基于交易金额的在线信誉模型设计和分析

信誉模型是在线信誉体系的一个重要组成部分,本文针对现有信誉模型忽略交易金额的缺陷,结合已有的信任研究成果,构建了基于交易金额的在线信誉模型,并结合真实交易数据比较了现有模型和本模型的优劣之处,以期为在线消费提供用户信誉更全面的评估。     

Reputation in Auctions: Theory, and Evidence from eBay

Employing a procedure suggested by a simple theoretical model of auctions in which bidders and sellers have observable and heterogenous reputations for default, we examine the effect of reputation on price in a data set drawn from the online auction site eBay. Our main empirical result is that seller's, but not bidder's, reputation has an economically and statistically significant effect on price.     

The Value Relevance of Environmental Audits: Evidence from Japan

Environmental audits are implemented internally in order to monitor compliance with environmental laws, regulations and related accounting rules, and to develop recommendations for ways in which to improve environmental accounting processes and performance. In addition, external third‐party assurance on environmental information is used to verify whether firms’ disclosures on environmental information are in compliance with environmental accounting rules and regulations. We examine whether firms’ environmental audits positively affect their market values and whether third‐party assurance strengthens positive effects, using value relevance theory as a theoretical foundation. Our main tests are based on 266 Japanese manufacturing firms’ published environmental reports for the period 2010–2013. We find that the average market value of firms that implement environmental audits is 9 percent greater than those that do not. Further, we find that environmental audits positively affect firm value, largely through interaction with third‐party assurance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

The Value of Employee Retention: Evidence From a Natural Experiment

We estimate the firm‐level returns to retaining employees using difference‐in‐differences analysis and a natural experiment where the enforcement of employee noncompete agreements was inadvertently reversed in Michigan. We find that noncompete enforcement boosted the short‐term value of publicly traded companies by approximately 9%. The effect is increasing in local competition and growth opportunities, and offset by patenting.     

Value Relevance of Multinationality: Evidence from Korean Firms

The purpose of this study is to examine the valuation effects of multinationality in Korean firms and to identify the role of multinationality in internalization theory. We hypothesize that the market positively values the multinational activities of Korean firms, which are operating in a small open economy in which firms have strong motivations for internationalization. We use Ohlson's (1995, Contemporary Accounting Research, 11, 661) value model and document the positive effect for multinational firms compared to domestic firms, as well as the positive effect of multinationality on firm value. These results are robust across studies, as indicated by Tobin's q measure, as well as across years. We also hypothesize that multinationality mediates or moderates the relationship between intangibility and firm value that is proposed in internalization theory. We do not find supporting evidence for a mediated influence of intangibility through multinationality on firm value nor for a moderated influence of intangibility on firm value. We find that multinationality and intangibility directly and independently influence firm value, without any interference from each other. These results are also robust across studies, as indicated by Tobin's q measure. Finally, we find that multinationality in Korean firms has never lost its importance, even during the global financial crisis in the year 2008.     

Site visit information content and return predictability: Evidence from China

In this paper, we use frequency of related phrases in site visit summary reports to denote the site visit content, and study whether site visit content reflecting institutional investors’ market concerns can predict Chinese stock market return. We find that site visit content has greater forecasting power in Chinese stock market returns than other economic predictors after comparing out-of-sample R². The predictability is both statistically and economically significant. Additionally, our results also suggest that the particular information content has better forecasting power than general content in site visit summary reports.     

Analyst Herding and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China

We examine the proposition that firms with disproportionately more analysts herding in their coverage, as measured by a larger herding index value, have higher crash risk. Our findings are consistent with the main proposition. The results suggest that information production, rather than monitoring, is the primary mechanism behind the positive relation between herding and crash risk. Our conclusion is robust to different measures of crash risk, crash risk windows, herding measures, subsamples, and instrumental estimation. In addition, using post‐earnings announcement drift, we report that analyst herding slows down bad news transmission in the market. Our findings extend the literature by documenting that analyst herding plays a role in enhancing crash risk. Analyst herding has economic consequences on the covered firms. We offer support for the concern in the literature regarding analyst herding and market fluctuations.     

Internal Control and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China

This paper examines the role played by internal control and its five components (i.e. control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring) in alleviating future stock price crash risk. Using a unique dataset from China, we find evidence that internal control is negatively associated with future stock price crash risk. Specifically, control environment, information and communication, and monitoring are significantly and negatively associated with future stock price crash risk. Moreover, the negative association between internal control and crash risk is significantly more pronounced in firms with weak internal and external governance (i.e. audited by non-Big 4 auditors, located in provinces with low market development, and less conservative in accounting) and with poor ability to mitigate impacts of extreme negative events (i.e. non-state-owned enterprises). Our study highlights the delicate role of internal control as a mechanism in preventing crash of stock price.     

Effect of Online Dating on Assortative Mating: Evidence from South Korea

Online dating services have increased in popularity around the world, but a lack of quality data hinders our understanding of their role in family formation. This paper studies the effect of online dating services on marital sorting, using a novel dataset with verified information on people and their spouses. Estimates based on matching techniques suggest that, relative to other spouse search methods, online dating promotes marriages that exhibit weaker sorting along occupation and geographical proximity but stronger sorting along education and other demographic traits. Sensitivity analysis, including the Rosenbaum Bounds approach, suggests that online dating's impact on marital sorting is robust to potential selection bias. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Site Value Taxation in a Declining City

A bstract . The relationship is analyzed between the economic decline of a central city and the likelihood that a site value tax will be politically acceptable. Public choice and land use models are combined to generate a scenario of land use changes and changes in improvements to land ratios which determine whether a specific property owner will gain or lose from a revenue-neutral site value tax. A case study is presented which substantiates many of the effects suggested by the model. In general, private and public sector responses to a city's decline result in an atmosphere that is relatively hostile to site value taxation.     

价格波动性与股票预期回报——基于中国市场的初步证据

基于国际资本市场数据的研究发现,股票价格的波动率和股票未来的回报率负相关,而且风险差异不能解释这个现象,文章使用中国股票市场的数据发现了相同的结论。在1998年1月到2003年12月期间内,基于过去一个月内股价波动率的对冲组合在未来六个月内能够取得0.32%的月风险调整超额回报率。M iller(1977)认为股价波动性代表了投资者对股票价值评估的不确定性和异质性,因为卖空限制的存在,波动性高的股票的价格更多地反映了乐观投资者的看法,因而出现高估价值的错误定价。文章分析认为M iller的错误定价理论能够解释股价波动率与未来回报率之间的负相关关系。     

The Revenue Adequacy of Site Value Taxation in a Ricardian System of Economic Growth

A bstract . The federal administration has sought to reduce the growth of federal expenditures by shifting some government costs to state and local governments. An increased expenditure burden for the latter governments would require increased tax rates for existing types of taxes that have adverse impacts on economic incentives. Land taxes are considered as a source of revenue because of their efficiency aspects. Unfortunately this idea is all too often dismissed because of alleged revenue inadequacy. Thus an analysis is called for of the revenue adequacy of site value taxation in a Ricardian model of economic growth. The model allows analysis of revenue adequacy over time in an economic growth context that is suited for the long range tax-expenditure planning horizon with which local governments are faced. When revenue needs are primarily dependent upon the population size, and the fisc is initially operating at a deficit, for a land tax to permit attainment of balance, per capita rents must be increasing over time. Also when the economy's public service demand is primarily dependent upon income, deficits will not occur if rental share exceeds the share of income devoted to public output. Not all income goes to fiscal output, so rent eventually exceeds expenditures.     

城市价值在住房价格中的显性化及其政策含义——对中国35个城市住宅价格的实证研究

在中国,劳动力在城市间流动性的逐渐增强使得居民能够自由选择居住城市,这种居民在城市间的重分布促使房价被重估,更准确地反映居民对于城市价值(包括城市经济发展质量和城市生活质量)的支付意愿.本文对中国35个大中城市的实证研究表明,在我国城市住宅市场中,城市价值已经被很显著地资本化到房价当中.城市居民的劳动收入水平越高,或者城市生活质量越好,城市的房价就会越高.这意味着,人们愿意为居住在一个城市所支付的成本(即房价),取决于他们能够在这个城市里获得怎样的经济收入和发展机会,以及享受怎样的生活质量.本研究还发现,在早期,城市生活质量要素在房价中是被低估的,向合理水平的收敛过程会带来房价的上升.同时,收入要素对房价的贡献度在下降,而城市生活质量要素对房价的贡献明显上升,表明居民在选择城市时更加重视城市的自然环境和城市政府提供的公共服务的质量.     

Price Stickiness in the US and Europe Revisited: Evidence from Internet Prices*

This paper compares price stickiness on the Internet and in traditional brick‐and‐mortar stores and examines differences across five countries: France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US. Contrary to conventional retail prices, we find that Internet prices change less often in the US than in EU countries. However, this does not hold for all product categories. Second, prices on the Internet are not necessarily more flexible than prices in brick‐and‐mortar stores. Third, our dataset reveals substantial heterogeneity in the frequency of price changes across Internet shops. Finally, panel logit estimates suggest that the likelihood of observing a price change is a function of both state‐dependent and time‐dependent factors.     

经销商增值模式研究

随着中国经济的不断发展,生产者对终端市场的控制,大型连锁超市和大卖场的不断出现,以及电子商务模式的发展,经销商的地位和作用在进一步弱化。经销商要想改变目前在分销渠道中的地位和困境,要从各种环节创造出更多的价值,赢得生产者和终端客户的依赖和信任。为此,文章提出了经销商的增值服务模型,该模型指出了经销商提供给生产者和客户的几种价值来源,主要包括客户关系管理、物流管理、营销管理和信息咨询管理。     

The Decision Usefulness of Financial Accounting Measurement Concepts: Evidence from an Online Survey of Professional Investors and their Advisors

In their current framework project, the IASB and the FASB identify decision usefulness as the objective of financial reporting. Unfortunately, accounting research has neither yet come up with an undisputed measure of decision usefulness, nor with a satisfying method to rank competing measurement concepts, such as fair value or historical cost, with regard to their relative decision usefulness. Thus, assessing the decision usefulness of different accounting measurement concepts ultimately poses an empirical question. We provide evidence to this question by surveying an important user group, namely professional investors and their advisors, about their opinions on the decision usefulness of different accounting measurement concepts. We find that our respondents clearly differentiate between mark-to-market and mark-to-model fair values. While they consistently rank mark-to-market fair values as most decision-useful, they generally rank mark-to-model fair values as least decision-useful. In addition, the ranking differs across asset classes.     

博弈论视角的我国证券承销商声誉机制研究

本文在对声誉机制理论进行综述的基础上,从博弈论视角分析了证券承销商声誉机制发挥作用的条件和我国承销商声誉机制缺失的必然。针对我国目前证券市场上承销商声誉机制缺失的原因进行了剖析,进而提出了政策建议,以提高证券市场上承销商的质量。     

在线评论对品牌价值感知的影响

在社交网络里,消费者针对企业、品牌及产品会发表许多在线评论,这些信息对消费者品牌价值感知有重要影响,因此需要研究在线产品评论对品牌价值感知的影响。本文以技术接受模型为依据,通过构建在线评论影响企业品牌价值感知的因素分析模型,发现消费者通过产品质量评论可以有效感知产品的有用性、产品的易用性和品牌形象,而感知产品有用性、产品易用性可以有效促进消费者的品牌认知,感知品牌形象能全面促进消费者对品牌价值的感知。