significant protection against the effects of inflation and economic cyclical fluctuations. We propose a risk management program aimed at price risk, interest rate risk, currency risk and investment risk as a result of the insurance policy denominated in ounces. Our recommended strategy includes an inducing index method to hedge against the losses caused by price fluctuations of gold.  相似文献   

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我国保险业自20世纪80年代初恢复以来,在20多年的时间里取得了巨大成就,特别是商业人寿保险自90年代起在业务规模、保费收入、机构建设、业务类型等方面飞速发展,为国民经济的发展做出了巨大贡献.  相似文献   

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The life insurance industry in Australia has traditionally been an important source of long term finance for both the public and private sector. However, very little historical analysis has been undertaken into an industry that constitutes a fundamental part of the economy's financial sector. The present climate of deregulation has initiated an irrevocable process of change within the industry. To comprehend the full implications of this change it is necessary to have an understanding of how the industry has evolved. This paper seeks to provide a background account of the growth of the life insurance industry in Australia highlighting the influences that have determined the structure of the industry.  相似文献   

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