Sampling in the twenty-first century

This article summarizes the most significant developments in survey sampling in the twentieth century, especially as they relate to marketing and marketing research, and attempts to predict, based on what we know now, significant developments that will occur early in the twenty-first century. The article is divided into the following sections: (1) Developments in Door-to-Door Sampling, (2) Developments in Telephone and Mail Surveys, (3) Location Samples, (4) Focus Groups and Other Sloppy Samples, (5) Sampling Rare Populations, (6) Business Surveys, (7) Panels, (8) Developments in the Theoretical Foundation of Survey Sampling, and (9) The Evolutionary Process and Future Developments. Seymour Sudman is Walter A. Stellner Professor of Marketing and the deputy director of the Survey Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He is the author, co-author, or editor of 20 books and more than 200 articles dealing with sampling and survey methods. Edward Blair is a professor of marketing and entrepreneurship at the University of Houston and the head of the department. He is the author (with Seymour Sudman) of a text on marketing research, and his articles on research procedures have appeared in various academic journals. He also has taught sampling and other topics at the American Marketing Association’s School of Marketing Research since its inception.     

Marketing research: A state-of-the-art review and directions for the twenty-first century

This article provides observations on the state of the art in marketing research during 1987–1997. As such, it updates the earlier state-of-the-art review by Malhotra (1988), which won theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) Best Article Award. The primary thrust of articles published in theJournal of Marketing Research during 1987–1997 is reviewed to determine important areas of research. In each of these areas, the authors summarize recent developments, highlight the state of the art, offer some critical observations, and identify directions for future research. They present a cross-classification of various techniques and subject areas, and make some observations on the applications of these techniques to address specific substantive and methodological issues in marketing research. The article concludes with some general directions for marketing research in the twenty-first century. Naresh K. Malhotra is Regents’ Professor in the DuPree College of Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is listed in Marquis Who’s Who in America. In an article by Wheatley and Wilson (1987 AMA Educators’ Proceedings), he was ranked number one in the country based on articles published in theJournal of Marketing Research during 1980–1985. He also holds the all-time record for the maximum number of publications in theJournal of Health Care Marketing. He is ranked number one based on publications in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) since its inception through Volume 23, 1995. He is also number one based on publications inJAMS during the 10-year period 1986–1995. He has published more than 75 articles in major refereed journals including theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Health Care Marketing, and leading journals in statistics, management science, and psychology. He was chairman of the Academy of Marketing Science Foundation from 1996 to 1998, president of the Academy of Marketing Science from 1994 to 1996, and chairman of the Board of Governors from 1990 to 1992. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the Academy and Fellow of the Decision Sciences Institute. Mark Peterson is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Arlington. His research interests include methods, affect, international marketing, and quality of life. His work has been published in theInternational Marketing Review, theJournal of Business Research, and theJournal of Macromarketing. He is on the editorial review board for theJournal of Macromarketing. Susan Bardi Kleiser is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Texas at Arlington. She holds a Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Cincinnati. Her research interests include consumer decision making, product management, international marketing, marketing ethics, and marketing research and modeling techniques. Her research has appeared inResearch in Marketing, Advances in Consumer Research, and several proceedings.     

浅议消费者权益保护

消费权益保护问题已成为当今社会经济生活中的重要内容。进入21世纪以后,人们的消费观念、消费方式、消费结构等都必将发生深刻的变化。鉴于我国的消费权益保护还存在消费护权渠道不畅、产品鉴定环节梗阻、消费护权成本高等问题,故应从经济上降低消费护权成本,建立消费援助基金,发挥行政执法机关的护权作用,构筑现代化消费权益保护法律体系等,从根本上维护消费权益。     

First-mover advantage in an Internet-enabled market environment: conceptual framework and propositions

The competitive market environment has evolved from a physical market environment (PME) to an Internet-enabled market environment (IME) encompassing the physical and electronic marketplaces. At the same time, an increasing number of information products are available in both analog and digital forms. For information products in digital form, the IME also serves as a distribution channel. Such developments raise questions concerning the extent to which extant perspectives on first-mover advantage developed in the context of the PME hold in the IME, generally, and for information products specifically. We address this issue by developing a conceptual framework that focuses on selected sources of first-mover advantage delineated in the extant literature and advance propositions concerning sources that will have a greater or lower effect in the IME relative to the PME. A central message for first-movers in the IME that emerges from our conceptual analysis is to focus on achieving superior positions in resources that would enable them to get close to the customers fast, create switching costs, and retain them though ongoing investments in multi-faceted innovations. A second message that emerges for first-movers in the IME is they must take note of and make strategic adjustments for the potentially diminished significance of some traditional sources of first-mover advantage. These sources include spatial preemption, preemptive investment in capacity, and consumers’ choice behavior under conditions of uncertainty about product quality. We discuss the implications for further conceptual and empirical work in this area of increasing significance.

Cobranding arrangements and partner selection: a conceptual framework and managerial guidelines

Cobranding, the strategy of marketing brands in combination, has received increasing attention from academics and practitioners alike. This study examines two cobranding decisions facing a firm: the cobranding structure and the selection of a partner. Propositions rooted in the theories of attribution and categorization posit (a) how the levels of cobranding integration, exclusivity, and duration influence brand evaluation and consideration and (b) how consistency with the partner brand in hedonic attributes, complementarity in functional attributes, and brand breadth moderate the effect of partnership structure. Higher integration or longer duration likely has a greater impact on evaluation and consideration; an exclusive arrangement has a greater effect on evaluation but lowers consideration. For managers, these propositions are directly applicable; the outcomes of brand evaluation and consideration map onto the strategic goals of brand development and market development, respectively.     

Relationship journeys in the internet of things: a new framework for understanding interactions between consumers and smart objects

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science - Consumers’ interactions with smart objects have a relational nature, and extensive research has supported the “relationship metaphor”...     

Demand and supply integration: a conceptual framework of value creation through knowledge management

Strategy identifies two primary sets of processes through which the firm creates value for its customers by moving goods and information through marketing channels: demand-focused and supply-focused processes. Historically, firms have invested resources to develop a core differential advantage in one or other of these areas—but rarely in both—often resulting in mismatches between demand (what customers want) and supply (what is available in the marketplace). This paper suggests that successfully managing the supply chain to create customer value requires extensive integration between demand-focused processes and supply-focused processes that is based on a foundation of value creation through intraorganizational knowledge management. Integrating demand and supply processes helps firms prioritize and ensure fulfillment based upon the shared generation, dissemination, interpretation and application of real-time customer demand as well as ongoing supply capacity constraints. We draw upon literature in marketing, logistics, supply chain management and strategy to introduce a conceptual framework of demand and supply integration (DSI). We also offer insights for managerial practice and an agenda for future research in the relatively under-researched, but strategically important, area of demand and supply integration.     

新世纪马克思主义美学研究的基本格局与特点

新世纪以来,中国的马克思主义美学研究以对马克思主义美学历史层面的开掘,把握其与时俱进的理论品格为主导,着力于马克思主义美学的革新和新时代有中国特色马克思主义美学体系的建设这两个基本方面问题的讨论和研究,形成了多元共生与多样统一、形态转换与体系建构、对话、交流与发展的基本格局与特点,展现了当代中国马克思主义美学研究的广阔前景。     

王勇:执著地为老年人服务

项目介绍:"老小孩"网站(www.oldkids.com.cn)是中国首家真正的老年生活服务网。致力于21世纪的老年生活服务,以独特的网络平台和丰富的网下服务,积极探索扶老上网的实践,并倡导"年轻人给老年人服务"的理念。精彩分享:创业要像往墙上敲钉子,使出浑身的力气,钉子敲不进,也得敲,敲断了钉子,拣起钉子头,再继续敲,直到实在没东西可敲了,还得总结经验。 2000年8月,我和我的两个创业伙伴一起自筹资金创办了“老小孩”网站,专门帮助老年人学习网络知识,让他们也能感受网络时代的快乐。短短5年间,我们帮助6000多名老人通过培训学会了上网。我们做的…     

When customers disappoint: A model of relational internal marketing and customer complaints

The objective of this study is to examine internal marketing relationships and their influence on salesperson attitudes and behaviors in retail store environments. The authors investigate the moderating role of customer complaining behavior on the nature of these relationships. Specifically, they examine the relationship between organization-employee and supervisor-employee relationships and their association with salesperson job motivation and commitment to customer service. Customer complaints are expected to have differential moderating effects on the relationship between organizational and supervisory support and these salesperson outcomes. Our hypotheses were tested using a sample of 392 retail employees within 115 stores of a national retail organization. The model was partially supported. Theoretical and managerial implications are explored.     

Innovation generation in supply chain relationships: A conceptual model and research propositions

Innovation generation has increasingly been recognized as an outcome of interaction between a firm and various outside entities. According to this view, supplier involvement and alliances are routes to innovation generation. Despite this realization, there is a dearth of research, both conceptual and empirical, focusing on innovation generation in buyer-seller relationships in supply chains. In an attempt to fill this void, this article develops a conceptual model of innovation generation in buyer-seller relationships in upstream supply chains. The authors propose that innovation generation in supply chain relationships, both incremental and radical, is a consequence of interactions between buyers and sellers. They also delineate factors internal and external to the relationship that moderate the link between interaction and innovation generation. Finally, the authors discuss managerial implications of their research and offer guidelines for future empirical research. Subroto Roy (sroy@newhaven.edu) (Ph.D., University of Western Sydney, 2002) is an assistant professor of marketing and international business at the University of New Haven since 2001. Prior to his Ph.D., he had more than 12 years of experience in packaging industry (Tetra Pak) marketing and sales. Involved with several upstream industrial new product development projects he helped clients launch more than 100 brands. Current research interests include global supply chains, technology adoption, and knowledge outsourcing. His work has appeared inAmerican Marketing Association Educators Conferences and is forthcoming inIndustrial Marketing Management, among others. He is a co-guest editor of a special issue of theJournal of Business and Industrial Marketing and has consulted with leading companies in Australia and Asia. See http://www.newhaven.edu/faculty/roy. K. Sivakumar (k.sivakumar@lehigh.edu) (Ph.D., Syracuse University, 1992) is the Arthur Tauck Professor of International Marketing & Logistics and a professor of marketing at Lehigh University. His research interests include pricing, global marketing, innovation management, and supply/value chain management. His research has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of International Business Studies, Marketing Letters, theJournal of Business Research, International Marketing Review, Pricing Strategy & Practice: An International Journal, and other publications. He has won several awards for research. He is on the editorial board of six journals. Home page: www.lehigh.edu/~kasg. Ian F. Wilkinson (i.wilkinson@unsw.edu.au) is a professor in the School of Marketing at the University of New South Wales since 2001. His current research focuses on interfirm relations and networks in domestic and international markets and the dynamics and evolution of markets, including applications of complexity theory. His research has appeared in many journals including theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of World Business, theJournal of International Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, theJournal of Industrial and Business Marketing, and theJournal of Applied Psychology. He is on the editorial board of 12 scholarly journals. See http://www.marketing.unsw.edu.au/PEOPLE/HTML/IWilkinson.html.     

A customer perspective on product eliminations: how the removal of products affects customers and business relationships

Regardless of the apparent need for product eliminations, many managers hesitate to act as they fear deleterious effects on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Other managers do carry out product eliminations, but often fail to consider the consequences for customers and business relationships. Given the relevance and problems of product eliminations, research on this topic in general and on the consequences for customers and business relationships in particular is surprisingly scarce. Therefore, this empirical study explores how and to what extent the elimination of a product negatively affects customers and business relationships. Results indicate that eliminating a product may result in severe economic and psychological costs to customers, thereby seriously decreasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. This paper also shows that these costs are not exogenous in nature. Instead, depending on the characteristics of the eliminated product these costs are found to be more or less strongly driven by a company’s behavior when implementing the elimination at the customer interface.     

Mass media and adolescent minority consumers: An experiment in effectiveness

The authors review the research regarding minorities and media preference and usage contending that there are inconclusive and conflicting findings and that there is a dearth of information regarding media preferences within minority populations. The authors present the results of an experiment designed to test effective media within minority groups rather than focusing on minority versus majority groups. Additionally the study focuses on adolescent rather than adult consumers. The dependent criterion measure was ad effectiveness indicated by recall/recognition, believeability and attitude influence scores. The independent measures were newspaper, radio and television advertisements. The experiment included individual groups of white, black and brown students and a racially mixed control group. The study finds that there are significant differences in the effectiveness of one medium over another with adolescent black and brown minority groups. The study has implications for retailers who are traditionally attempting to reach minority consumers through the use of newspapers which may not be the most effective medium with which to reach those particular segments.     

When consumers complain: A path analysis of the key antecedents of consumer complaint response estimates

When do consumers complain? This study probes this question by developing a conceptual framework that includes multiple theoretical perspectives, empirically testing a portion of the proposed model, and using dissatisfaction/complaint data from three different service industries. The hypothesized model uses multidimensional consumer complaint response estimates including voice, private, and third-party responses as dependent variables. Results support several proposed relationships, provide a high level of explained variance, and indicate a moderating role for dissatisfaction intensity. The complaint response estimates are characterized by disparate influence pathways, and expectancy value judgments emerge as critical determinants with positive and negative crossover effects. Attitude toward complaining is more dominant under low dissatisfaction intensity than it is under the high dissatisfaction condition. Important differences emerge across service categories. Implications of this work for managers and researchers in understanding when consumers complain are enumerated.     

关于税收会计的几点误解

由于当今世界已从工业经济时代向知识经济时代转变,带来了会计实体变化和人力资源会计的诞生,因此,只有加快会计改革,才能适应新世纪发展的需要.     

MOIP: A framework for curricula planning in an academic market

Many curriculums have failed to demonstrate prolonged growth in academic enrollments. This indicates the need for using the marketing concept as a systematic approch to evaluate this problem. Marketing-Oriented Instructional Planning provides a formalized, systematic approach to gather information for planning curriculums by career tracts.     

An investigation of team information processing in service teams: Exploring the link between teams and customers

In an effort to satisfy the needs of increasingly knowledgeable and demanding customers, many organizations are implementing teams in customer contact positions. Unfortunately, stifled information flows and poor communication often impede their effectiveness. To help managers build more effective teams, the authors develop and test a model of team information processing that includes both antecedents (information acquisition, team norms, team size, and team longevity) and outcomes (customer satisfaction with service). Data collected from 61 health care teams, as well as from 1,598 patients served by these teams, are used to investigate the hypothesized relationships between variables. Partial support for the model is provided. Based on these findings, implications for researchers and practitioners are offered. Current knowledge is the life blood of knowledge work, and the ability to transfer it is a key differentiating characteristic between effective and ineffective knowledge work teams.-Fisher and Fisher (1998:174) Dawn R. Deeter-Schmelz (deeter-s@ohio.edu) (Ph.D., University of South Florida) is an associate professor of marketing at Ohio University. Her research interests include customer contact teams, business-to-business electronic commerce, sales management, and scale development. She has published in theJournal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Industrial Marketing Management, theJournal of Marketing Education, theJournal of Marketing Theory and Practice, and theJournal of Business Logistics, among others. Rosemary P. Ramsey (rosemary.ramsey@wright.edu) (Ph.D., University of Cincinnati) is associate dean in the Raj Sain College of Business at Wright State University. Her research interests include relationship management and measurement. Prior to pursuing her doctorate, she held marketing and sales positions for NCR Corporation. She has published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, and theJournal of Marketing Education, among others.     

The consumer production journey: marketing to consumers as co-producers in the sharing economy

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science - New digital technologies not only support consumers in better fulfilling their own consumption needs but also enable them to create greater value for...     

Marketing strategy and the internet: An organizing framework

Competitive strategy is primarily concerned with how a business should deploy resources at its disposal to achieve and maintain defensible competitive positional advantages in the marketplace. Competitive marketing strategy focuses on how a business should deploy marketing resources at its disposal to facilitate the achievement and maintenance of competitive positional advantages in the marketplace. In a growing number of product-markets, the competitive landscape has evolved from a predominantly physical marketplace to one encompassing both the physical and the electronic marketplace. This article presents a conceptual framework delineating the drivers and outcomes of marketing strategy in the context of competing in this broader, evolving marketplace. The proposed framework provides insights into changes in the nature and scope of marketing strategy; specific industry, product, buyer, and buying environment characteristics; and the unique skills and resources of the firm that assume added relevance in the context of competing in the evolving marketplace. P. Rajan Varadarajan is a distinguished professor of marketing and the Ford chair in marketing and e-commerce in the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University. His research and teaching interests are in the areas of strategy and e-commerce. His research on corporate, business, and marketing strategyrelated issues has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Management Journal, and other leading journals. He is coauthor of a textbook titledContemporary Perspectives on Strategic Market Planning. Dr. Varadarajan served as editor of theJournal of Marketing from 1993 to 1996. He currently serves on the Board of Governors of the Academy of Marketing Science and as editor of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Manjit S. Yadav is an associate professor of marketing and Mays Faculty Fellow, Department of Marketing, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Virginia Tech. His research focuses on electronic commerce, firms’ pricing strategies, and consumers’ price perceptions. He has published in a number of journals, includingJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andSloan Management Review. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science. At Texas A&M, Dr. Yadav developed and currently teaches a graduate course (Strategic Foundations of E-Commerce) dealing with the strategic challenges and opportunities in the emerging electronic marketplace. He served as cochair of the American Marketing Association’s 2001 Faculty Consortium on Electronic Commerce held at Texas A&M University.     

Historical trade integration: globalization and the distance puzzle in the long twentieth century

In times of ongoing globalization, the notion of geographic neutrality expects the impact of distance on trade to become ever more irrelevant. However, over the last three decades a wide range of studies has found an increase in the importance of distance during the second half of the twentieth century. This paper tries to reframe this discussion by characterizing the effect of distance over a broader historical point of view. To make maximal use of the available data, we use a state-space model to construct a bilateral index of historical trade integration. Our index doubles to quadruples yearly data availability before 1950, allowing us to expand the period of analysis to 1880–2011. This implies that the importance of distance as a determinant of the changing trade pattern can be analyzed for both globalization waves. In line with O’Rourke (Politics and trade: lessons from past globalisations. Technical Report, Bruegel, 2009) and Jacks et al. (J Int Econ 83(2):185–201, 2011), we find that the first wave was marked by a strong, continuing decrease in the effect of distance. Initially, the second globalization wave started out similarly, but from the 1960s onward the importance of distance starts increasing. Nevertheless, this change is dwarfed by the strong decrease preceding it.